I-Skumpiya isihlahla esidala noma umuthi ongaphansi kwesizwe sakwaSumakhov. Ikhula e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi “umuthi oshunqayo”.
Inamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi-ene-burgundy enezimbali, efana nefu elinamanzi. Umuthi awugcini nje ngokuhlobisa noma yisiphi isiza ngomqhele waso wobukhosi, usetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-decoctions okwelapha.
Incazelo
IMackerel isihlahla esiqhakaza esinamagatsha asakazwayo. Ikhula ukuphakama ibe yingxenye kuya kumamitha amathathu. Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni engama-45 kuye kwayi-100. Amahlumela aqhuma kusuka ekuqaleni kwesiqu. Kumacabango amadala, amagxolo aqala ukukhipha amapuleti.
Amaqabunga ayindilinga noma amise okwama-petioles aphakanyisiwe, aluhlaza okotshani. Amapuleti e-Iridescent anemiphetho eqinile noma eqinile. Zikhula zibe amasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ekwindla, ziba bomvu, ziphuzi, zibubende, zibomvu okwegolide.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla yokuqala, ama-inflorescence amade afinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu afana nama panicles avela phakathi kwamahlamvu. I-corolla iqukethe amacembe afinqiwe kanye nesixha sezingcweti ezinde eziphakeme. Izimbali eziphuzi ezingamasayizi amancane. Endaweni yazo kuvela ama-pedicel amade, ambozwe nge-villi. Zikhula ngisho nangemva kokuba isihlahla uqobo siphela. Njengomphumela, i-scoopia ibukeka njengemilingo: ifana nefu le-pink eli-fluffy.
Le shrub inezithelo. Ikhiqiza izithelo ngesimo se-drupes ngesikhumba esincanyana, esimnyama, bavuthwa ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Izinhlobo zeSkumpy
Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-scoopia, kepha zimbili kuphela ezikhulwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa:
| Isihloko | Incazelo |
| Isikhumba | Iqala ukuthathelwa phansi kusuka phansi. Ifinyelela kumitha owodwa nesigamu kuya kwamathathu. Ukudubula ngamagxolo edun. Iziqu ezifike eminyakeni yobudala yonyaka ziba nsomi noma zibomvu. Kumaqabunga alandelayo azungezayo, amaphethini emithambo ayabonakala. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi kanye ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kuvela izimbali ezincane eziphuzi noma eziluhlaza. Ngemuva kokuwa kwama-petals, ama-panicles aphenduka apinki, abude. Ngokushesha, kwakheka izithelo ezinethambo ngaphandle kwe-pulp. |
| WaseMelika | Isihlahla esinomqhele wamagatsha. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha amahlanu. Amacembe ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani. Kude kuze kube amasentimitha ayi-12. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zehlobo, kwakheka inani elikhulu lama-inflorescence. Lolu hlobo alulwisani nesithwathwa. |
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifunda saseMoscow
Ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow nakuyo yonke indawo ephakathi, ukushuka kwesikhumba kusinda kulezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
| Isihloko | Incazelo |
| Intokazi | Isihlahla esinamahlamvu aluhlaza sathela. Ifinyelela kumamitha amane. Izimbali eziluhlaza ziba ukhilimu noma zipinki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| Onsomi wasebukhosini (unqenqema) | Isihlahla esincane. Ukukhula kancane. Inomqhele obomvu oyindilinga, ophenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekwindla. Inika ama-voluminous efihlekile. |
| URubrifolius | Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zokushisa ze-scoopia, kepha ungazama ukuzikhulisa ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, zihlala nesithwathwa. Inamaqabunga amise okwemisebe yombala onsomi. Ekuphakameni kufinyelela amamitha amathathu kuya amahlanu. |
| UGrace | Amapundu uGrace aqala kahle emgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Isihlahla esikhula ngokushesha esinamagatsha asakazwayo. Ekuphakameni kufinyelela amamitha amathathu kuya amahlanu. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo futhi abomvu ekwindla. Amapuleti kukhona okusaqanda. |
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid i-Lilla, Umoya, i-Follis (i-folis) i-Purpureis nazo zingatshalwa esifundeni saseMoscow. Ziyi-thermophilic futhi zidinga indawo yokuhlala lapho kubanda khona.
Ukufakelwa
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo nomhlabathi ofanele. Zonke izithombo zasehlobo zikhule ezitsheni. Ukudilizwa kwenziwa ekwindla.
Indawo
Okokufika, indawo evulekile ekhanyisiwe kunazo zonke iyakhethwa. Okufanele kakhulu - emthambekeni noma egqumeni elincane. Izwe elingaphansi alilingani, kunamanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondele ebusweni. Isitshalo asithandi umswakama ngokweqile.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-skumpiya ikhula ezinhlangothini ngamamitha amathathu kuya amahlanu. Lapho indawo ilinganiselwe, kungcono ukhethe amahlumela kumabhodwe acwebile.
Inhlabathi
ISkumpia ayikhethi emhlabathini. Inhlabathi iyinsimu efanelekile. Kungcono ukukhetha ukukhanya kanye ne-airy.
Ukujula komgodi kuya ngosayizi wesistimu yezimpande. Kunconywa ukufaka u-lime ukuze ukhule kangcono. Yize lesi sitshalo sisinda emhlabathini ompofu, kungcono ukugcwalisa izimpande nomhlaba ngomquba nomquba.
Ukunakekelwa
Izimpumputhe azibekezeleli isithwathwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke, kubalulekile ukuba mulch Peat, sawdust, amagatsha coniffort. Ngaphambi kokuthumela isitshalo ebusika, kunconywa ukusimboza nge-agrofiber ukuze i-Rhizome ingabandi.
Ukunisela
Izimpumputhe zibekezelela kahle isomiso. Ukunisela kudingeka kuphela izihlahla ezitshalwe muva nje. Kukhiqizwa ngesimo sezulu esomile kanye ngeviki. Umuthi wabantu abadala awunakuniselwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lapho iqhwa selincibilikile ngokuphelele, i-scumpia izodinga ukufakwa kumanyolo oqukethe ingxube yezakhi. Lokhu kuzomsiza ukuthi alulame ngokushesha ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi aqale ukukhula okuthe xaxa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kubuye kwenziwe ngoJuni. Izinto eziphilayo ezisetshenzisiwe: I-mullein noma i-bird droppings. Esikhathini esizayo, kuze kube kuphela isizini, shrub awudingi umanyolo.
Izihlahla
Isidingo sezitshalo ezincane. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhula okukhulu nokuchichima komqhele. Amacembe aba makhulu ngenxa yalokhu.
Izitshalo zabantu abadala azidingi izihlahla, uma zithathwa, zizolahlekelwa ukubukeka kwazo kokuhlobisa.
Ukuzala
Izimpungushe, njengomthetho, zivinjelwa indlela yezitshalo: izingqimba kanye nokusikwa.
Kungcono ukusabalalisa lesi sitshalo ngezendlalelo zobumba, ngoba zigxilile kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha igatsha eliphansi eliphilile, wenze ukulameka kulo futhi ngalengxenye bayilahle emhlabathini. Ukusika izimpande kunisela njalo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, igatsha liyagawulwa futhi litshalwe.
Isinyathelo-sinyathelo-ngasinye sokusika:
- ukusika okunamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu kunqunywa ngoMeyi-Julayi;
- ofakwe kuKornevin;
- otshalwe ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi we-aeter engadini, ukumboza nge-cap;
- indawo yokukhosela isuswa zonke izinsuku, kukhishwe i-condensate kuyo;
- ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela athole izimpande (kuthatha amasonto amabili kuya amathathu), aniselwa ngokucophelela.
Izihlahla ezihogela intuthu nazo zikhiqizwa ngembewu, kodwa akuvamile ukwenza:
- Imbewu ibekwa ku-sulfate acid imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
- Yenza i-stratation ebandayo ku- + 3 ... + 5 ° C izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu (ungangeqa iphoyinti lokuqala, kepha ukuqina kule simo kuyadingeka izinyanga eziyisithupha).
- Ngemuva kokulungiselela kokuqala, imbewu itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile emigodini eyodwa nesigamu kuya kumasentimitha amabili.
- Umhlaba uvulwa njalo futhi uniselwe, kepha ngokulinganisa.
Lapho zisakazeka ngale ndlela, izithombo zokuqala zivela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Cishe uhhafu wembewu uyaqhuma.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Umuthi noma isihlahlana sivame ukuthelela izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kwisiphaza,
- ibhungane lamaqabunga;
- umdwebi;
- isihlahla seqabunga.
Lapho igulile, amahlamvu ayoma, i-scumpia iqala ukubuna ngokushesha. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane isetshenziselwa ukubhekana nembangela yokuphela kwezinkuni. Isibonelo, iKarbosov. Ungayithenga esitolo esikhethekile.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: Izimpumputhe - udokotela omuhle
Isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukuhlobisa noma yisiphi nje isiza sengadi, futhi sinezakhiwo zokwelapha. Izici zalo zokuphulukisa zifundwa ekhemisi.
IMackerel iqukethe ngobuningi izinto ezilandelayo ezilusizo:
- ama-tannins;
- ama-tannins;
- amafutha abalulekile;
- ama-organic acid.
Ama-broths alungiswa kusuka kumifino namahlumela Zilusizo ekuvimbeleni nasekwelashweni kwezimo eziningi ze-pathological. Zisiza nge-pneumonia, izinkinga ngomgudu wesisu, ukudakwa. Zingasetshenziswa nangaphandle, zenze imishini yokugeza, ukugeza, ukugcotshwa kwemisipha yesikhumba, izilonda zokuhlanza. Kunconywa ukuhlanza umlomo njalo. Iyayeka ukuvuvukala, iqeda izinsini ezopha igazi.
