I-Peperomia luhlobo lwamakhambi angapheli owomndeni we-pepper. Lona kanye igama le-peperomia likhuluma ngobuhlobo: pepero - pepper, omos - okufanayo.
Incazelo
I-Peperomia isitshalo esinezimbali ezinamakhambi enobude obuyi-15 cm kuya kwengxenye yemitha enamaqabunga angenanyama. Umbala wamahlamvu ungaba owomhlobiso ohlukahlukene, ngemivimbo noma amabala, nangaphandle kwawo. Ama-bloom e-Peperomia entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ekugcineni kwezimbali ezincane ezomileyo ziyakheka.
Uhlobo lukhulu kakhulu: ngokusho kweminye imibiko, luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1,500. Abamele zasendle ngokwemvelo bakhula emthunzini wamahlathi ashisayo aseMelika nase-Asia.
Izinhlobo ze-Peperomia
I-Peperomia iyisitshalo se-ampel, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa kaningi ukudala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi abahlobisi baziswa kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo.
Abaziwa kakhulu kubo:
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Kufinyiwe (kushubile) | Isitshalo esincane esihlanganisiwe (sikhula size sibe ngu-10 cm) esinamaqabunga velvet ekwakhekeni kwenhliziyo. Zibunjiwe, zinemithambo emsundu ezinhlangothini zombili. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu abomvu. Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yiCillian caperata. |
| I-Watermelon (isiliva) | Isitshalo esinezicucu cishe. Amahlamvu acwebezelayo enyama anamathiselwe ekusikeni okude (10-12 cm). Umbala uluhlaza ngemithende ekhanyayo, ufana nombala wamakhabe, imbali yathola khona igama lesibili. |
| Isihloko | Isitshalo esifinyelela kuma-30 cm ukuphakama, esinamaqabunga aluhlaza obanzi, sinamanzi, sibushelelezi futhi siminyene kakhulu. Aluqhakaza. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu: i-mosagate, i-alba. Phakathi kwabo kuyahluka ngokufaka imibala kwamaqabunga. |
| UVelvety | Ikhula ibe ngu-50 cm. Isiqu esimnyama esinsundu esimnyama, sishiya kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga kuyinto ephakeme, okusaqanda ngemithambo elula. |
| Okujikelezayo (monolithic, rotundifolia) | Izinhlobo ezincane ezinama-ampel. Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo zombala onsundu okhanyayo zimbozwe ngamaqabunga amancane ayindilinga anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Lolu hlobo alunaso isikhathi sokuphumula kumjikelezo. |
| Okufana ne-Club | Isihlahla eside. Isici: umbala okhanyayo wamaqabunga. Enkabeni buluhlaza obumnyama, eduze nomphetho umbala ungaba bomvu, opinki, ophuzi noma onsomi. |
| I-Leafy | Isitshalo se-Ampel esinamaqabunga aqinile alukhuni. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okotshani. |
| Iqabunga leMagnolia | Okuqanjwe ngenxa yokufana kwamaqabunga ane-magnolia. Iziqu eziphinki eziphinki zifinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika ku-40 cm. Ngezindlela ezihlanganisiwe, amaqabunga anomphetho okhanyayo ophuzi. |
| I-Chisel (dolabriformis) | Isitshalo esiphansi (esingafika kwesigamu semitha) esinamaqabunga angenanyama angajwayelekile afana namapumba wethanga. Isiqu namahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu: ubhontshisi ojabulayo, i-Ferreira, i-nivalis. |
| Ukukhamba (i-Prostratum, i-Cragling, i-Skandens) | Epiphytus. Amacembe mancane, ayindilinga ngesimo, atholakala kuma-cutways amafushane. Umbala uluhlaza omnyama onqenqemeni olula. |
| Ikhanda (glabella) | Ukubuka kwe-Ampelic. I-Drooping noma ezinwabuzelayo amahlumela afinyelela ku-20 cm ubude, embozwe ngamahlamvu ayindilinga anombala oluhlaza okotshani. |
| Rosso | Izihlahla eziphansi, ezihlangene. Aluqhakaza. Iqabunga linombala ohlukile: ngaphezulu kwepuleti leqabunga, umbala uluhlaza, futhi phansi - burgundy. |
| Ishaye ikhwela | Ukubukeka okucashile, okunempilo. Idonsa iqhume ngamaqabunga amakhulu anemibala eluhlaza grey. Ukuqinisa amaqabunga nge-whorl. |
| Izinwele ezimpunga | Emvelweni, kukhula emadwaleni amatshe eBrazil. Amacembe amnandi ambozwe ngezinwele ezincane ezinemibala yesiliva. |
| Amandla adonsela phansi | Isitshalo esiphansi esinamaqabunga agqamile anamanzi. Ngaphansi kwe-burgundy, phezulu kuluhlaza. Ukuphumelela. |
| Iqabunga Multi (polybotry, reindrop) | Uhlobo olunqabile, amaqabunga abukeka njengominduze wamanzi. Bush ukuphakama kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-50 cm. |
Muva nje, iPeperomia Mix ivele ezitolo zezimbali. Lokhu akuyona inhlobonhlobo enjalo, kepha iqoqo lezinhlobo ezincane ezihlwanyelwe esitsheni sinye.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngokunakekelwa kwe-peperomia ekhaya
I-Peperomia ayithembeki, kodwa kufanele ikhunjulwe:
- Izinhlobo ezixubile zithanda ukukhanya, okuluhlaza ngokulinganayo kukhululeke ngokwengeziwe emthunzini oyingxenye noma ngaphansi kokukhanya kokufakelwa. Umnyama umbala weqabunga, ipeperomia ilithanda kakhulu isithunzi.
- Zonke izinhlobo (ngaphandle kwe-fleecy) zifana nomoya ophakeme womswakama ongaba ngu-50%.
- Okusalungiswa okubekezelelwe kabi
- Ikhula kahle ekhishini.
- Ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezimpande ukubola, awukwazi ukufaka amanzi epanini.
Ukunakekelwa kwesizini: itafula
| Amapharamitha | Ntwasahlobo ehlobo | Ukuwa kobusika |
| Indawo | Iwindows elibheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Dinga ukuvikelwa elangeni elishisayo. Ebusika, izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zingabuyiselwa kumawindi aseningizimu, ngaphandle kwalokho zizolimala ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya. | |
| Ukushisa | +20 ... +24 ° C | + 18 ... +20 ° C |
| Isibani | Kuya ngezinhlobo zezitshalo. | |
| Ukunisela | Okumaphakathi, gxila ekomiseni inhlabathi. | |
| Umanyolo | Izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga | Kanye ngenyanga |
Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa. Uma imbiza imi efasiteleni, khona-ke ebusika kungcono ukubeka i-heater ngaphansi kwayo.
Naphezu kokusuka kwayo ezindaweni ezishisayo, i-peperomia ayifunwa ekufafazeni. Imvamisa adingeka kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga angenamabala acwebezelayo njengokusula nge-disc emanzi.
Izidingo zenhlabathi, umanyolo
Ubulukhuni bokunakekela ikhaya kulele ekukhetheni kwenhlabathi. Imvamisa, izingoma ezahlukahlukene zilungele izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-peperomia. Isisekelo sebanga ngalinye kufanele sibe yisisekelo sobumba. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kumele kungathathi hlangothi, kukhwalithi esondelene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-ficus noma yesundu. Umswakama uphansi noma ungathathi hlangothi.
Nge-peperomia, ingxube yenhlabathi kumele ibe nokuphefumula futhi ikhulule. Ezinye izinhlobo zitshalwa kangcono kuma-hydroponics.
Kwanele ukufaka umquba njalo emavikini amabili entwasahlobo nasehlobo kanye kanye ngenyanga ngenkathi ebandayo. Noma imuphi umanyolo wezimbiwa kufanele, ngenkathi umthamo kumele wehliswe amahlandla ama-2. Izimpande zePeperomia zizwelayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukugqoka okuphezulu kwethulwa kuphela ngokunisela kokuqala.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo sivumelaniswa nokuphila nomswakama omncane womhlabathi, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kube ngokulinganiselayo. Udinga ukugxila kwisimo somhlabathi, amanzi kuphela ngesendlalelo esomile esomile (okungenani 3 cm). Ehlobo cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-10 ebusika, isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ayi-2-3. Amanzi kufanele athambile futhi afudumele kunokushisa kwegumbi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kubalulekile ukukhipha uketshezi oluningi kusuka kwisigaxa.
Ukufakelwa
Imvamisa yokufakelwa incike eminyakeni yobudala nohlobo. Njalo ngonyaka, izitshalo ezincane kuphela kuze kube iminyaka emi-3. Omkhulu abashiyiwe - hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi njalo eminyakeni emibili, abancane abancane - kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi esifaneleka kakhulu yintwasahlobo.
Ukusuka peperomia kulula ukuqonda ukuthi isikhathi sesifikile sokufakelwa: isitshalo siyeka ukukhula, nezimpande zikhule ngezimbobo zokudonsa.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwale mbali lincane, ngakho-ke imbiza iyakufanelekela ukukhetha okuncane. Isitsha esisha kufanele sidlule kububanzi obudala cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Njengoba izimpande ze-peperomia zikhula kancane, imbiza enkulu kakhulu ayifaneleki. Emide ye-ceramic ifanelekile. Lapho ukufakelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngokudonsa okuhle. Ungqimba olungama-cm okungenani ayi-6. Ngemuva kokubamba isitsha amasonto ama-2 emthunzini owubambe. Lapho isitshalo sihamba, siyibuyisele endaweni yaso ejwayelekile.
Ukuzala
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe lesi sitshalo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- okuzala (inzalo);
- ukusika;
- ukwehlukaniswa kwesihlahla ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.
Indlela yokukhiqiza
Isebenza ngezinhlobo zezimbali. Imbewu evuthiwe igcinwa endaweni epholile emnyama kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Inqubo
- ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi (inhlanganisela yesihlabathi esihlanganayo ne-universal substrate);
- faka inhlabathi esitsheni esingajulile, esichithekile;
- usakaze imbewu ebusweni bese ufafaza ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba;
- amboze ngengilazi noma ngefilimu futhi ubeke endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele. Uma kunokwenzeka, hlinzeka ngokushisa;
- umoya wansuku zonke imizuzu emi-5;
- lapho womisa inhlabathi ukuze ifafaze;
- lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga amadala ayi-2 ukuze atshale.
Izimbumbulu
Izimbambo zingaba ngamaqabunga kusuka esiqu. Usizo lwale ndlela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinezimpande nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Lapho ukhetha isibambo, kufanele unake ubukhona bamaphoyinti wokukhula, kulapho akhona amathuba, okuthola amathuba amaningi okubamba phansi.
Kubalulekile: Ekusakazeni, ngisho neqabunga elivela esitshalweni esidala liyafaneleka.
I-cutlery ifakwa emanzini afudumele noma esihlabathini esimanzi. Lapho usebenzisa amanzi, isigaxa sicwiliswa singabi ngaphezu kwama-3-5 mm, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kuzoqala. Ukusheshisa inqubo, isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe inyanga ukuqhuma. 
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Isihlahla sihlukaniswe kuphela ngokufakwa kwesitshalo okuhleliwe. Inqubo iyafana nalejwayelekile, kufakwa kuphela ukwahlukaniswa kohlelo lwempande. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngommese obukhali, usike izigaba ngamalahle.
Izinambuzane namaphutha ekhula peperomia
| Izimpawu zangaphandle emaqabungeni | Isizathu | Izindlela zokwelapha |
| Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu, kuphuzi. | Umanyolo owengeziwe. | Dlulisa ngokubekwa kwenhlabathi okuphelele. |
| Imiphetho emnyama. | Ukushisa okuphansi noma okusalungiswa. | Fudukela endaweni efanelekile. |
| Sluggish. | Ukukhanya okuningi. | Yenza umthunzi noma ufudukele kwenye indawo. |
| Ukukhula ezansi. | Kuchichima. | Dlulisa ngokubekwa komhlaba okuphelele. |
| Isithombo esilula ngokukhanya okujwayelekile. | Ukujikeleza izimpande. | Dlulisela enhlabathini entsha ngokunakekelwa kwezimpande kwasekuqaleni (hlambulula, ususe izindawo ezilimele, phatha ngamalahle). |
| I-Curvature, ukuntuleka kokukhula kwesitshalo esisanda kuthengwa. | Igciwane le-dwarf. | Lesi sifo aselashwa. |
| Iwebhu yesigcawu. | Thikha | Phatha ngesinambuzane, wandise umswakama. |
| Inhlanganisela emhlophe. | Umhlonyane. | Izindawo ezonakalisiwe ezinethanga likotini elifakwe otshwaleni. Faka esikhundleni inhlabathi. |
| Ukuwa. | Ukunisela kudlula. | Shintsha uhlelo lokunisela. |
| Ukuwa ebusika. | Ukushisa okuphansi | Hambisa imbali endaweni efudumele, gxilisa imbiza. |
| Ukuvela kwezindawo ezifile, ukuvuvukala ezimpandeni. | AmaNematode. | Ukugeza kwamanzi okushisayo imizuzu engama-30 (+40 ° C); phatha ngokubulala izinambuzane. |
| Ukukhula kwamafulethi (futhi esiqwini). | Isihlangu. | Phatha ngotshwala obunensipho noma ngama-insecticides. |
UMnu Dachnik uyachaza: izinzuzo noma ukulimala kwe-peperomia
Le mbali ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyasebenziseka. Amaqabunga ayo akhiqiza into ekhethekile ebulala i-streptococci ne-staphylococci. Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi uma ikhona egumbini, inani lamagciwane asemoyeni lehliswa ngo-50-70%, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi emakamelweni wezingane. Futhi ngokusho kwezinkolelo-ze ezaziwayo, i-peperomia "imbali yothando", yenza abantu bafune ukunakekela abathandekayo futhi babavikele. Kukhona isibonakaliso esiqinisekile: peperomia uvele endlini - linda izinguquko ezinhle empilweni.
