Umuthi we-apula unezinzuzo eziningana: ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukungathobeki enhlabathini, ukumelana nesithwathwa, akunzima ukukunakekela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungomunye wezihlahla zezithelo ezifunwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi enkabeni yeRussia. Kwesinye isikhathi impilo yakhe idlula iminyaka eyikhulu. Umuntu onjalo okwikhulu leminyaka empeleni uyisibonelo esingajwayelekile. Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokuphila kwesihlahla sama-apula yiminyaka engama-50-60. Kepha ungayididanisi ne-fruiting esebenzayo. Kugcina okungaphansi. Vele, uma ukhetha isithombo esifanele, usitshala futhi usinakekele, umuthi ungaletha isivuno seminyaka engama-20-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Izikhathi zokujikeleza kwesihlahla se-Apple
Zonke izihlahla ze-apula zokuphila zihlukaniswe zaba zikhathi ezintathu. Bangena esikhundleni somunye, babonisa izinguquko ezenzeka ngobudala.
Okokuqala
Umjikelezo ufaka ukukhula kokuqala, lapho umuthi wakhela isistimu yezimpande, izingxenye zemifino futhi ungena ngenkathi yezithelo. Lokhu kuvame ukusuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kweli-15.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Okwesibili
Lo mjikelezo ufaka isikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo kanye nokwehla kancane kancane ijubane lokukhula. Udlula eminyakeni eyi-15-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umqhele wenziwa ngokungafanele, akwanele ukunakekela isihlahla, ukuqina kuzophazamisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, izithelo zizoba zincane, futhi umuthi we-apula uqobo uzobhekana nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Uma ungaqali ukunakekela, kugijimisa ukonakala futhi kuwohloka. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuhlanza izihlahla nokuhlunga kungabuyisa isiko.
Ukuthena okudala ukuguga
Le nqubo ithinta kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwesihlahla nokukhiqiza kwawo.
Njengomthetho, kwenziwa ekwindla. Izihlahla zama-apile abantu abadala zivuselela emva kweminyaka engama-20, uma zingatheli izithelo. Amagatsha amakhulu awomile aphuliwe ayasuswa, lawo aqondiswe emqhele futhi aphazamisane nezinqubo ezincane. Kunjengokungathi kuvuleka, maphakathi nomqhele, kusale kuphela labo abafisa phezulu, kulawo magatsha amancane okufiswa izithelo.
Okwesithathu
Lo ngumjikelezo wokugcina. Umuthi kancane kancane uvimba ukukhula kwawo, amagatsha akha umqhele womile futhi afe. Kulokhu, umuthi we-apula ungayeka ngokungazelelwe ukuthela izithelo noma lokhu kuzokwenzeka kancane kancane. Isitshalo esidala ngeke sisakwazi ukubuyiselwa, kunengqondo ukukhipha izihlahla ezinjalo.
Ibhodi Ekhulayo Yezihlahla Zasendulo ze-Apple
Ukususa ngokunembile isihlahla esidala ukwenza indawo yabasha kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Isiqu somuthi we-apula sigaywa emseleni, ukuze sikwazi ukusika izimpande ezinkulu zesihlahla esidala.
- Ngemuva kwalapho, isiqu saso siyanyakaziswa siqedwe.
- Lapho-ke izinsalela zezimpande ziyaqunywa bese zisuswa, isiqu sithi sawn.
Uma kungenzeki ukuwela phansi kwesihlahla, sebenzisa enye indlela:
- Basika umuthi we-apula.
- Biyela izimbobo zesiqu.
- Zigcwalisa umanyolo we-nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate).
- Bayifaka kaningana ngesikhathi sasehlobo (lokhu kuzosheshisa inqubo yokubola kwezimpande).
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, isistimu yezimpande yesibazi ibhujiswa kangangokuba ukungabeki phansi kususwe kalula emhlabathini.
Zonke lezi zikhathi ziba ngokungqubuzana, njengoba zincike ezintweni ezimbalwa.
Izici Ezithinta Isikhathi Sokuphila
Kunezizathu eziningana ezithinta ubude bomuthi we-apula:
- indawo yokukhula;
- ubudlelwane bokuhlukahluka;
- ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla.
Isifunda
Impilo yayo incike endaweni lapho kukhule khona isihlahla sama-apula. Ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu engaphezulu, isikhathi isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, awufiki iminyaka engama-70. ENyakatho, lapho izimo ezinzima zingu-40.
Ibanga
Ukwehlukahlukahlukahlukahluka kuthinta umjikelezo wempilo.
Isibonelo: izihlahla zama-apula zikhula ngokushesha, okungukuthi, labo abathela izithelo besebancane kakhulu, baphila kancane kunezinhlobo zezithelo ezingemuva kakhulu.
I-Coloniform kuqala futhi iningi iqala ukuthela izithelo, kepha ayiphili iminyaka engama-20.
Ukunakekelwa
Inqubo yokunakekela izihlahla ibaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela ekutshaleni unyaka nonyaka, kufanele kuklanywe kahle, kumanyiswe, kuvikelwe ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
Umphumela wokukhethwa kuzici zobudala zezihlahla zeapula
Ezinsukwini zakudala, lapho izihlahla zama-apula zazikhuliswa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imigomo, zazinamandla amakhulu futhi ziphila iminyaka engama-200. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa imbewu zinezici ezibalulekile:
- ukumelana nezifo;
- hardness ebusika;
- ngokuzithoba emhlabathini.
Kepha ngokuba nezakhiwo eziningi zokukhuthazela ezinhle, yize ziveza isivuno esihle kamuva, ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngeminyaka engu-10 - 10, lapho uhlelo nezimpande sekukhule ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid zivelisa isivuno esiningi kusukela eminyakeni emi-5, kepha isikhathi sokuphila kwazo asidluli iminyaka engama-20, ngoba isihlahla sama-apula esingakakhiwa sisebenzisa amandla amaningi namandla ekwakhekeni kwezithelo, ngokushesha siphela futhi siphele amandla.
Ngenqubo yokukhethwa, izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula zijwayela indawo ehlukile yesimo sezulu, ehlukile ezweni lakubo. Lokhu kuholela ekubukekeni kwezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ezincanyana ngosayizi kanti isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyanqunyelwa.
Kuyavela ukuthi ukukhetha okungacabangi ngezici zemvelo zomuthi kunciphisa kakhulu ingxenye yawo yobudala. Ukwazi zonke izinto ezithinta isivuno kanye nobude besikhathi sesihlahla, ungakhetha okubaluleke kakhulu.
