IKatarantus isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza herbaceous somndeni womndeni wakwaKutrov. Izici zalo zokuphulukisa nobuhle ziyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Izimbali zasendle ezitholakala emazweni ashisayo, njengeCuba, i-Afrika, i-Indochina, i-Indonesia, i-Java. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiMadagascar. Le mbali ilungele ukutshala ekhaya nasengadini.
Incazelo yeCatharanthus
Njengesitshalo sasekhaya, i-catharanthus iyimbali engapheli noma yonyaka efinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30-60. Isiqu esinamagatsha amagxolo aluhlaza phezulu. Amacembe amnyama aluhlaza aya emaphethelweni futhi abe nethambo elimhlophe maphakathi, ubude bawo buba cm 8. Impande ye-catharanthus induku, ihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ifike ku-30 cm obukhulu futhi ifaka iphunga elibi elingafani nalokhu.
Izimbali zesitshalo cishe azinuka, zifana kakhulu nama-phloxes, akhula eziqongweni zezihlumela. Ama-petals apendwe mhlophe noma apinki, ezinye izinhlobo zinokuhlukahluka okuveziwe, ngokwesibonelo, isikhungo si-burgundy, kanti imiphetho imhlophe. Izimbumbulu ezinhlanu kuphela zefomu elifanele. Isitshalo siqhakaza lonke ihlobo ngisho nokuqala kwekwindla.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-catharanthus zasekhaya
| Buka | Incazelo | Izimbali |
| I-Ampel | Isihlahla sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungadluli ku-15 cm. Ubude bezimpande ezivuthayo buyi-100-150 cm. | I-pinkish noma i-violet enkulu enkulu ikhula kubo bonke ubude bezinqubo. Umbala ngokulinganayo udlulela emaphethelweni okhanyayo wezipals ungene maphakathi mnyama. |
| Ipinki | Ikhula ibe ngu-60 cm futhi ingapheli. Nge-shimmer ekhazimulayo, amaqabunga, afafazwe nge-wax yemifino, aluhlaza ngombala, esikhundleni sikhulu futhi afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ezinye zezimpawu zangaphandle ziyefana neparafini; phambilini ososayensi babekholelwa ngephutha ukuthi kwakuyizinhlobo ezifanayo. | Zodwa, zinama-petals amahlanu. Iphalethi lemibala lihlukile: kusuka kumbala opinki noma omhlophe kuya ku-burgundy, umphimbo onsomi we-corolla uqeda isithombe sonke ngokuvumelanayo. Ngosayizi 3-5 cm. |
| I-Aristocrat | Ikhula ibe ngu-50 cm ubude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ulungele ukukhula ekhaya nasengadini. | Amasayizi afinyelela ku-5 cm. Kunehlo elihlukile, futhi umbala wehluka kakhulu: kusuka ku-iqhwa-mhlophe kuya ku-burgundy. |
| I-Pacific Burgundy | Encane ngosayizi, enohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Ekuphakameni akufinyeleli ku-30 cm. | Ama-petals aphuzi pink ngombala omhlophe, kunamahlanu aphelele. |
| I-Pacific Apricot | Iphansi, i-30 cm, kuyilapho i-cap isondele ku-20 cm. | I-apricot hue enendawo ebomvu ecebile. |
| I-Pacific White | Amacembe amhlophe aqinile. Kunezimbali lapho ingxenye ephakathi ebomvu. | |
| Ukuqabula kuqala | Usayizi omncane - cm 35- 40. Unesigqoko esihle. | Amathunzi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona cishe aba-13 kubo kule nhlobonhlobo; i-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emhlophe-pink nabanye bayatholakala. |
Nakekela i-catharanthus ekhaya
| Ipharamitha | Izimfuneko |
| Indawo / Isibani | Kuyinto ye-photophilous, ngakho-ke amabhodwe nayo abekwa kumafasitela abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ngokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, iyafa ngokushesha, futhi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, iziqu ziba buthaka, izimbali zicishe zinyamalale. |
| Ukushisa | + 22 ... +26 ° С, imbali izizwa imnandi futhi inikeza inani elikhulu kakhulu lamahlamvu. |
| Umswakama / Ukunisela | Njalo nangokucacile, inhlabathi akufanele neze ome ngaphandle kwalokho kungenza izinambuzane eziyingozi ezimbalini. Udinga futhi ukufafaza isihlahla nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yezimpande ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi yamanzi. |
| Inhlabathi | Umhlaba kufanele ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. I-Katarantus isungulwe kahle enhlabathini ye-peat. Imvamisa, i-substrate ekhethekile yengezwa ebhodweni, enomhlaba we-turf ne-perlite, ukuze isitshalo siba nezimpande. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Umanyolo wamaminerali, phosphorus nezisombululo zamalahle. Ungaqala amasonto amabili ngemuva kokufika. |
Ukufakwa kwe-catharanthus nokunakekelwa kwayo endaweni evulekile
| Ipharamitha | Izimfuneko |
| Indawo / Isibani | Imvamisa, imibhede yezimbali enezihlahlana itholakala ohlangothini olunelanga lesakhiwo, empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, isitshalo asithandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okufanele kukhunjulwe lapho ukutshala. |
| Ukushisa | Tshala izithombo emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kuka-+20 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizokufa, sibekezelela ukushisa ngokungafanele, sidinga ukugeleza okungapheli. |
| Umswakama / Ukunisela | Qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile futhi ihlala imanzi. Kepha izinga eliphakeme ngokweqile lithinta i-catharanthus. Ngakho-ke, ngezimvula ezinde nezimvula ezinkulu ngaphezulu kwesihlahla udinga ukwakha itende elikhethekile. |
| Inhlabathi | Kufanele uqale ukhiphe ushiye ukhula. Ungangeza umlotha noma ubumba olwandisiwe ukwenza isihlahla sizizwe sikhululekile kakhudlwana. Ikakhulu katarantus iyayithanda inhlabathi ye-peat, ngakho-ke amaphilisi ambalwa we-peat avame ukufakwa emgodini. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Njalo emavikini amabili, akusekho kaningi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Yehlisa umthamo oshiwo kwimiyalo ngxenye, faka isixazululo esikhishwe ngaphansi kwempande, kungcono ukungasebenzisi umanyolo ebusika. |
Ukufakelwa kweCatharanthus
I-Katarantus idinga ukuthuthwa kabusha ngonyaka, ngoba ikhula ngokushesha. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule kangcono, kufanele usike iziqu ezeluliwe phakathi nobusika njalo entwasahlobo.
Ukuthenwa kukaCatharanthus kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla
Ngenqubo enqunyelwe, izimbali zizovela emavikini ambalwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akunconywa ukugcinwa kwezihlahlana iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilahlekelwa ubukhazikhazi bayo bokuqala, izimbali ziba mncane futhi neziqu ziba buthaka.
Kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ukuvuselela i-catharanthus ngemisiko. Imvamisa cindezela amathiphu we amahlumela ukunikeza isitshalo ukubukeka kwe-organic. Isihlahla sikhula sibheke phezulu futhi sithokozela ngama-inflorescence awo aqhakazekile.
Ukusakazeka kweCatharanthus
Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ekhaya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
- Kufanele kulungiswe isitsha esinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-10 cm, ngoba i-catharanthus inezimpande ezinde, yenza izimbobo zokudonsa ngaphansi ezansi ukuthola amanzi ngokweqile.
- Ngaphambi kokuntywilisela imbewu enhlabathini elungiselelwe, udinga ukuyibamba kusisombululo sika-Epin amahora amabili.
- Amahlumela okuqala kufanele aqhamuke kungakapheli isonto nesigamu, khona-ke imbiza kufanele ibekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle.
- Esikhathini sokukhula kokuqala, i-catharanthus isengcupheni, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka njalo ukugcina izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kune- + 22 ... +23 ° С. Kuthatha inyanga yonke ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidale uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande, yingakho ukukhula kwalo kungabonakali.
- ICatharanthus idinga ukutshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amane aphilile. Yenza lokhu ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ukuze isitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ngemuva kokuqinisa izithombo kuvulandi, zingatshalwa esizeni lapho izinga lokushisa lasemgwaqweni lifinyelela ngaphezulu kuka + 20 ° C. Lezi zimo zihambisana nokujwayelaniswa kwamahlumela futhi zithembisa izimbali ezinhle ngokuzayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi engadini kufanele ibunjiwe kahle futhi ihlanganiswe nobumba olwandisiwe.
Ukusika mhlawumbe kuyindlela elula futhi esebenzayo kunazo zonke. Ukusabalalisa i-catharanthus ngale ndlela, udinga:
- Entwasahlobo, lungiselela amahlumela apical cishe 12 cm ubude.
- Into esemqoka: susa amaqabunga ngezansi bese ubeka isiqu emhlabathini nge-peat, ngemuva kokuwunyakamisa kuqala. Ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lesitshalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu evikelayo noma isembozo sokotshani.
- Emavikini amathathu alandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuphuma umoya bese ufafaza ukusikeka ngamanzi, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi lesi sitshalo sizothatha izimpande.
- Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba lokhu udinga ukumboza umsiki ngesitsha esikhethekile (imbiza noma i-polyethylene) ufafaze nomhlaba cishe ngo-3 cm - okungukuthi, udale izimo zokugcina ukushisa.
- Ukuhluma kwe-catharanthus kungcono kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kodwa abalimi abaningi bama-amateur abanazo izinto ezifanele. Izilimo zingatshalwa (noma zisuse izinto zokuvikela lapho zisuswa emhlabathini ovulekile) lapho amahlumela enika amaqabunga okuqala.
Zimbili zalezi zindlela ezingenhla ezibonakala ngazo engadini nasekhaya. Okulandelayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa lapho kudluliswa isiqinisekiso kusuka kwelinye ibhodwe liye kwesinye.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:
- Isitshalo sikhishwa ebhodweni bese inhlabathi eyeqile inyakazisiwe, emva kwalokho, lapho sesinqume ukuthi zingaki izingxenye zokwahlukanisa i-rhizome (lokhu kuya ngosayizi wayo, imvamisa izingxenye ezi-3-4), ezisikiwe ngommese ongaphambi kokungcola.
- Ukuvimbela i-katarantus, kufakwa i-antiseptic noma i-activated carbon ezigabeni.
- Ekupheleni kwenqubo, izitshalo eziphumayo zibekwa ezitsheni ngazinye.
Indlela ibanzi, ngoba umphumela uyi-catharanthus yabantu abadala evumelana nezimo ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokukhula ngokuphelele kohlelo olusha lwezimpande (cishe amasonto amathathu), lesi sitshalo singabekwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona lapho unakekela i-catharanthus, izifo kanye nezinambuzane
| Ukubonakaliswa | Izizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Amabala amnyama emaqabungeni. Isifo: ukugqwala. | Ukugeleza ngokweqile. | Futha nge fungicides. Dlulisela isihlahla enhlabathini entsha. |
| Yellowness kumaqabunga. | Umoya owomile ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka komswakama ofanele. | Khulisa imvamisa yokufafaza noma ukubeka isoso ngamanzi eduze kwesitshalo. |
| Amahlamvu weSwing Swift | Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile. Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kuthinta kabi i-catharanthus, yingakho lesi sitshalo siphelelwe amandla bese sifa. | Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. |
| Kuvela iwebhu emsileni. Isiqu siyabuna futhi siphele. Pest: isicabucabu mite. | Izindawo ezomile nezishisayo zilungele ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sivele. Izikhala zesicabucabu zisakaza izifo, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sife phambi kwamehlo. | Ukucubungula ngama-insecticides ("Akarin", "Bitoksibacillin" nabanye), ukufafaza njalo. Ukwenza i-prophylaxis, ukwelapha isihlahla ngamanzi anensipho |
| Ukuqedwa kwamahlamvu aqhakaza izimbali nocekelayo. | Imbiza ye-catharanthus incane kakhulu; izimpande zayo azinandawo yokuthuthukela phambili. | Dlulisa isitshalo esitsheni esijulile. |
UMnu. Dachnik uxwayisa: ikataractus isitshalo esisebenzayo futhi esiyingozi
Kusetshenziswa amahlumela aphezulu we-cataractus pink njengezinto zokwelapha zokwenziwa, amaqabunga - ukukhiqizwa kwamalungiselelo ekhemisi. Izitshalo zivunwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo (Agasti-Septhemba), ngoba izimbali zenzeka esihlahleni ngalesi sikhathi, futhi zonke izinto eziwusizo ziqongelela kuso isiqu namaqabunga. Ziyasikwa futhi zomiswe ngamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-+50 ° C (ezomisiwe ezikhethekile). ICatharanthus ingagcina izakhiwo zokuphilisa iminyaka emithathu, emva kwalokho iba yize.
Kuyisiko ukusebenzisa i-shrub njenge-antibacterial, antitumor, i-antihypertensive agent. I-tincture evela kuyo isiza ngesifo sikashukela, i-fibroids, i-endometriosis, ukungazali inzalo ngisho ne-hemorrhoids. Kusetshenziswe futhi i-pink catharanthus uwoyela ne-serum esekwe kuyo, ezilwa nokutheleleka kwezifo zokukhunta, izilonda kanye nezinye izifo zesikhumba. Kwamanye amazwe, ngisho ne-scurvy iphathwa ngalesi sitshalo.
Is shrub inobuthi futhi, uma isetshenziswe ngokungafanele, ingalimaza, ingasizakali.
