Esikhathini esingekude kangako, izithelo eziningi ezingaziwa zazingaziwa ezakhamuzini zezwe lethu: igama lazo noma ukubukeka. Namuhla, izitolo zinikeza ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abagxile ekutshaleni izingadi nezimbali zasendlini ezikhulayo bafuna ukutshala izitshalo ezingakhuli esimweni sezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ekhaya noma ezweni. Enye yalesi sitshalo exotic yi-feijoa. Kuyavela ukuthi lesi sihlahla esiseningizimu sisinda ngokulondeka ezindaweni zethu zokugcina, kodwa ekhaya kuphela.
Incazelo feijoa
I-Feijoa isihlahla noma isihlahla esincane esitshalwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwethropiki. Ungowomndeni wakwaMirtov. Lesi sitshalo si-zasendle, sitholakala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Ngokukhethwa isikhathi eside, izinhlobo zasendlini ezingatshalwa ekhaya kufasitela nazo zazifuywa.
I-Feijoa inamaqabunga oblong, kusuka phezulu abushelelezi, aluhlaza ngombala omnyama, kusuka ngezansi - grey, embozwe nge-fluff light. Izimbali zingakhula ngawodwana, ngababili noma ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence kusuka kuzicucu eziningana. Ama-petals amhlophe emaphethelweni, apinki eduze nendawo, kunenqwaba yama-stamens.
Izithelo ze-feijoa yi-berry, enamanzi futhi enamanzi, embozwe ngethanga (imibala ukusuka ophuzi kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani). Ukunambitheka kwabo kukhumbuza ngasikhathi sinye uphayinaphu, i-kiwi ne-sitrobheli wasendle.
Izithelo ze-Feijoa ziqukethe ushukela amaningi owusizo, ama-organic acid. Futhi bacebile nge-iodine, esefomini elikhona kakhulu le-bioavaav. Kuyiqiniso, ososayensi bathole ukuthi okuqukethwe yile nto ewusizo yomkhondo kuncike kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo. I-feijoa kuphela ekhule eduze nolwandle engaziqhayisa ngenani elikhulu le-iodine. Futhi nasezithelweni kukhona ama-ascorbic amaningi nama-malic acid, i-pectin, i-fiber. Kwatholakala ukuthi aqukethe izinto ezivimbela i-carcinogenesis. Okusebenziseka kakhulu kulokhu, i-peel engavamisile ukudliwa.
Ungadli i-feijoa ekudleni kulabo abangayikhathaleli izinto ezakha ukwakheka kwayo.
Okuqukethwe okwanele okwanele kwama-carbohydrate ezithelo kungalimaza abantu abanokukhuluphala kwamadigri wesibili noma ngaphezulu, kanye nabanesifo sikashukela.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Feijoa ekhaya
Ukukhulisa i-feijoa esimweni sezulu saseRussia akunzima kakhulu, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe.
Ukushisa
Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga + 20 ... +25 ° C. Imbiza yezimbali ingakhiphelwa ngaphandle kuvulandi noma ibekwe ngaphandle, kepha ihlale isendaweni evikelekile kokusalungiswa.
IFeijoa ayidingi ukushisa okuphezulu ngenkathi ebandayo; ingagcinwa cishe ngo-+15 ° C. Kusungulwe ukuthi izihlahlana zasendle kanye nezilinyiwe ze-feijoa zingabekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-10 ° C. Kodwa ukudalula imbali yangaphakathi emithwalweni engathi sína akusifanele.
Isibani
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-feijoa yi-subtropics, lapho kun khona ilanga eliningi, ukushisa kanye nomswakama. Isitshalo esingaphakathi kwendlu sidinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokukhanya okwanele: kungcono ukuyibeka efasiteleni kusuka ohlangothini olunelanga noma ikhiphe umgwaqo endaweni enokhanyayo.
Uma kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele kuye, angabuna futhi afe. E-feijoa yasebusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukwelula amahora emini.
Inhlabathi
Izidingo zenhlabathi aziphezulu kakhulu, kepha-ke, ekukhuleni okungcono kanye nentuthuko, usadinga ukulungiselela isigcawu esikhethekile se-feijoa.
Ukuqanjwa kwalo kahle ngesilinganiso se-6: 4: 1: 1, ngokulandelana:
- umhlaba wefudu;
- humus;
- isihlabathi somfula:
- umquba ovuthiwe.
Ukutshala imbewu kusuka ekhaya kudinga ukulungiselela inhlabathi ehlukile kancane. Ukuze imbewu ikhule kahle, kufanele itshalwe endaweni engezansi (isilinganiso 2: 2: 1, ngokulandelana):
- Peat;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- isihlabathi.
Ukunisela
Esimweni sezulu esingaseningizimu, ikakhulukazi ogwini lolwandle nolwandle, kunomswakama omningi emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, i-feijoa yangaphakathi nayo idinga umswakama ophezulu nokunisela okuningi. Uma igumbi linomoya owomile kakhulu, lizoqala ukulahla amaqabunga, lome ngaphandle, futhi lingafa ngokuphelele.
Esikhathini esishisayo, kufanele iniselwe kaningi, ingavumeli ukuthi umhlaba wome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi fafaza i-feijoa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza. Ekamelweni lapho imbiza imi khona, ungabeka iziqukathi eziningana ngamanzi noma ubeke umswakama okhethekile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-feijoa idinga ngempela ukondleka okhethekile Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kufanele zenziwe okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-2, ngezigaba. Kokubili Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic kuyadingeka. Okokuqala, umhlabathi kumele ucetshiswe ngokugqoka okuphezulu okusekwe nitrogen (izithoni zezinyoni noma i-mullein), ngemuva kwamasonto amabili usebenzise i-potash (ngokwesibonelo, umlotha wokhuni), futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esifanayo - i-superphosphate. Isikhathi ngasinye, Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe ngemuva kokunisela okuningi.
Ukufakelwa nokuthena
Isitshalo esingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu sidinga ukufakelwa kanye ngonyaka. Imbali endala kufanele itshalwe njengoba kudingeka, njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho kudingeka ukuthatha umthamo obanzi ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lukhule ngokukhululeka. I-feijoa ayidingi ukufakelwa okuphelele: ingadluliselwa ngokucophelela kanye nesigaxa sobumba kusuka embizeni iye kwesinye. Njengoba ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo ibuthaka kakhulu, kufanelekile ukufakelwa komunye umuntu ngosizo lomunye umuntu.
Ukuze i-feijoa yangaphakathi ijabulise iso, umqhele wayo kufanele unqanyulwe kahle.
Ukwakheka kwesihlahla esijwayelekile akuyona into elula. Isitembu umgqomo oyisicaba owenziwe ngomqhele owenziwe umqhele wesimo esithile esihle. Amagatsha angeziwe kufanele akhishwe ngezikhathi ezithile, okungathatha isikhashana. Lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ubude obudingekayo, okuphezulu kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Ngemuva kokususwa kwayo, amahlumela aseceleni azokhula. Nazo zidinga ukwelulwa, kancane kancane zakha umqhele.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwesitshalo esingafani nezinye
Ukusakazeka kwe-Feijoa kungenziwa ngokutshala imbewu, ukusika noma ukuhlukanisa amahlumela ezimpande. Vele, indlela elula yokuthola lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola i-feijoa akwenzeki njalo. Kulokhu, ungathenga izithelo esitolo futhi uthole imbewu yokutshala. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha amajikijolo wokuvuthwa okugcwele. Akufanele zibe zincane noma zibe ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu ngeke ikhule.
Okuqukethwe yisibeletho kumele kufakwe kancane, bese kufakwa esosheni bese uthela amanzi, noma okungcono - isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu isukile epulpiti, kufanele igezwe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese yomile. Umile ngokuphelele ungatshalwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe.
Imbewu ibekwa ekujuleni okungashoni (cishe u-0.5 cm) bese imbozwa ngesiqukathi sefilimu noma ingilazi ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Lapho isithombo sinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu amaqabunga, kufanele sidluliselwe ngokucophelela ebhodweni elihlukile.
Ukusika kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, etholakala ngokusebenza kuphela kubalimi abanolwazi. Abaqalayo kulolu daba bangcono ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilula. Amahlumela anezimpawu ezinqunyiwe anqunywa kusitshalo esidala. Ubude besibambo kufanele bube cishe yi-10 cm, kubalulekile ukuthi ngakunye babo bekukhona izinso ezi-2-3.
Amaqabunga avela kumagatsha asikiwe, kusale abambalwa kuphela abaphezulu. Umhlabathi wokusikwa kwe-midzio unjalo ngokuhluma imbewu. Amahlumela atshalwe enhlabathini enomswakama, kusale ingxenye yesithathu yokusikwa okungaphezulu kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba ebhodweni uniselwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ungasebenzisa noma isiphi isivuseleli sezimpande (isibonelo, iCornevin).
Ukubamba imbala kuthatha isikhathi eside impela, cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Lapho kuqala ukuqhakaza emagatsheni, ungadlulisela izitshalo ezimbizeni ezihlukile.
Izimbali ze-Feijoa nezithelo
I-Feijoa blooms kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni-Julayi. Izimbali ezinemibala emine, ezinamaphawu amhlophe-apinki, phakathi nendawo kunenombolo enkulu yama-stamens abomvu. Izimbali, njengomthetho, zinde, zingahlala amasonto angama-3-4.
Ukuze ungazidaleli ezinye izinkinga, kungcono ukuzikhethela izinhlobo zokuzenzisisa ngokwakho. Lapho-ke izithelo ziyophola ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwemizamo eyengeziwe yomuntu.
Uma enye inhlobonhlobo isikhulile, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye (okungenani ezimbili). Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimbali nge-brashi ekhethekile, udinga ukuqoqa impova kusuka kwesinye isitshalo bese uyibeka kuma-stamens kwesinye.
I-feijoa esekhulile ekhaya ingamuncwa ngokunambitheka. Zivela kuphela ezihlahlisweni, iminyaka emi-4-5 yokuphila.
Izinambuzane, izifo ze-feijoa
Njengezinye izimbali zasendlini, i-feijoa ingathola ukhunta noma ihlaselwe yizilokazane. Isizathu salokhu kuvame ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Ukwelapha isikhunta kuzosiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezifweni zokukhunta. Zingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile.
Lapho usebenzisa umuthi, kufanele ulandele imiyalo ngokuqinile.
Tinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-feijoa yi-pseudoscutum, i-spider mite ne-mealybug. Ungabhekana nowokuqala ngezindlela eziningi. Lapho izinambuzane sezitholakele, udinga ukuwaphatha kahle amaqabunga ngesisombululo se-soapy. Ngasikhathi sinye, qiniseka ukuthi akashayi phansi emhlabathini ebhodweni.
Uma le ndlela ingasizi, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla, isibonelo, iKarbofos. Kumele ihlanjululwe ngesilinganiso esingu-6 g nge litre ngalinye lamanzi, bese isifafaza ngeqabunga ngalinye. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kathathu, kuthathe ikhefu phakathi kokufafazwa ngesonto.
Njengomthetho, isicabucabu esibomvu sithinta izitshalo eziqukethe umoya omswakama onganele noma umswakama omhlaba. Ukuze ulwe nayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-aceltic celtan. Kusetshenziswa ngokuchasene nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhaza ezitshalweni zezithelo. I-2 g yesidakamizwa kumele ihlanjululwe kwilitha lamanzi bese sicubungula ngokucophelela zonke izingxenye ze-feijoa. Kungcono ukukhetha usuku olunamafu lokufafaza nge-anti-mite noma ukuthwala isitshalo kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, emthunzini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaqabunga namahlumela angasha kakhulu.
IMealybug akuvamile ukuthelela i-feijoa. Uma lokhu kwenzekile, khona-ke noma yisiphi isinambuzane siyosiza ukubhekana nale nkinga.
I-Feijoa ayilethi kuphela izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo, kodwa futhi isebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wezangaphakathi wanoma yiliphi ikhaya. Ngesikhathi sezimbali, uyogcwalisa igumbi ngephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Ukutshala isitshalo akunzima kangako, ngisho nomlimi oqalayo angakwenza.
