Enye ye-genera edume kakhulu ye-cacti yi-echinocactus noma i-cactus echinopsis. Isitshalo esine-stem enamandla endabuko ogwadule lwaseMexico, singatholakala nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ntshonalanga ye-United States.
Ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwegama kukhombisa izici zangaphandle. "I-Hedgehog cactus" inesiqu esindilinga esikhulu, sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-3. Simbozwe ngezinaliti ezinkulu, sifana ne-hedgehog.
Lolu hlobo lwe-cactus lufuyelwa efulethini. Uma enikezwe ukunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya, uqhakaza kahle kakhulu, hhayi ngaphansi kwezimbali zemvelo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, i-echinocactus isetshenziswa ekutshaleni izingadi zasekhaya ezingadini zasekhaya.
Incazelo evamile ye-echinocactus
ICactus echinocactus ingeyama-spherical anculents (umndeni weCactus). Emvelweni kufinyelela usayizi omkhulu. Okokuqala, iziqu zesitshalo zinokwakheka okuyindilinga okuyikho, bese zelulwa.
Njengomphumela, bafana nesihlahla semitha lesi-3 nesibalo sobude obungafika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Iningi labantu ebabone ngokoqobo ogwadule lwaseMojave noma isithombe esisezimeni zemvelo bangaqhathanisi ukuthi sikhuluma ngesitshalo esifanayo abaningi abanaso ekhaya.
Ama-Succulents azizwa emnandi ngaphandle kokunisela. Ngokuya kocwaningo oluthile, babamba imisebe ka-elekthronikhi kusuka kumagajethi we-elekthronikhi, bavikela umsebenzisi emiphumeleni eyingozi.
Izici Key:
- Isimo esiyindilinga ezitshalweni ezincane ezinamabhuleki amaningi avela (cishe izingcezu ezingama-50 ezinhlotsheni ngazinye) ezinomgogodla. Ngobudala, welula.
- Ama-arenes makhulu.
- Izimbali ezibomvu, zipinki futhi ziphuzi nge-pubescence. Ibonakala phezulu (kwesinye isikhathi enemisebe eminingwaneni eminingana), inama-petals amancane, ahlisiwe.
- Iminyaka yezitshalo ngazinye ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-500.
- Isisindo esiphezulu - 1 t.
Izinhlobo ze-Echinocactus
| Isihloko | Amapharamitha omzimba | Izimbali Nezimo Zomhlaba |
| I-Echinocactus gruzoni (Echinocactus grusonii) | Ububanzi bufika ku-40 cm, kukhona izikhala ezibukhali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ezifika ku-30 mm, phakathi nendawo - kuze kufike ku-50 mm. Phezulu ngama-bristles amhlophe. Imvamisa inezimbambo ezingama-35-45. Iba ngaphezulu, igcina ububanzi bayo ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-13. | Ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile ekhaya, kungaqhuma, kepha kwenzeka kakhulu. |
| I-Echinocactus squamulus (Echinocactus platyacanthus) | Ukuphakama emvelweni kungamamitha ayi-2 ububanzi ngobubanzi. Imisebe ye-Radial grey efinyelela ku-45 mm ngosayizi. 3-4 maphakathi - kuze kufike ku-45 mm. Inezimbali eziphuzi ezenziwe ngombala we-corolla kuze kube ngu-40 mm ubude emqheleni. | Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinamatshe asezindaweni eziseningizimu, ezindaweni zokugcina izinto. Iqhakaza kaningi efulethini. |
| I-Echinocactus flat spherical, ovundlile (Echinocactus horonthalonius) | Ububanzi bufika kuma-23 cm, izimbambo zisontwe zaba Kuvunguza. Lesi sitshalo esincane sinezikhala ezi-6 ezifulethini kubambo. Imiphunga esemncane ibubomvu, ekugcineni ithole umbala wewolintshi. Izimbali zeLilac ezine-tint ebomvu kufika ku-40 mm ngosayizi ziyavela kumqhele we-fluffy. | Amabhuloho efulethi ngempumelelo, asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ukubamba izingadi ezincane zasebusika. Yenza ukufika kufinyeleleke ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yezinhlaka ezikhanyayo. |
| I-Echinocactus polycephalus (Echinocactus polycephalus) | Ukuphakama kufike ku-70 cm, kukhula kakhulu ngamaqembu. Isiqu saso sinezimbambo ezingafika ku-20, imisebe ye-radial - 50 mm, maphakathi - kuze kube ngu-60 mm. Imiphunga yombala we-ocher ibonwa kusukela ohlangothini njengombala opinki, kwesinye isikhathi izivikelo ziphuzi. ICactus ikhiqiza izimbali eziphuzi emqhele kanye ne-whisk efinyelela ku-60 mm. | Cishe ayiqhakaza ekhaya. |
| Izindatshana ze-Echinocactus | Isiqu, esiyindilinga, esifulelwe kancane esifinyelela ku-30 cm ububanzi endaweni ephakeme sifinyelela kuma-20 cm sinama-rkber ayi-13- 24, umqhele umhlophe qwa. Umgogodla ophakathi nendawo ufinyelela kuma-60 mm; izimbobo zemisebe ezingamakhompiyutha zide zifike ku-40 mm ubude. Izimbali zinombala opinki ophuzi, onophawu olubomvu. | Kusetshenziswa emhlobisweni wokutshala komhlaba wezingadi zasebusika. Izimbali ziqhakazile futhi zihle kakhulu. |
| I-Echinocactus parry (Echinocactus parryi) | Isiqu saso sinombala ompunga ngombala, obude obungaba ngamasentimitha angama-30. Isibalo sezimbambo sikhuphukele ku-15. Sine-6 kuya ku-11 i-radiological spines, i-4 phakathi nendawo. Ezitshalweni ezincane, ama-spines apinki-brown, bese athola umbala omhlophe. Izimpande zivame ukubola. | Ukukhula kunzima, ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya kunamaqembu amahle wesimo sendawo. Ukuhluma ezimeni ezifuywayo kuphansi. Imvelaphi yaseNyakatho neMexico. |
| U-Echinocactus unamakhanda amaningi (J.M. Bigelow) | Indlu ifinyelela cm 70 cm. Inezinaliti ezinde ezinhle zemibala ehlukene: obomvu-nsundu, obomvu noma ophuzi, inani lezimbambo laze laba yizicucu ezingama-20. | Kusatshalaliswa ogwadule lwaseMojave. Kusetshenziswa njengembali yokuhlobisa engaphakathi. |
Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi i-cactus egcwele inaliti ebanzi (i-Ferocactus latispinus) ayiyona eye-echinocactus. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cacti, stapelia, thaumsters, echinocereus nazo ziyathandwa.
Izici zokukhula kwe-echinocactus nokuyinakekela
I-Echinocactus empeleni ayidingi ukunakekelwa, ikhula kancane.
Wonke ama-cacti athande ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo, awesabi ilanga nezinguquko zokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okugcina kungambangela ukuba afe. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sinombala, bese sidluliselwa elangeni.
Isibani
I-Cacti ithande ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Bazizwa bebangcono endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Babekezelela ukushisa kahle kakhulu. Isiqu sivame ukunwebela isibani, ngakho-ke isitshalo sijikeleziswa njalo.
Naphezu kokuzithoba, uma umnikazi enesifiso sokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwewadi yakhe, udinga ukucabanga ngokukhanyisa.
I-Echinocactus red rusty izwela ikakhulu ukukhanya. Ngokukhanya kosuku olude, umbala wayo uya ukhanya futhi ugcwala ngokwengeziwe. Lesi yisici esingajwayelekile noma esingaphansi sazo zonke i-echinocactus.
Ukushisa
Uma kucatshangelwa isibonelo sesifo se-echinocactus saseGeorgia ekhaya, kufanele kuphawulwe isidingo sokugcina umbuso wokushisa. Uzozwa kahle engadini ebusika nasefasiteleni eliseningizimu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe batusa ukunikeza ibanga lokushisa elidingekayo. Entwasahlobo, ama-cacti athathwa ayiswa kuvulandi noma kwelinye igumbi elipholile.
| Imodi yokushisa | Izimo zokuboshwa |
| + 18 ... +23 ° C | Ngentwasahlobo / ehlobo (uma kungaphezulu kwe-+30 ° C - kunesikhathi sokuphumula). |
| + 10 ... +12 ° C | Ukuwa / ubusika |
| + 7 ... +8 ° C | Ukwehluka okuvumelekile kokushisa kwansuku zonke okufana nensimu ebusika. |
| ngaphansi kuka +8 ° C | Isitshalo siyafa. |
Ukunisela, umswakama
Ehlobo, ukuchelela isitshalo akudingeki ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga.
Izikhathi zokunisela ngesikhathi esibandayo zanda cishe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-2,5. Lokhu kudinga amanzi okushisa wekamelo anga- chlorini. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi kancane, kepha ingabi manzi kakhulu. Ukunisela kumiswa ku + 15 ° C.
Inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu
Komanyolo, kusetshenziswa izingoma zokunciphiselwa ama-unsulents, ngesizini zondliwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ukusuka ku-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ungakhuphula inani lezinto zokugqoka, ufake umanyolo njalo emavikini ama-3. I-Echinocactus gruzona enenhlabathi enomsoco iyaqhakaza. Ngale njongo, kuyadingeka ukuvuselela umhlaba, usebenzisa i-substrate kusuka ku-turf, sheet sheet, pumice, isihlabathi namalahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwanele, imibala ekhanyayo yemikhanzi inikezela uma inisela ngodayi.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwe-cactus kuyadingeka entwasahlobo, kanye njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-5, ikakhulukazi ukuvuselela inhlabathi eseqediwe.
Ngalezi zinhloso, isendlalelo esetshenziselwa ama-unsulents, angahle alungiselelwe ngokuzimele ngenani elilinganayo lephepha, umhlaba wesod, isihlabathi, ipumice enhle namalahle.
Njalo lapho zidluliselwa esitsheni esitsha, esizinzile esinobubanzi obukhulu bebhodwe. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obukhulu empeleni azidingi ukubuyekeza i-substrate.
Inqubo yokufaka:
- izinto zokudonsa amanzi zibekwe phansi;
- khipha inhlabathi endala ezimpandeni ze-cactus ukuvikela i-acidization;
- ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kokujula ngokweqile emhlabathini olungiselelwe.
Izimbali
Ama-bloch we-Echinocactus akuqabukanga, ama-buds avela kuphela kwezinye izinhlobo zabantu abadala kusukela eminyakeni engama-20. Izimbali ziyavela emqheleni, imvamisa entwasahlobo.
Ukuzala
Ukukhishwa kabusha kwe-echinocactus kwenziwa ngosizo lwezingane kanye nembewu.
Izingane
Kaningi, izingane azakhi emgqeni, ikakhulukazi ku-hudson.
Ukuvusa i-cactus, kufanele ilimale kancane. Kulokhu, imihuzuko embalwa engajulile yanele, ngomonakalo omkhulu isitshalo siyogula bese siqala ukubola.
Izingane ezitsalela izimpande:
- bahlukaniswe beneminyaka eyisithupha noma unyaka;
- okwezinsuku ezi-2-3 ushiye emoyeni unezimpande ezihlikiwe emhlabathini;
- otshalwe esihlabathini esithulwe noma esihlanganisiwe se-peat ngesihlabathi, faka inhlabathi bese ulungisa ingane ngamazinyo;
- emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, zidluliselwe ebhodweni elikhulu.
Imbewu
Lapho kukhula i-echinocactus kusuka imbewu, impahla itshalwa enhlabathini ngasekupheleni kobusika (uFebhuwari). Ngalezi zinhloso, sebenzisa i-substrate yenhlabathi evulekile, ingxube yeqabunga leqabunga nesihlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.
Imbewu ibekwa ngokulinganayo phezu kwenhlabathi yesitsha, kufafazwe kancane ngomhlaba, kufafazwe bese kumbozwe ifilimu. I-greenhouse ibekwe efasiteleni futhi inakekelwa ekushiseni kwe- + 26 ... +30 ° C. Imbewu iqhuma ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Zigcinwa ku-greenhouse enye inyanga, khona-ke izitshalo ezincane zijwayele izimo zasendlini.
UMnu Dachnik uxwayisa: izifo nezinambuzane ze-echinocactus
Izifo ezinkulu ze-cactus zihlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa okungalungile.
Lokhu kuvame ukuzibonakalisa kungalindele, uphawu lomonakalo yizingane ezinamabala amnyama, omile. Kulokhu, zigxilwe ngokushesha. Uma i-cactus iphola, amahlumela amasha asele endaweni yakhe.
I-Echinocactus ivame ukuthinteka izibungu zesicabucabu, izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngazo. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, lesi sitshalo sigezwa kahle ngamanzi afudumele kahle, amboza inhlabathi ngefilimu.
Ezinye izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane:
- ukuxubha;
- ukufafaza ugwayi;
- uma kulimala isitshalo ngama-parasites wezimpande noma imikhaza - ukuchelela ngesisombululo se-Actellic izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga (izikhathi ezingama-2-3 zilandelana kwanele).
Ungazibona kanjani izinambuzane:
- izibungu zibukeka njengesinambuzane esincane esimbozwe ngumbala we-wax;
- imikhaza ibonakala kahle ngesimo samachashaza ansundu noma abomvu, ngaphansi kwawo ungabona ukulimala okufe esiqwini se-cactus;
- Ama-Scabies anombala wesiliva-grey, osabalalisa izifo fungal.
Izitshalo ezigulayo zihlala zihlukaniswe zodwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-echinocactus
Izitshalo ze-Echinocactus zisetshenziswa ekubonakaleni komhlaba nasengadini engaphakathi. Ukuxubha okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo ze-cactus zeminyaka ehlukile kubukeka kahle. Ngaphakathi, bathuthukisa amandla.
EMexico, izithelo ezinamaswidi (ama-bisagnaga) nama-dessert alungiswa kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezithile. I-pulp ebizwa nge-asitron nayo ingezelelwa inyama esikhundleni semifino.
