IStreptocarpus (Streptocarpus) iyisitshalo esikhwantayo, esibonakala ngokuqhakaza okuningi okuvela kwezimbali kanye nama-inflorescence okuqala afana nentsimbi ende esesimweni. Ungowomndeni wakwaGesneriev futhi uyisihlobo esiseduzane sama-Uzambara violets. Kepha uma ngiqhathanisa nabo, kuba nzima futhi kungathetheleli kokushiya, okungeza abalandeli phakathi kwabalimi nabathandi.
Incazelo ye-streptocarpus
Endle, ama-streptocarpuses atholakala ngohlobo lwama-epiphytes noma ama-lithophytes akhula kwezinye izitshalo noma ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Abamele labo baqala ukutholwa nguJames Bowie ngonyaka we-1818 ezintabeni zesifundazwe saseCape eseningizimu ne-Afrika, lapho kwaqhamuka khona igama lesibili - i-primrose yaseCape.
Zivame ukudidaniswa nama-violets angaphakathi ngenxa yesakhiwo esifanayo:
- i-microus rhizome ebunjiwe itholakala ungqimba lomhlaba ongenhla bese idlulela ekuqineni ngaphandle kwesiqu;
- ezansi kuqala i-rosette yamaqabunga okusaqanda enendawo engama-wavy, engaphezulu kwe-velvet;
- kuma-axils eqabunga ngalinye kukhona ama-inflorescence aqukethe izihluma eziningana ze-tubular;
- imbali inama-petals amahlanu wombala othile, futhi ifinyelela cm 2-10 cm;
- ngenxa yokuvunda, unikeza isithelo ngesimo sethanga elisontekile eliqukethe inqwaba yembewu ngaphakathi.
Funda futhi i-athikili esegumbini le-violet noma i-senpolia.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-streptocarpuses:
- Amaqabunga awanembe, abe ne-rosette enamaqabunga amabili noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi. Zihlala zisetshenziswa njalo, zivame kakhulu futhi zithandwa ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zasekhaya.
- I-Univalent - eneqabunga elilodwa elikhula ngokuqondile kusuka ezimpandeni, ngokuvamile likhulu impela. Zi-monocarpic, zife ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nembewu esethiwe. Izinhlobo ze-perennial zikhiqiza ipuleti leshidi elisha ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu omdala efa.
- Abamele isiqu bahlukaniswa yisiqu esiguquguqukayo esinendawo enobunzima. Ziya emhlabathini futhi ziqine kakhulu, ziyaqhakaza ngombala ongashisi.
Baqala ukuqhakaza kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, kodwa ngokunakekela okufanele bangajabulisa ukuqothuka noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-streptocarpus
IStreptocarpus ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningi ahlukene ngesimo, ukuthungwa, umbala wamaqabunga ne-inflorescence. Emaqenjini eziguquko zemvelo, umbala wamahlumela unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi, kuyilapho lawo ma-hybrid enokuhlukahluka okuhlukile.
| Thayipha / ukwehluka | Kushiya | Izimbali |
| Ngokwemvelo | ||
| I-Rex Royal (rexii) | Izinwele, ziluhlaza okukhanyayo, kuze kube ngu-25 cm ngo-5 cm, zihlanganiswe esokisini. | Amaphayipele ngemivimbo onsomi ngaphakathi, imvamisa iphediwe. Amadayimitha kufika ku-2,5 cm, avele ayi-20 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. |
| Rocky (saxorum) | Ukukhanya, 25 kuya ku-30 mm, okusaqanda futhi akuvamile ukuba noboya. Itholakala kuma-stems aguquguqukayo afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude. | Umbala onsomi onsomi onesiphundu esimaphakathi neqhwa. Okukhulu kunamaqabunga. Qhakaza izingcezu ezimbalwa kuma-peduncle, afinyelele ku-7 cm. |
| I-Wendland (wendlandii) | Okuwukuphela, kufinyelela ku-60 ngo-90 cm, kupende onsomi ngezansi. Ifa ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. | Imbobo emise okomsebenzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi enemithambo emnyama ngaphakathi, ifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-5 cm. Izingcezu eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20 zihlelwe ngeziqu ezingafakwanga ezifana namaqabunga e-fern. |
| Okumhlophe qhwa | Iminyene, iluhlaza okomnyama, ifinyelela ku-15 ngo-45 cm ngosayizi. | Amaningi, amhlophe, anokhilimu noma amabala aphuzi, imigqa ebubende. 25 mm ubude. |
| Okukhulu (grandis) | Eyokuqala, ifinyelela ku-0.3 ngo-0.4 m. | Engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu kuze kufike ku-0.5 m ubude, i-inflemcence inflemcose. Umbala upende onsomi nge pharynx emnyama kanye nesindebe esimhlophe esimhlophe. |
| Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyaneus) | I-Rosette, iluhlaza okotshani. | UViolet opinki, onemivimbo ephuzi ephakathi nendawo onsomi. Kuqoqwe ama-buds ama-2 esiqubeni esingama-15 cm amade. |
| I-Primrose (polyanthus) | Okuwukuphela, i-velvety, efinyelela ku-0,3 m ubude, embozwe ngenqwaba emhlophe. | I-Pale lavender-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enendawo ephakathi nendawo, efinyelela ku-4 cm ngosayizi, ifana ne-keyhole esesimweni. |
| UJohann (johannis) | I-fleecy eluhlaza, 10 cm ngo-45. Khula nge-rosette. | Encane, ifinyelela ku-18 mm ubude. Bluish-nsomi ngesikhungo esikhanyayo. Kufika ezingcezwini ezingama-30 esiqwini esiqondile. |
| I-canvas (holstii) | Amahlumela enyama futhi agobekayo afinyelela isigamu semitha, amaqabunga ancibilikisiwe, angama-40-50 mm lilinye, ahlukile kuwo. | I-Purple, eneshubhu elimhlophe le-corolla, cishe amasentimitha angu-2,5-3. |
| I-Glandulosissimus (glandulosissimus) | Luhlaza omnyama, okusaqanda. | Kusuka kumnyama okwesibhakabhaka kuya onsomi. Itholakala ku-peduncle kufinyelela ku-15 cm. |
I-Primrose (primulifolius) | Eminyene, embozwe ngezinwele ezi-sparse. | Ungabi ngaphezu kwezicucu ezi-4 esiqwini esingamasentimitha angama-25. Faka umbala kusuka kokumhlophe okusa onsomi, onamachashazi nemivimbo. |
| UDunn (dunnii) | Iqabunga kuphela elinobumba obukhulu, cishe ngaphandle kwe-petiole. | Ubomvu obumbaxa, uthambekele phansi, butholakala esiqwini esingamasentimitha angama-25. Qhakaza isikhashana (phakathi nenkathi yehlobo). |
| I-Pickaxe (kirkii) | Encane, ubude be-5 cm nobubanzi obungu-2,5-3 cm | I-inflorescence ephansi, hhayi ephakeme kuno-15 cm, inesimo sesambulela nombala onsundu we-lilac. |
| I-Hybrid | ||
| I-Crystal Ice | Luhlaza omnyama, mncane futhi mude. | Kukhanya ngemithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eqhakaza ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke. |
| Albatross | Mnyama, uyindilinga futhi mncane. | Imhlophe qhwa, ngeziqu eziphakeme. |
| I-Corps de ballet (Umugqa weChorus) | Luhlaza okotshani. | I-Terry, enama-veins akhanyayo onsomi onsundu. |
| Izinwele | I-Rosette yamaqabunga amade ambalwa. | I-Lilac enemivimbo emnyama nemithambo, imiphetho eyenziwe ngamaphayini. |
| Imnyama | Oval, luhlaza okukhanyayo. | I-Velvety, i-violet emnyama, enentaba emthambekeni onsomi omnyama namabala amnyama, afinyelela ku-8-9 cm ubude. |
| Impophoma | Imiphetho eyindilinga, isisekelo se-velvety, sincane futhi sibude. | Ama-petals angenhla ane-violet ne-wavy, ephansi enemifudlana e-nsomi nokuthungwa. Cishe i-7-8 cm ubukhulu, kuze kube yizicucu ezi-10 ngesiqu ngasinye. |
| Iphathi laseHawaii | Ukhungathekile, wehliselwa phansi. | Terry pinkish nge-mesh ebomvu ebomvu kanye namachashazi. I-5-6 cm ngayinye, esiqwini eside. |
| UMargarita | Iboshwe phansi, i-fleecy, enemiphetho ye-wavy. | I-Huge, efinyelela ku-10 cm, aminyene we-hue aminyene nangamaza amakhulu amakhulu. |
| Imbali yePandora | I-Rosette, enkulu. | I-Violet enemivimbo emnyama nomngcele omncane wokukhanya, onamagagasi amakhulu ezinsimbi. |
Nakekela i-streptocarpus ekhaya
I-primrose yaseCape ayibizi kangako kune-violet yangaphakathi. Ukuyinakekela ekhaya kubandakanya ukukhethwa kokubekwa kahle, ukuqinisekisa umswakama owanele emoyeni nasenhlabathini.
| I-Factor | Isikhathi | |
| Intwasahlobo / ihlobo | Ukuwa / ubusika | |
| Indawo / Isibani | Ukukhanya okusabalale okuhle kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwemisebe yelanga eqondile. Kuyafaneleka ukubeka imbali emafasiteleni, kumakholoni noma kuma-loggias abheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga. | Beka imbiza eduze naseningizimu. Uma kunokuntuleka kwemini, sebenzisa ukukhanya kwemini noma ama-phytolamp ukwelula amahora we-daylight kuya emahoreni ayi-14. |
| Ukushisa | I-Optimum + 20 ... +27 ° C. Gwema ukushisa okwedlulele, amakamelo we-ventilate njalo. | Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, yehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane kancane. Umkhawulo ovumelekile ngu- +14 ... +18 ° C |
| Umswakama | Cishe i-65-70%. Fafaza njalo ngasemanzini, ungasebenzisa i-humidifier, i-moss enomswakama noma ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi epanini. Ngemuva kokugeza kwehlobo, yoma emthunzini kuphela. | Ungabi namandla angaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto. Vikela umswakama ezimbali kanye namaqabunga. Gwema kude nezishisa ezomisa umoya. |
| Ukunisela | Onqenqemeni lwembiza zonke izinsuku ezingama-2-3, ihora ngemuva kokukhipha amanzi epanini. Awukwazi ukuthulula imbali. Phakathi kokunisela, umhlaba kufanele womile u-2-4 cm. Uketshezi kufanele lukhethwe luhlanzwa noma luxazululwe ekushiseni kwegumbi. | Ukusuka maphakathi nekwindla usike. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ayisho ukuphuma (ukuthola i-tint ebomvu), futhi akukho ukushuba komswakama kuyo. |
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukukhula i-primrose evela esiFundazweni saseKapa kuzothela izithelo ngama-inflorescence aqhakazelayo. Kuma-subspecies amaningi, izimbali zenzeka maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kepha kukhona okuhlukile, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziqhakaza unyaka wonke.
Izimbali ezibunjiwe kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela ngommese obukhali, njengamaqabunga omile. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa isibuyekezo.
Ukutshala nokubuyisela endaweni ye-primrose yaseCape
Ama-streptocarpuses amaningi angawokuzalwa konyaka. Ukugcina ukubukeka kwazo okuqhakazayo nokubukeka kuphilile, akukhona ukunakekelwa okufanele kuphela, kodwa nokufakelwa okujwayelekile
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, kufanelekile ukukhetha umthamo ofanele nenhlabathi efanelekile. Abatshali bezimbali abanokuhlangenwe nakho, hhayi unyaka wokuqala wokutshala, bakhetha ngokuzimele ukuqamba ingxube yenhlabathi ngakho. Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukulahla i-acidic substrate, bese usebenzisa izingxube ezilandelayo:
- i-peat, inhlabathi enamaqabunga, i-perlite noma i-vermiculite ne-sphagnum moss (2: 1: 0.5: 0.5);
- I-3: 1: 2 inhlabathi yamaqabunga, i-humus kanye ne-peat crumb isetshenziswa ngamalahle e-birch ochotshoziwe (cishe ama-20 g nge-1 litre yenhlabathi);
- i-peat emsulwa izodinga ukuthambisa kaningi, futhi nge-vermiculite ku-1: 1 isilinganiso lokhu kungagwenywa;
- umquba wamaqabunga, isihlabathi esihlanganayo ne-turf evundile 2: 1: 3 ilungele izimbali zabantu abadala.
Imbiza kufanele ikhethwe ibanzi futhi ingajuli, ngokubheka usayizi wesitshalo. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-rhizomes ahlutshiwe futhi atholakala phezulu. Ukudlulisa i-streptocarpus, udinga ukukhetha isitsha ebanzi ngo-2-3 cm isikhathi ngasinye kunesedlule. Phansi, ukwenza lula ukudlula komswakama, 2 cm wobumba olwandisiwe, ama-chip wezitini ezibomvu noma noma yikuphi okubunjiweyo kubekwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo sokwenza ngcono kwe-streptocarpus ngumanyolo wenhlabathi yaso. Ukondla kwenziwa kangcono masonto onke:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, qala ukufaka izinto ze-nitrogenous emanzini ngesikhathi sokunisela ukukhulisa i-greenery (ukukhula kwe-Uniflor);
- ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, khetha amalungiselelo ne-phosphorus ne-potassium ukuze ulondoloze ubuhle bezimbali (Uniflor-bud).
Ngaso leso sikhathi, imithamo ekhonjiswe emaphaketheni kumele inqanyulwe ukuze kugwenywe ukweqisa. Ngenqubo efanele, ukungavikeleki kwembali kuyanda, ukukhula kwayo nobude bezimbali kukhuphuka.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-streptocarpus
Ukuzala kwawo kwenzeka ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza inzalo entsha. Imbewu kufanele ihlakazeke emhlabathini, iyithambise bese iyimboza ngefilimu. Ukwakha izimo zokugcina ukushisa, faka imbiza endaweni efudumele futhi uphephe ukutshala amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku imizuzu engu-20, kusula i-condensate. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, lapho kuvela izithombo, khulisa isikhathi somoya, nokufakelwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga.
- Kusetshenziswa isibambo esivela eqabunga. Thela amanzi ahlanziwe noma emvula engilazini. Fafaza iqabunga elisikiwe ngekhabhoni ecijile eyenziwe isebenze bese uyihlisela emanzini ngo-1-1.5 cm. Lapho izimpande zivela, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7, qala ukutshala.
- Ezingxenyeni zepuleti leshidi. Susa umthambo ophakathi nendawo kuwo bese utshala izimbotshana zombili ngokujula kuka-5 mm. Nyakazisa umhlabathi, ukumboza nge-polyethylene kanye ne-ventilate. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, lapho izitolo ezincane zihluma, zingatshalwa. Lokhu kuphumela ezitshalweni eziningi.
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ifanela imbali endala kusukela eminyakeni eyi-2-3. Entwasahlobo, ama-rhizomes adinga ukususwa enhlabathini futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye, aqaphele ukuthi angonakalisi. Uma kunesidingo, sika amadevu ngommese, welapha izingcezu ngekhabhoni ecijile eyenziwe yasebenza. Hlukanisa "izingane" zokutshala futhi zimboze ngezinto ezibonakalayo izinsuku eziningana.
Izinkinga ngokukhula kwe-streptocarpus, izinambuzane, izifo
Ukutshala kwe-primrose yase Kapa kungaphawulwa ngezinkinga eziningi, ukubonakala kwako kusithinta kabi isimo saso.
| Ukubonakaliswa | Izizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukubuna | Ukuntuleka komswakama. | Ukunisela ngesikhathi. |
| Amahlamvu aphuzi futhi awayo | Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. | Yondla ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. |
| Akunakuqhakaza, umbala ophuzi kanye nokwehlisa | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya, izimo ezingafanele. | Iqinisekisa ukukhanya okulungile, izinga lokushisa, ukuguqulwa kwendawo. |
| Vala imbiza. | Ukufakelwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. | |
| Ukuchelela okukhulu | Ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela, udinga ukuvumela umhlaba womile. | |
| Omisa emaphethelweni amaqabunga efihlekile | Umoya omile. | Ukufafaza amanzi ezungeze imbali. |
| Akunasikhala esanele ebhodweni. | Ukufakelwa | |
| I-Rusty coating | Ukunisela okunamandla. | Ukunisela okungavamile. |
| Ukugcotshwa ngokweqile kwezakhi zomzimba. | Ukutshala endaweni ye-peat, ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo emavikini ama-2. | |
| Amacembe amancane esikhundleni sezimbali | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Ukwenza ngcono ukukhanyisa, kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-14 ngosuku. |
| Ama-petioles amnyama | Umswakama omningi futhi upholile. | Indawo efudumele, ukuthambisa okungandile, udinga ukomisa umhlabathi. |
| Amabala aphuzi noma aphuzi | Shisa ngemuva kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. | Susa ohlangothini olunelanga, hlela kabusha kumafasitela akhanyisiwe. |
Kubalulekile ukwazi ngamagciwane aphambili abangela izifo ezithile ze-streptocarpus. Ukuqonda imbangela yalesi sifo kuzosiza ekwelashweni kwaso okunye nasekuvuseleleni imbali.
| Izifo / inkathazo | Ukubonakaliswa | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Izindawo ezingwevu ezinombala onsundu emaqabungeni, izimpande ezimnyama ezinwebayo. | Susa esitsheni, ugeze izimpande bese unquma izingxenye ezimnyama. Cwilisa isitshalo esisele ku-0,25 g ye-manganese ilitha loketshezi. Tshala esitsheni esine-substrate entsha. Amanzi izinyanga ezine nesixazululo se-0.5% Skor, Bayleton, Maxim. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Amabala ansundu, amabala ashelelayo, akhula ngokukhanya okumpunga okukhanyayo. Vuka lapho ushubile futhi upholile. | Susa izingxenye ezilimele, ufafaze izingcezu ngefulawa yamalahle, ushoko noma isinamoni. Thela uvinjelwe nge-0,2% Fundazole, Topsin-M. Uma kungekho mphumela, ukucubungula amahlandla amabili neHorus, Teldor (ngokwemiyalo). |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Amabala amhlophe kumaqabunga, izimbali neziqu. | Hlamba i-plaque nge-brashi efakwe kusisombululo se-soda, usike izindawo ezingonakalisiwe, ufafaze ngomlotha wokhuni. Thela umhlaba Benlat, Fundazolom. Ungayiphinda ngesonto, bese ufaka amasonto amathathu isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese. |
| Ama-Thrips | Imigqa yesiliva engaphansi kweshidi, amabala akhanyayo nezinduku ezincane ezimnyama. | Susa wonke ama-corollas namaqabunga athelelekile. Sula okusele bese ufafaza inhlabathi nge-Aktara, Spintor, Karate, kanye nezinye izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, bopha i-polyethylene, i-airing. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Cishe ama-cobwebs asobala, ohlangothini olungalungile kukhona amabala avela kubo. | Amanzi kahle bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene eduze kwesitsha esine-anyanisi oqoshiwe, ugalikhi noma i-turpentine. Uma kungasizi, cubungula izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngeFitoverm, Apollo, Omayt, eshintsha izidakamizwa. |
| Isihlangu | Izikhala zamathoni a-brown ahlukene emithanjeni ohlangothini olungafanele lweplate yeqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyanda futhi ziyafiphala. | Gcoba ukukhula ngakunye ngamafutha, i-acetic acid, upharafini bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ukhiphe izinambuzane. Faka i-gruel kusuka ku-anyanisi uye ezindaweni ezithintekile. Njalo ngesonto, nisela inhlabathi amahlandla ambalwa nesixazululo se-Admiral, Fufanon, Permethrin. |
| I-Whitefly | Kubukeka njengenundu elincanyana, lihlala ngaphakathi kweshidi futhi lihamba lapho lithintwa. | Sebenzisa i-masking tape, i-insect fumigator. Faka esikhundleni amasentimitha ambalwa we-substrate. Fafaza umhlabathi ngokufakwa kwepelepele, ugwayi noma lwesinaphi. Noma uthathe i-Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Bankol. |
| Ama-aphid | Izinambuzane ezincane zombala oluhlaza okotshani, okunamathelayo okunamathele esitshalweni kanye nokushintshwa kwezitho zaso ngazinye. | Hlanza ama-aphid ngebhulashi noma uvolo okotini. Faka amakhasi we-orange omisiwe namakhambi emhlabathini. Noma usebenzise i-Biotlin, Fury, Iskra-Bio. |
| Weevil | Izinambuzane ezincane ezingenamibala zombala omnyama, zidla amaqabunga emaphethelweni. | Yenza ukwelashwa nge-Fitoverm, i-Akarin, i-Actellik noma esinye isidakamizwa esine-oxididal, bese uphinda ngesonto. |
Ngakho-ke, ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukusifunda ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo ngezinambuzane. Uma kukhona, kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa i-streptocarpus enesifo kuzimbali ezingagulwanga. Ngokuvimbela, kuvunyelwe ukubaphatha nge-Fitoverm, kulandela imiyalo.
