I-Gooseberry - i-berry ye-genus Currant, i-Gooseberries yomndeni. Izwe laseKhaya - Izwekazi lase-Afrika, likhula eMelika, e-Asia, eSouth Europe, eCaucasus. Ama-Gooseberry atholakala ngekhulu le-16; ngekhulu le-18, abafuyi bezitshalo baba nezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu. Amabhasi afinyelela ukuphakama okufika ku-1,2 m, ezinye izinhlobo zinikeza kuze kufike ku-25 kg esihlahleni ngasinye.
Amagxolo a nsundu, exfoliating, spikes on the amahlumela ngesimo spines mncane. Amaqabunga angama-oval, ayindilinga, anama-denticles, aluhlaza okotshani. Lesi sitshalo simelana neqhwa, singamelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kufika ku-30 ​​° C. Amajikijolo - umbala oluhlaza okotshani obomvu, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo ezimnyama, ezimpunga.
Amathiphu Wokunakekela Gooseberry
Ama-Gooseberries, kanye nama-currants, adinga ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi endaweni evulekile. Ukutshala kaningi ekwindla, kodwa kungenzeka entwasahlobo.
Ukhetha:
- Izindawo ezinelanga, izindawo eziphakemeyo, lapho kungekho khona imimoya yasenyakatho neyasempumalanga.
- Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ephansi ye-acid.
- Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla okungenani liyimitha, imigqa - kufika kumamitha amathathu.
Ukugwema izifo zesikhunta, akukhuthaziwe ukubeka izihlahlana ze-gooseberry ezweni eliphansi. Ngokutshala, thatha izithombo zaminyaka yonke noma ezinemisuka enezimpande kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm. Zithwisele nge-stimulator yokukhula. Ekwindla, batshala inyanga noma isigamu ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqele okuqala. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo siyothatha izimpande bese kwakheka izimpande ezincane.
I-humus 10 kg, superphosphate 150 g, usawoti we potassium 60 g athululelwa emgodini wokufika. Isithombo sijule ngo-6 cm, ingxenye esemoyeni ngaphambili inqunywe, ishiya ama-3-4 efihlekile.
Isitshalo sisakazeka ngokubeka izingca, ukusika, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, isikhathi sokukhula sejamuberry siqala. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi, amajikijolo avela ngokuya ngebhande lokukhula, ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Izincomo zomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo:
- Izihlahla kwenziwa minyaka yonke ukuthola isivuno esiningi nokuvikela ukuqina kwesihlahla. Ukuthena amakhadinali akwenziwa kumthamo owodwa, ukuze ungabhubhisi isihlahla. Sika entwasahlobo nasekwindla, uma sekuvele amaqabunga amancane, udinga ukuhlehlisa kuze kube ekwindla.
- Ukusuka ngenhla, izihlahla aziniselwa, zinikela ngokudonsa (lokhu kuyadingeka ukugwema ukubola) noma kuthiselwe imifino, imifino efinyelela ku-15 cm ukujula.
- Ngithukulula umhlaba ngocingo, ngesinono.
- Eminyakeni yokuqala, ukondla akwenziwa uma izihlahla zivundiswa ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho, njalo eminyakeni emithathu, banesiqiniseko sokuthi bondla lesi sitshalo ngaphandle kokuxuba umanyolo we-organic ne -organic. Ngomhlabathi ophelile, umanyolo we-nitrogenous uyadingeka njalo ngonyaka, uvundile kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.
- I-Shelter isuswa ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izihlahla zizobola ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile.
Ngokutshala okufanele, lesi sitshalo sithela iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Gooseberry eSky
Imisebenzi yasentwasahlobo yesikhathi sokunakekela ethelayo ngokuzayo izokuholela esivunweni esikhulu. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukukwenza ngaphambi kokudalwa kwamahlamvu okuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Susa indawo yokuhlala yasebusika - isikhathi kuncike esifundeni, ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo naseningizimu ekuqaleni kukaMashi, enyakatho - kamuva. Lapho-ke sebekhipha imbala, izinsalela zemifino yonyaka odlule, amagatsha. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imfucumfucu isishisiwe, njengoba isikhunta esisikhunta kanye nezibungu zesinambuzane kusebusika kuso. Uma izihlahla zingamboziwe, kepha zimane zigobela emhlabathini, zidinga ukukhuliswa.
- Lapho iqhwa liyancibilika, amboze umhlabathi ngamakha aminyene amasonto ambalwa ukuze izinambuzane zingafaki inzalo.
- Bayaphatha kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo - banisela isitshalo nenhlabathi nxazonke ngamanzi abilayo, kodwa kuphela kuze kube yilapho kuvela amahlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ikani lokunisela lensimbi. Kufafazwe nge-sulfate yethusi, i-Bordeaux ketshezi, isikhunta: Fitosporin, Actofit. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa emazingeni okushisa omoya angekho ngaphansi kuka +14 ° C.
- Faka amanzi ngaphansi kwempande noma usebenzisa uhlelo lokudonsa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ingaphezulu lenziwe ngamasentimitha angama-30- 40, kodwa hhayi ngamanzi abandayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuncishisiwe, kunengozi yokutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta.
- Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMashi - omisiwe, efriziwe, owonakele, onamagciwane, obuthakathaka, amagatsha asontekile, amahlumela anqamule akhiwe eduze komhlaba ayasuswa. Isigaba senziwa ngaphezulu kwezinso, i-6 mm emuva kusuka esweni, endaweni eyehla ngo-50 °.
- Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, umhlaba ozungeze isihlahla ukhululiwe ube ngu-8 cm ojule. Ngemuva kwalokho ahlanganiswe ngotshani, hay, Peat, sawdust. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuhwamuka futhi kuvikele nokhula. Phakathi kwezintambo abambe ngazo u-10-15 cm.
- Ukondla kwenziwa kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokutshala. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, kufakwa i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate. Fafaza ngaphansi kwezihlahla, usondele emhlabathini ngo-5 cm, uniselwe. Ngamabhishi amadala - 40-60 g, amancane - 30-40 g. Faka isicelo se-potato peeling - ikhilogremu elilodwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi abilayo. Ngemuva kokupholisa, engeza amagremu angama-200 omlotha wokhuni noma imidwebo yenyoni 1:20. Kuthelwa ibhakede ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Umquba kanye ne-humus. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kufakwa i-potassium sulfate - 40-50 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Lokhu kunikezwa uma izitshalo ezingavundelwanga ekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-gooseberry ehlobo
Ehlobo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka esivandeni:
- Ingaphezulu lidambulwa njalo kungabi ngaphezu kwama-6 cm, ukhula luyasuswa. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo nesomile, inhlabathi iyafakwa emanzini ukuze umswakama uqhubeke isikhathi eside.
- Amanzi afudumele ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
- Uma isihlahla simude, siboshwe ngokusekelwa ukuze amagatsha angaphuki ngenxa yesisindo samajikijolo.
- Ifakwe umbandela we-organic ngesikhathi sokuzala (ngamanani alinganayo womquba kanye no-peat, umquba ngomhlaba, inkukhu yomquba ngamanzi 1:15), izichumisi zamaminerali ngemuva kokuvunwa, ngo-Agasti nge-potassium ne-phosphorus (25 g ngesihlahla ngasinye).
Ukunakekelwa kwe-gooseberry ekwindla
Ukuze isitshalo sivame ukubanda, ukunakekela amahlahla ekwindla kuyadingeka. Chitha imicimbi eminingi.
- Indawo yempande iyaphathwa - bahlanza amahlamvu, imfucumfucu, obolile, amajikijolo achotshoziwe. Ukhula notshani bukakolweni bavuniwe. Ngemuva kwalokho yashiswa.
- Ukuvimbelwa kwezifo nezinambuzane kwenziwa - ngemuva kokuvunwa, izitshalo, inhlabathi kufafazwa nge-Bordeaux liquid, i-sulfate yethusi. Baphinde basebenzise iTopazi, uFundazole. Uma isitshalo sithinteka yilesi sifo, siyabhujiswa noma zonke izingxenye ezonakele ziyasuswa.
- Baqala ukusika maphakathi no-Okthoba baye kwiqhwa. Ama-secateurs abukhali abulala amagciwane. Amagatsha asikwa angakhuli kahle, aphukile, angakhiqizi, atholakala kakhulu phansi emhlabathini. Inciphise isikhathi eside nge-1/3. Ngemuva kwalokho izihlahla zihlukaniswe ngaphandle futhi izindawo zokusikeka zivalwe uphawu nge-var var yengadi. Uma isihlahla singumuntu omdala, ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu, iziqu ezindala ziyasikwa. Kushiya amahlumela aqinile, kuze kube yizicucu ezi-6, kukalwe ngokulinganayo phakathi komqhele.
- Ziyondla - zokugqoka zaphezulu ekwindla eziyidingayo: i-phosphate, umanyolo we-potash.
- Amanzi - ngesimo sezulu esomile nesifudumele kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Imbiza yokumba lapho izungezwa ithululelwa ngamanzi. Ngemuva kokujula, lala nomhlaba.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Gooseberry Pest
Ukuze izifo nezinambuzane zingashayi ehlathini le-gooseberry, entwasahlobo zenza i-prophylaxis ngokwemithetho yonke. Kuvele lapho ungazinaki izenzo zokuthintela:
- I-Currant tick - izinso azivuli, ziyafa. Fafaza ngokufakwa kwegalikhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kamuva. Thatha i-50-100 g ngebhakede lamanzi ngalinye.
- Isikhala sesicabucabu. Amaqabunga aphuzi, afe. Fafaza i-anyanisi husks, ukumnika kagwayi, umhlonyane, ugalikhi, iMetaphos.
- I-aphid ye-Blackcurrant - kukhona ama-thickenings abomvu esitshalweni, amahlumela awonakalisiwe. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinso, afafazwa ngesisombululo se-3% nitrophene. Iphathwe ukumnika kagalikhi ngesikhathi sokusalela bese emva kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Noma faka iWofatox, Metaphos.
- Umenzi weglasi - ushayeka amahlumela, enze lapho. Amagatsha onakalisiwe ayasuswa. Kufafazwe nge-10% malathion.
- Isithabathaba seGooseberry - sidla amaqabunga emithanjeni. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, afafazwa ngeKarbofos, i-Actellik.
- I-Ognevka ingulube. Amajikijolo aphenduka aphuzi, abole, aqhume. Ukubhubhisa izingxenye ezithintekile, bamba inhlabathi, fafaza nge-infusions yesinaphi, i-Etaphos.
- I-Powdery hlobo - inhlanganisela emhlophe kuma-amahlumela, amajikijolo, amaqabunga. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa uHom, iTopazi.
- I-Verticillin wilting - amahlamvu aphenduka apende, abune. Futha bese uthele ngaphansi kwempande 2% solution yeFundazole.
- UButterfly - ognevka - ushiya okusontekile, awe. Faka isicelo se-Actellik, Fufanol.
- I-anthractosis, amabala, ukugqwala - izifo ze-fungus ze-gooseberry. Fafaza nge-sulfate yethusi, i-Kuprozan, iPhthalon, iNitrofen.
- UMosa akakwazi ukwelashwa. Amabhasi ayabhubhisa.
Ukulungiselela Gooseberry ebusika
Ngemuva komsebenzi wasekwindla, ngokuya endaweni yesimo sezulu, ama-gooseberries adinga indawo yokukhosela. Ukulungiselela ubusika, izihlahla ziboshwe ngamawele, zigobile emhlabathini, zimbozwe ngamaqabunga owomile, i-peat. Okuphezulu kumbozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
