I-Pelargonium isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial somndeni wakwaGeranium. Inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-350. Izinhlobo ze-Balsamic, Acidic, Nasturtian zingezomndeni owodwa.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-pelargonium yi-savannah yaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho kunelanga futhi kushisa khona. Kamuva ososayensi balithola eNdiya, eMadagascar nase-Australia.
Incazelo yePelargonium
Iziqu zingabonakala ziqonde, zivuthwe, zithambe. Amaqabunga alula, ahlukanisa, ahlakazekile, amathebula, ambozwe nge-villi encane. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezibalulekile zinephunga elithile elimnandi lesiphunga. Umbala wabo ulawulwa luhlaza okotshani, kukhona izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinhlobonhlobo.
Izimbali zincanyana, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence ama-umbrella, atholakala eduze kwawo, ngokuvamile anama-petals ayi-5, ahlukahlukene ngobukhulu. Imibala ekuzaleni kwanamuhla ihlukile. Ngokwesiko mhlophe, lipinki futhi libomvu.
Kwisitshalo esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye, ungabona ukuhluma okunganqamuki, amahlumela aqhakaza izimbali, izimbali ezibuthakathaka.
Imbewu ivuthwa ebhokisini lezithelo. Lapho ivuleka, iba njengomlomo wesingulube. Lokhu kuchaza igama elithi pelargonium, okuhunyushwe ngalo lisho isudu.
E-Russia, inkazimulo yezimbali ezincanyana ezingxiwankulu yayigxilisiwe kuye, futhi eYurophu, kunalokho, uthathwa njengembali yezimbali ezinkulu. Isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu e-USA.
Imvamisa esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwengadi, ekubukweni kwezindawo zasemadolobheni ngendlela engafani nalutho futhi kuyabiza ukuzala. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nemibala zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise noma imaphi amaphrojekthi wokuqamba.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-pelargonium ne-geranium
Lesi sitshalo saziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-geranium. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-pelargonium ingumhlaba oseningizimu yomhlaba; i-geranium yazalelwa enyakatho. Ngakho-ke umehluko wokumelana kwabo nokubanda. Imvamisa i-pelargonium iyisitshalo esingaphakathi endlini, i-geranium isitshalo sesivande. Ukuwela i-geraniums ne-pelargonium, akunakwenzeka ukuthola imbewu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezihlukile zomndeni ofanayo, zinokufana kakhulu:
- -zithobayo
- khula ngokushesha - kufika kuma-30 cm ngonyaka;
- kulula ukuzalanisa;
- Ukuqhakaza kwangaphakathi unyaka wonke.
Ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukwahlukanisa uhlobo olulodwa kolunye, futhi abatshali bezimbali abajwayelekile abakunaki ukubaluleka okukhulu kokuhlukaniswa kwabo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-pelargonium
Ezincwadini ezikhethekile, i-pelargonium ifundwe kahle, kukhiqizwa amakhulukhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe namagama. Okudumile:
| Buka | Incazelo |
| I-Zonal | Okuvame kakhulu. Inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-75,000. Owokuqala ukukhulisa ingadi yezimbali zasendlini. Igama linikezwa yi-zone zone ezansi kweshidi. Ama-blooms kakhulu, aphonsa ama-peduncle ayi-10 ngasikhathi sinye. Inephunga le-geranium eliyisimilo. |
| I-Rosebud | Izimbali zifana ne-rosebuds. Umbala wazo zonke izithunzi ezibomvu, ezibomvana. Ezinye izinhlobo zidwetshwe kumakhorali, isalimoni, ipheya, owolintshi. |
| Umzimba ka-Tulip | Ama-buds avula kahle abukeka njengama-tulips |
| UTerry | Imbali ngayinye inama-petals angaphezu kuka-9. |
| Okungaphindaphindeki | Izimbali ziqukethe amacembe ama-5 afanayo, aqinile. Amacembe ahlukahlukene. |
| Okucwebile | Amaqabunga ahlakazekile ngokuqinile, ayindilinga kufika ku-5 cm ubukhulu. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezemithi, emithini yasekhaya, kwezamakha. Upholisa umoya egumbini. |
| I-Epithelial (enkulu) | Amaqabunga abushelelezi, amahlumela anyakazayo amade. Ngokuvamile, okuluhlaza okotshani kufana ne-ivy. Izimbali ze-Terry, i-semi-double bicolor (emhlophe-nsomi) enomhlaza ohlaza okotshani. |
| Ebukhosini | Umbono omuhle kakhulu. Kudinga ukunakekelwa okuningi kunabanye. Ubunzima bokuqhakaza okuningi nokude. Izimbali zinkulu, zinezidwala, kufinyelela ku-7 cm ububanzi. Ama-petals ahlala enethoni ezimbili. Amathoni ansomi, apinki, abomvu. Amabhasi anamandla, aze afike ku-50 cm amade, amahlamvu afana namaqabunga ama-maple. |
| Ingelosi | Ngamaqabunga amancane neziqu ezinwabuzelayo. Izimbali azinkulu, kepha zihle kakhulu ngezinsimbi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngombala omhlophe no-burgundy. Izimbali ziningi. Kubukeka kukuhle ezimbizeni zezimbali. |
Ukukhula kwe-pelargonium ekhaya
Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba ekunakekelweni, silungele abalimi abaqala, ngoba sikhula ngokushesha, siqhakaza kahle, futhi sisakazeka kalula.
Indawo / Isibani
IPelargonium ithande izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle, ayesabi ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukudayiswa kuzokuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile, futhi akesabi okungahlakahlaka noma.
Isitshalo asesabi ukuguqulwa kwendawo. Ama-geraniums we-Indo anconyelwa ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile emikhondweni ehlukene eya ekukhanyeni, ukuze umqhele ukhule ngokulinganayo.
Ukushisa
+ 20 ... +25 ° C - okushisa okuphezulu kokunakekelwa kwe-pelargonium ekhaya.
Ebusika, ezinye izinhlobo, kodwa hhayi zonke, zingabekwa kuvulandi okhanyayo noma ku-veranda, lapho umoya ufudunyezwa khona kufinyelele + 5 ... +15 ° C. Kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukuvikela isitshalo kokusalungiswa.
Umswakama
IPelargonium ithande umoya owomile nomoya omanzi. Ngakho-ke izimo zamakamelo amaningi ajwayelekile zimfanele. Izitshalo ezidinga ama-humidifires zingomakhelwane ababi kuye.
Ukufafaza i-pelargonium akunconywa. Amaconsi amanzi ahlala ku-villi futhi angadala ukubola, futhi lapho uthola ukukhanya kwelanga, asebenze njengelensi futhi abangele ukushisa okukhulu.
Ukunisela
IPelargonium iyamelana nesomiso, ukunisela imbali kufanele kube ngokulinganiselayo futhi kuphela uma umhlabathi womile usomile.
Ukuhlola ukuthi yisikhathi samanzi silula. Udinga ukuthinta ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ebhodweni ngeminwe yakho. Uma umhlaba unganamatheli emilenzeni, kodwa ukhube, isitshalo singaniselwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi evundile, elula, ekhanyayo.
Ukuqhakaza okuningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside kuzohlinzeka ngokondla okujwayelekile - isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki. Ungangeza umanyolo ekugxilweni okuncane (cishe i-1: 10 ejwayelekile) ngokuchelela ngakunye.
Noma yiluphi uketshezi olugxila kwezimbali zasendlini lufanelekile. Indlela esetshenziswayo nje iyasetshenziswa - umanyolo wamakristali, atholakala ngesimo esomile emhlabathini. Ukuqothuka kancane kancane ngenkathi kuthambisa, zingena emhlabathini.
E-dormancy ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyamiswa. Entwasahlobo, kumanyolo kusetshenziselwa ukwakha isisindo esiluhlaza ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium ne-nitrogen.
Ukufakelwa
Faka isicelo sengxube yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo, edayiswa ezitolo zezimbali, noma elungiselelwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba wengadi, i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, i-1 part humus.
Ukuze kutholakale inhlabathi, ungqimba lwamanzi lubekwa ngaphansi kwethangi.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, lesi sitshalo asondliwa inyanga, sinikeze isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Inhlabathi entsha iqukethe izakhi ezanele zokuthuthuka.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
I-geranium yasekhaya ithanda isikhala. Akakuthandi ukusondela kwezinye izitshalo, futhi naye ngokwakhe ufuna ukuncipha ngezikhathi ezithile, ukucwilisa nokubumba umqhele.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka amahlumela akamuva, izimbali zizokwanda, futhi izinto zokutshala ezinhle kakhulu zizotholakala emagatsheni ancayiwe.
Ukuthena ubumba futhi kuyisizini.
Ukwakheka komqhele ezinhlotsheni eziqondile nezinwebekayo kuhlukile, isikhathi ngasinye lapho udinga ukuthola indlela yomuntu ngamunye.
The main do ekwindla emva zom. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa amaqabunga omisiwe, unciphise ubude, buthaka neziqu. Lesi silinganiso sisiza i-pelargonium ukuba ibekezelele kangcono isikhathi sokuphumula futhi iphumule ngokugcwele.
Ungasondela kule nqubo ngendlela emangalisayo futhi umane unqume zonke iziqu ezisezingeni eliphakathi kwama-6,6 cm ebusweni bomhlaba, ushiye kuphela amahlumela ambalwa aphilile. Ngentwasahlobo, iziqu zembozwe amahlumela amasha. Lokhu okuthiwa ukuvuselelwa kwesitshalo kuzokwenzeka.
Ukuchitha isikhathi sonyaka entwasahlobo, uma umqhele uqala ukukhula ngokungalingani.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa isikhafu esijwayelekile esihlukanisa iziqu, ukwelashwa kwazo kuzothatha isikhathi eside futhi kube nzima. Sika amagatsha namaqabunga ngommese obukhali engadini noma ngesikhafu ku-oblique ngaphezulu kwesihlahla seqabunga elibheke esihlahleni.
Ekupheleni kwenqubo, lezi zingxenye zifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
Ukuzala
IPelargonium yendlu ikhiqizwa ukusikwa kanye nembewu.
Ukuze ubambe imbamba, thatha izithombo ezisikwe ku-6-8 cm ubude, shiya amaqabunga amaningana aphezulu angenempilo. Ukuze izitshalo zikhule ngokushesha, zigxunyekwa endaweni yokuvuselela ukukhula (i-Kornevin) futhi zitshaleke ezimbizeni zezithombo.
Njengoba i-pelargonium ingayithandi indawo enomswakama, ama-plantings awembozi futhi awafafazi. Kudingeka kuphela ukuthambisa okungatheni. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, isikhathi esingaphezulu kwenyanga kamuva, kwakheka uhlelo lwezimpande oluphelele futhi uzokwazi ukufakelwa kumabhodwe waphakade emhlabathini we-pelargonium.
Lapho ufaka izithombo zezitshalo, udinga ukucindezela, khona-ke ukukhula okusebenzayo komqhele kuzoqala. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kwenzeka ngemuva kwezintathu, kungaphansi kaningi - izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Imbewu yePelargonium ihlwanyelwa ngezingcezu ezi-1-2 ezingilazini ezincane ezinamacwecwe omhlabathi noma we-peat. Ngale ndlela yokukhula, awudingi dive, izithombo zizokhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isitsha esinezilimo sibekwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, ehlanganiswa njalo nebhodlela lokufafaza ukuze ukugcwala komhlaba kungakheki, okwenza ukuhluma kube nzima. Imbewu izohluma ngosuku lwesihlanu.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala, ukunisela kufakwa esikhundleni sokunisela. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhanyisa isibani sangemuva ukuze ugweme ukwelula amahlumela. Lapho izithombo zikhula futhi ziqina, nciza izihloko ngaphezulu kweqabunga lesihlanu.
Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kuzofika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo zePelargonium, izifo, izilokazane
| Ukubonakaliswa kweLeaf | Isizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Abaphansi baphenduka aphuzi bese bawa, isiqu siveziwe. | Ukukhanya okunganele | Shintsha indawo ibe yimbi. |
| UBrown, u-ashen enamathela. | Ukugcwala okuholele kwisifo sokukhunta, njengokugqwala noma ukubola okungwevu. | Uma kwenzeka womonakalo othile, susa iziqu ezonakele, ukufakelwa. Ngesitshalo esinamandla, awukwazi ukusindisa konke, ungagcina ukubukeka ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa okunempilo kokusika ukubangwa. |
| Izinambuzane ezinamaqabunga nasemhlabathini, iminonjana yemisebenzi yazo ebalulekile, iwebhu yesicabucabu emithini. | Ama-thrips, i-whitefly, i-spider mite, njll. | Susa izingxenye ezilimele kakhulu, hlamba ngensipho nangamanzi, uziphathe ngendlela ekwelapheni ngama-Actellic hlobo aerosol. |
Izici eziwusizo ze-pelargonium, contraindication
Izingxenye eziluhlaza zesitshalo zicebile ngamafutha abalulekile. Ezokwelapha zizo zonke izingxenye ze-pelargonium: izimbali, amaqabunga, izimpande. Zinama-vithamini, amaminerali, amaqubu, ama-tannins, ama-sucrose, ama-pectin, ama-flavonoid, njll.
Ine-antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, he hentatic, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, i-diuretic, i-antiviral kanye nemiphumela yokulwa nomdlavuza.
Umhluzi netiye kuyasiza ukuphuza ukuqinisa umzimba ngokuphelele. Amafutha abalulekile afake zonke izimfanelo zokuphulukisa zesitshalo. Amafutha asetshenziswa ngaphakathi, asetshenziswa ngaphandle, amabhavu kanye ne-inhalation ayenziwa. Isihlahla esivame kakhulu se-pelargonium esisefasiteleni siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-microclimate engaphakathi. Kukholelwa ukuthi kusiza ukugcina ukuthula ebudlelwaneni bomndeni.
