UMonarda (Monarda, bergamot engadini) ungowomndeni u-Iasnatkovye. Ihlala eS S. America. Yaqanjwa ngoN. Monardes, owashicilela ngonyaka we-1574 incwadi yesayensi edumile echaza abameleli abasha bezimbali ezitholakala kuleli. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-22. Futhi, imbali inegama lesibili, elaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu - i-bergamot. Itshalwa njengesitshalo segadi eRussia. Zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-cosmetology, ukulungiselela izitsha neziphuzo.
Incazelo nezici ze-monarda
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sikhula sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Sinoqalo oluqinile, oluhlotshiswe kahle. Amapuleti amaqabunga anemiphetho ekhonjisiwe, i-oblong-lanceolate, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimbali zincanyana, zibunjiwe njengamashubhu. Itholakala ku-inflorescence eyodwa noma eyodwa. Embuthanweni ufinyelela ku-5-7 cm.
I-Monarda kabili, ulamula, i-hybrid ne-duad: incazelo etafuleni nesithombe
Izinhlobo ezitshalwa eRussia:
| Isihloko | Incazelo |
| Kabili | Esimude kunazo zonke singamamitha ayi-0.7-1,5. I-rhizome yinde, iyaqhuma. Iziqu zisezingeni eliphansi. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anephethini lemithambo ebomvu. Amapulethi anamaphethelo obonisiwe, inqwaba eyisikhala ngaphakathi. Ama-inflorescences apinki omnyama noma onsomi. Ngenyanga yokuqala yehlobo, kuvela izimbali ezingaba ngu-30 kubo, kufakwe iphunga elinamandla. Izinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ngesidingo phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali ezifuywayo. |
| Ductuate (tubular) | Ama-perennials afinyelela ku-1.1 m anezinqubo ezimpande ezondile ezicishe zifane nosayizi. Eshumini lesibili ehlobo, izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa noma zimnyama ziqala ukwakheka kuma-inflorescence, kufaka iphunga le-spice-orange. Izinhlobo zezinyosi. Kusetshenziswa njengomuthi wokukhululeka kwezimo ze-pathological. Futhi, izinongo zenziwa kulo, zengezwe ebusweni bezimonyo zokunakekela ubuso. |
| Ulamula | Zisetshenziswa kufika ku-15-80 cm ngamahlamvu emerald. Ama-inflorescence yi-violet, akhipha iphunga le-citrus. Izimbali zingabonakala lonke ihlobo. |
| I-Hybrid | Lokhu kufaka amasampula atholwe ngokunqamula kuzinhlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini. |
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo
| Isihloko | Incazelo | Izimbali |
| Mahogany | Ngosayizi oPhakathi Kufaka iphunga elimnandi. | I-Burgundy, amacembe asontekile emaphethelweni. Izimbali zenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni. |
| Adamu | Ubungako bekhompiyutha. Ikhula kahle elangeni nasethunzini elinengxenye. | Okukhulu, okubomvu. |
| I-Croftway Punk | Ikhula kahle emthunzini. | Lilac-pink. |
| Imhlophe qhwa | Kude kepha kuqinile. | Mhlophe qhwa. |
| IPanorama | Ukuze ulondoloze imibala ehlukahlukene yezinhlamvu, ukutshalwa kwembewu kungcono. | Ipinki, i-lilac emnyama, i-raspberry, emhlophe, ebomvu, onsomi. |
| Scarlett | Kufika ku-0.9 m. | Ipinki, ibomvu okomlilo, onsomi. Qhakaza eshumini lesibili sehlobo. |
| U-Elsiz Lavander | Kufika kumitha. | Eziningi, i-lavender hue. |
| Ibhola lomlilo | Kufika kuma-40 cm, aneneziqu eziwugqinsi. | Iphimbo eliyindilinga, eliyindilinga, ne-burgundy. |
| I-Schnivithhen | Ukufika ku-1.5 m. | Spherical, mhlophe. |
| ILambada | Isihlahla esihlotshisiwe safinyelela kuma-90 cm. | Ipinki noma i-violet. Khipha iphunga likalamula. |
| I-Preili Glow | Kakhulu shrub shrub enezimpande eziqondile. | Obomvu-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuqoqwe kubhasikidi we-inflorescences. |
| I-Snowmaden | Ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo, umbala ogqamile ngombala, oneziqu eziziqonde, ezinde. | Mhlophe qhwa. Ama-petals awavamile, atshalwe kude kakhulu. |
| UNkk Perry | Kufika kumitha. | Ipinki enkulu, ejulile. |
| Indlovukazi kaRose | Kufika kuma-88 cm. | Ipinki, iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti. |
Ukukhula kwe-monarda kusuka embewini ekhaya
Ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezifudumele (ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yeRussia) ngenyanga ebusika edlule, ngesimo sezulu esicacile, imbewu ibekwa ngokushesha enhlabathini engadini.
- Uma iqhwa lingazange lehle, sula le ndawo kusuka ekuchitheni iqhwa.
- Mboza inhlabathi nge-foil ukuze umhlaba ugcine ufudumele.
- Khulula umhlabathi ngokusebenzisa isihlabathi.
- Faka izinhlamvu zesihlabathi embewini (1 kuya ku-4).
- Ujule ngo-25 mm.
- Fafaza ngesihlabathi.
Kuze kube ngu-Ephreli, imbewu izobe ihlukaniswe ngamakhaza. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ungabona amahlumela okuqala. Ukuhlwanyelwa nakho kwenziwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuqoqa imbewu. Kepha izithombo zikhula kancane.
Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa izithombo ezitsheni. Lokhu kwenziwa engxenyeni yesi-2 yobusika, ukuze amahlumela aqine ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhluma:
- Thela ingxube yemifino ezimbizeni.
- Jula izinto zokutshala ngo-20-30 mm.
- Setha emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka +20 ° C.
- Amahlumela angabonakala ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, ukufakelwa 3 * 3, 4 * 4.
Ukutshala i-monarda emhlabathini ovulekile
Udinga ukukhetha indawo enokhanyiso oluhle, oluvikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo. Kodwa-ke, i-monarda ikhula kahle lapho ibolile. Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zomhlaba, kepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono, kungakuhle ukhethe inhlabathi enomoya onobukhona be-lime. IBergamot yengadi ngeke ikhule kahle enhlabathini emanzi kakhulu nge-pH ephezulu.
Ekwindla kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isiza:
- Bemba, ukhiphe ukhula.
- Nge-sq. m engeza ama-2-3 kg we-peat kanye nomquba, i-40-50 g ye-phosphorus, 20-30 g kasawoti obenzela kalula, 40 g we lime.
Ukufakelwa entwasahlobo:
- Faka i-20-30 g yenhlanganisela equkethe i-nitrogen ngemitha ngayinye. m
- Isithombo sihluma ngamabili amathathu amaqabunga eqiniso endaweni engama-60 cm.
- Amanzi kakhulu.
Isici esahlukile ubulukhuni busika (-25 ° C). Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, badinga ukumbozwa nge-polyethylene ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Izimbali zingabonakala ngemuva konyaka. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukwakha ama-buds ngasikhathi sinye ngokunakekelwa okuhle.
Ukunakekelwa kweMonarda
I-Bergamot ayikhukhumali kokuqukethwe. Ukutshala futhi uyinakekele evulekile kungenzeka ngisho nakubalimi abangenalwazi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kwanele ukunisela njalo nokufaka umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen yokukhula ngokushesha kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14.
Ekwindla kuyadingeka ukondla izingxube ze-potassium ne-phosphorus zokuthatha isikhathi eside. Amagremu aqinile kumele abekwe phansi, ngesikhathi sokunisela azoncibilika kancane kancane. Ngentwasahlobo, kuzoba nokuqongelela okukhulu kwezakhamzimba. IMonarda izoqala ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo futhi inikeze ukuqhakaza okuningi. Ekwindla, kunconywa ukunciphisa izingxenye zezinto zasemoyeni ukuze amahlumela angabambi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo esiqinile futhi esinempilo, simelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilonda. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, isihlahla singathinta lezi zifo ezilandelayo:
| Lesi sifo | Isizathu | Izimpawu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Izinambuzane: ama-aphid, ama-thrips, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-whiteflies, ama-mealybugs. Ukuba khona kwe-spores emanzini ngenkasa. Spread kusuka kumasampula athelelekile emoyeni lapho uhlangana nabantu. Umswakama ophezulu 60-65%. I-nitrogen engaphezulu. Vala izihlahla zokutshala. | Amabala we-Powdery engxenyeni yomoya, akhipha uketshezi olufana namazolo. Yima ekuthuthukisweni. Ukuwa ekuqaleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. | Misa ukufaka umanyolo nge-nitrogen, ungene esikhundleni se-phosphorus, potassium. Phatha nge-Bordeaux liquid 1%, amalungiselelo we-Aletta noma Acrobat. |
| Ukugqwala | Ukutheleleka ngodoti wesitshalo. Izikhala zomoya eziphuma emahlathini athintekile. | Ukwakheka kwama-pustule abomvu emaqabunga. Lapho ziqhekeka, kubonakala i-powder e-orange. Ukuphela kokukhula. Ukuphuzi kwasekuqaleni kanye nokufa kwemifino. | Chitha amaqabunga awile nezinye izingxenye ezifile ngaphandle kwesiza. Ukhula lokhula. Phatha isibabule se-colloidal nesikhunta i-Abiga Peak, Cumulus, Poliram, Strobi. |
I-Monarda: izakhiwo zokwelapha kanye ne-contraindication
IBergamot ithole ukusetshenziswa komunye umuthi, njengoba zonke izakhi ziqukethe amavithamini B1, B2, C, uwoyela obalulekile nezinye izakhamzimba. Ukukhishwa kunomphumela we-antiseptic, antioxidant, antianemic. Iyanciphisa futhi isize ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kokulimala, kusheshise ukulungiswa kwezicubu.
Izici zokupholisa zesitshalo:
- isusa ama-plaque emithanjeni yegazi;
- kusiza inkambo yezifo zokuphefumula;
- kuthuthukisa isimo ngokugula kwemisebe;
- kuqinisa amasosha omzimba;
- inomphumela owesekelayo emzimbeni emva kwe-chemotherapy.
Kuyasiza nge:
- ukuvuvukala kwezindonga zesinye;
- Izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu;
- ikhanda;
- ukutheleleka komgogodla womlomo;
- isikhunta sezinyawo nonyawo;
- inqubo yokuvuvukala emaphashini.
Ukukhishwa kutholile isicelo ku-cosmetology. Kuyingxenye yezakhi zokwakheka kokhilimu kwesikhumba esinovuthiwe, esinenkinga, esinamafutha.
Imifino yengezwe ezitsheni naseziphuzweni. Ihamba kahle inhlanzi kanye nanoma yimiphi imifino. Inempilo, imnandi futhi inempilo.
Ine-contraindication:
- iminyaka efinyelela eminyakeni emi-5;
- isikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- ukuncelisa;
- ukusabela komzimba.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izindlela zesintu, udinga ukubonana nochwepheshe ofanelekayo. Ukuzilapha ngokwakho kungenzeka kunganikeli imiphumela efunwayo noma kubhebhethekise inkambo yesifo. Uma udokotela evuma inqubo engajwayelekile, i-monard ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi, ibona ngokucacile ukwakheka. IBerggamot kuphela ekwazi ukudambisa isimo sesimo se-pathological, imise izimpawu, futhi ingasebenzisi imbangela yokuvela kwayo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni noma yikuphi ukugula.
