I-Dahlia (dahlia, dahlia) isihlobo sama-asters, ama-perennial. Ibizwa ngegama lesazi saseSweden u-Anders Dahl, kanti uhlobo lwaseRussia nguJohann Georgi, umcwaningi waseSt.
Lesi sitshalo sidabuka eSouth America, lapho amaNdiya asayibiza nge- "chichipatl", "acocotle", "coco cochochtitl".
Incazelo
IDahlias etshalwe eduze kwendlu ibukeka kahle. Ukuphakama - 0.5-2 m. Amaqabunga makhulu, awahlakazekile, awindekile. Amabhasikidi ama-inflorescence ama-shades ahlukahlukene, amahle ngesimo, anamaseli emigqeni eminingana noma alula.
Ama-petals ahlukile, kuya ngeqembu le-dahlias. Izimbali ezinamhubhu zihlala phambili emaphethelweni, umhlanga kufika ku-40 cm emaphethelweni. Izimbali kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Amabhasi anamandla. Zinezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngonyaka, ama-buds wokutakula akhiwa entanyeni yezimpande. Babhajwe ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo nesibandayo.
Ama-dahlias wonyaka
Ama-Dahlias minyaka yonke futhi avela njalo. Ezangaphambili zikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni futhi ziphila isizini eyodwa.
Ngosizo lwabo, ungavala ngokushesha izindawo ezingezinhle esizeni noma engxenyeni engenalutho yombhede wezimbali, zize zikhule ezinye izimbali.
Izinhlobo ze-dahlias zonyaka
Ama-dahlias wonyaka ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu angaphezu kwe-10.
| Ibanga | Bush Ukuphakama (cm) | I-Inflorescence | Ukubukwa kwephals Izimbali |
| I-Figaro | Hhayi ukuqhuma, mfishane, 40. | Ngokujikeleza cishe kuka-7 cm, imibala ehlukahlukene. | Imibala eminingi enombala ophuzi. Julayi-Okthoba. |
| Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cactus | Ngama-peduncle amaningi. 60. | Cishe ibe ngu-30 cm ngemibala ehlukahlukene. | Izinaliti ezikhumbuziwe ezisontekile, umhlanga, mncane futhi ubukhali. NgoJuni-Septhemba. |
| Abafana abahlekisayo | Iziqu eziningi, zinhlamvu kakhulu. 50. | I-Flat, ama-shades ahlukahlukene, umnyombo wegolide. | Kusontekile kancane. Ukuwa kwe-Midsummer. |
| IPicolo | Icwebile 45. | Cishe ama-9 cm, anemibala ehlukahlukene. | Izithunzi eziningi. Julayi-Okthoba. |
| Bambino | Encane. 25. | Cishe ngo-8 cm. | Kugqamile, kuphuzi futhi kubomvu. Ukuwa kwehlobo. |
| I-Opera | Kuncane. 35. | Kusuka kumhlophe kuya ku-cherry. | Banzi, bunjwe ngendlela Julayi-Okthoba. |
| Imizuzu | I-compact, enama-peduncle amaningi. 35. | Elula, ama-buds avela ekuseni. | Oval. Julayi-Okthoba. |
Khula dahlias wonyaka kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ama-Dahlias atholakala embewu ngezindlela ezimbili, kungaba ngoMashi ngokusebenzisa izithombo, noma ngoMeyi masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile. Gcina imithetho yokubekwa phansi:
- Lungisa iziqukathi ngokuziphatha ngesixazululo se-manganese.
- I-humus, i-peat, isihlabathi ixubekile.
- Imbewu ifakwe emanzini ngosuku.
- Hlwanyela emabhodweni wembewu ezi-3, ukijula ungabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm.
- Kuyathelwa ukumanzisa inqwaba yobumba ngaphandle kokubamanzi ngokweqile. Vala, ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa.
- Babeka endaweni efudumele, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaba ngu-+25 ° C. Hlola uphinde ungene umoya ngezikhathi ezithile, ungavumeli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, uhlole isikhunta.
- Emavikini ama-2 ngemuva kokubonakala kokungenela, kwenziwa.
- Lapho kukhula amaqabunga ayi-4, izithombo zitshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma engadini ...
Ukutshala izithombo zama-dahlias wonyaka engadini yezimbali
Lungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bambe, engeza umanyolo wamaminerali. Ngemuva kwalokho yenza imigodi yokubamba, ushiye phakathi kwabo u-30-50 cm, unaka izici zesitshalo.
Izimbali zitshalwa ngotshintsho ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande ezondile. Benza ukuthambisa, ukumboza umhlabathi ngokhuni noma ngotshani obomile. Amamaki aphezulu anezimbambo ezibanzi noma indwangu iboshwe ngentonga noma esigxotsheni esiphakeme sentaba.
Ukuqoqa Imbewu kusuka kuDahlias Wonyaka
Izitshalo eziqinile kakhulu zimakwe ukuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kwezinto zokutshala, kuzivumela ukuba zivuthwe isikhathi esingangenyanga nesigamu. Bafaka ilebula izikhala ezingenalutho, ezizama ukungalahli imbali phakathi kwabanye.
Bazovuna ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngosuku oluthule elangeni. Imbewu ibekwa ezimvilophini zamaphepha ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka.
Uma imbewu ivunwa kusuka ku-nzalo, ngonyaka olandelayo izimfanelo zazo ezihlukile ziyohluka.
I-perennial dahlias
Amagama ezinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka, ahlukaniswa yi-inflorescence, hhayi ngesikhathi sokutshala. Nezindlela zokuzala. Ama-perennials atshalwe nezilimo eziyizigaxa. AmaDahlias ahlukaniswe ngokwakheka kwembali ezinhlotsheni ezilandelayo:
Elula
Zinama-petals emgqeni owodwa, aphansi anomgogodla ophuzi, angama-0,6 kuphela kuphela anamagatsha aqondile, aqhekekile. Izinhlobo: I-Princess Maria, i-Yellow Hammer, i-Orange, i-Cupid, ne-Collette.
Anemone
Izimbali ezinsundu nezimbili, umhlanga, umhlanga, enkabeni. Amade angama-cm angaphezu kuka-100 ubude, abukeka emuhle nge-mixborder.
Inezinhlobonhlobo: i-Inca, Mambo, Polka. I-Comets, iLambada.
Imise okomhlana
I-semi-terry enkulu noma i-terry, isikhumbuza i-peonies. Phezulu. I-En Rouge, i-Red Tunic, i-Bendall, i-Beauty Chic, i-Opera.
Ikholaji yekhola
Obhasikidi abakhulu abanobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ezinhlahleni eziphakeme kakhulu eziphakeme kukhona amhlophe acishe afane nekhola. Izinhlobo ezinde zamasentimitha angama-120. Eziqhakaza kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Ukubukwa okuthandwayo okuthandwa ngabatshali bezimbali: Gioconda, Knight, Granato, Butterfly, Inhliziyo kaDanko.
Spherical
Izinhlobo eziningi zemibala ehlukahlukene, ezingaphezu kuka-9 cm, ezinama-petals abanzi ngokweqile. Izihlahla eziphakeme ezinamagatsha aphezulu, ezisetshenziselwa ukusika. Izinhlobonhlobo zokwehlukahluka, okuhle kakhulu yiKenora Fairball, i-White Astaire, iGypsy Night, iLa Bayadere.
Amaphampu
Bathola igama labo ngenxa yezimbali ezincane ezifana nama-pompon amancane. I-Terry, cm engu-5 cm enama-petals agqamile ngokweqile, i-tubular, igoqwe ngendlela yama-tile.
Ipendiwe ngemibala ehlukile ngaphandle kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabhasi aminyene, enamagatsha aqinile. Izinhlobo zezidalwa: AmaViking, uWilliam Rocco omncane, u-Amber Quinn.
Cactus
Isitshalo seShrub, sakha ama-peduncle angama-15. Izimbali eziminyene, ububanzi obu-10 cm, amacembe akhomba ngendlela yezinaliti. Isetshenziselwa ukulinyelwa eqenjini noma ngendlela eyodwa. IBlack Look Wizard, Intandokazi, iPrincess Park, ukubukeka kweBlackbury kuyamangalisa.
I-Semi-cactus
Iqembu lesikhashana lama-asters aphakathi. Ikhuphuka ifinyelele kubude obuyi-130 cm, amahlamvu aluhlaza. Ama-Terry inflorescence, izimbali ezinkulu, ezingatheni kweshubhu, ezikhombe. Izinhlobo ezihamba phambili: iMeteor, i-Island Delight, Amaphayipinki Pink, Just Peachy,
Nymphaeum
Izihlahla ezinkulu ezinamagatsha anamanzi. Amaqabunga ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi. Isimbali esiyi-18 cm, sikhumbuza i-lily yamanzi, siqukethe amacembe athambekele enkabeni. Izimpande ziningi. Izinhlobo ezidumile nezithandwayo: Twin, Kens Flame, Rapallo.
Ukuhlobisa
Isigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke se-dahlias ngezimbali ze-terry. Amahlamvu aphambene. Izimbali kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Izimbali ziyagoba esiqwini, okunikeza umphumela omangalisayo.
Ukutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokulandelana kokushisa, ama-dahlias awashiyi ngaphakathi komhlaba. Ukuze kube nezimbali zonyaka, ama-rhizomes ayimbiwa ekwindla, ezinyangeni zasebusika agcinwa kahle, bese atshalwa entwasahlobo. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu. Ukuze ubonakale ngaphambili ama-buds, izimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezinkulu zokuhluma, bese zibekwa emhlabathini. Noma ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuphela kokusongela kwesithwathwa, batshalwe engadini.
Le ndlela yokusabalalisa inezinzuzo. Ezimpandeni, zonke izinkomba zesitshalo somama ziyagcinwa.
Ilungiselela nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholakala kumakhaza abamba ukushisa noma kwisillill efasiteleni, ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe ngomhlabathi eziphathwa njengezithombo. Hlola izimpande ngaphambi kokutshala, ususe ezomile. Kutshalwe ngaphandle kokujula, shiya u-3 cm ngaphezu kobuso, kungcono nezinso. Lapho ziqala ukuhluma, zikhishwa emhlabathini, zinyakaziswe futhi zihlukaniswe ngommese, zishiya ihlumela elilodwa elincane engxenyeni ngayinye. Izingxenye ziphathwa nge-biostimulant.
Izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zifakwa emuva ezitsheni ukuze zikhule kakhulu. Uma kuvela amahlumela amaningi, ayanqunywa futhi egxilile emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokugcina, cishe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, bayitshala engadini.
Lungisa imithombo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala njalo nge-60 cm, engeza i-phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. Tubers zibekwa enhlabathini ukuze amahlumela ahlume kuphela abonakala ngaphezu kobuso, futhi izimpande zimbozwe ngo-5 cm.
Ukukhetha isiza
Ama-Dahlias ayizimbali ezingama-thermophilic nezama-hygrophilous. Lezi zakhiwo zibhekwa lapho ukhetha indawo ongayitshala. Le ndawo iyisicaba noma iphakeme kancane, imbozwe okokufika noma izakhiwo, elangeni. Izimbali azitshalwa ezindaweni eziphansi. Umhlaba kumele uvunde, uphefumule. Uma inhlabathi isindayo, engeza i-sawdust, humus noma isihlabathi. AmaDahlias athanda umhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi noma onomunyu kancane. Abalimi banakekela ukhula lomhlabathi ekwindla, engeza ulamula oshelelayo.
Imibhede yezimbali ayenziwa eduze kwezihlahla ukuze ingathathi umswakama ovela kuyi-dahlia.
Ukunakekelwa kukaDahlia
UDalia unakekelwa, futhi noma yikuphi ukubekwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile ziqeda inhlabathi, zisuse ukhula. Phusha umoba ngokweqile njengoba bekhula, uzuze ubukhazikhazi besihlahla. Amanye amagatsha asikwa ukuze angaphazamisi ukushintshaniswa komoya, ukusikwa kusikiwe kubo nempande. Ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze umoya osesihlahleni ukugwema ukutheleleka ngezifo ezibola grey fusarium. Ama-inflorescence avele agqamuka.
Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola izifo, ngoba i-Powdery isikhutha ingavela phakathi nehlobo elimanzi. Ukugwema izinkathazo zenza umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus, fungicides.
Ukunisela
Kwakunisela masonto onke, kuthela amalitha ayi-10 amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Lapho inhlabathi yomile, iyabhinceka.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isikhathi sokuqala abazondla ngaso lapho betshala izimbali emhlabathini, bese kuthi njalo emavikini ama-2, basebenzise umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nowokuphilayo.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, engeza i-15 g ye-ammonium nitrate, kanye ne-superphosphate ne-potassium ngesilinganiso sama-30 g ngamalitha ayi-10. Njengama-organics, basebenzisa umquba, i-mullein noma imisele yenyoni, ehlanjululwe kakhulu ngamanzi, ukuze kungashisi izimpande. Nikela nge-1 litre ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye.
Usekela
Izinhlobo ezinde zama-dahlias ziboshelwa ku-trellis noma ku-dched stick njalo ngemuva kuka-35- 40 cm. Indwangu ye-garter ayiqiniswanga ngokuqinile ukuze ingaluma. Sebenzisa izimbambo, izindunduma ezibanzi ezikhethekile, ukusika kusuka ezindlekeni ezindala. Izintambo nezintambo azihambelani.
Ungamba kanjani ama-tubers futhi ugcine ama-dahlias ebusika
Iziqu namaqabunga e-dahlias ayafikela ekuqaleni kweqhwa. Yenza umgodi wokujula okungaba ngu-30-40 cm kusuka ekuhlolweni okuyinhloko, ugaye isitshalo. Inhlabathi eseleyo iyasuswa ku-tubers, iwageza ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi, bese yomiswa inyanga yonke egumbini elinomoya omncane endaweni yokushisa engeqi ku-+12 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho belashwa ngokumelene nezifo bese bebola bese behlanzwa kuze kube ihlobo elizayo.
Ama-Rhizomes agcwele emabhokisini amakhadibhodi noma ezikhwameni zamaphepha, noma ashiywe kuphalafini kanye nomcamelo wesihlabathi egumbini elingaphansi kwephalaji noma esiqandisini semifino. Isendlalelo sokuqala kufanele simunyiswe kancane.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlafunwayo zihlolwa ukuthola umonakalo bese zibola. Izinhlobo zethu zokugula ziyachithwa.
Ukuzalela kukaDahlia
Kwenziwe ukusika noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izimbumbulu
Izingxenye zamagatsha ezinezithende ziyasikwa, isigaba siphathwa nge-biostimulator. Ebusika, ashiyelwa emakhazeni ukuze angaboli. Lapho utshala ehlobo, zigxila emabhokisini.
Amahlumela abekwa engela ebusweni bomhlaba, anyanise inhlabathi bese amboza ngefilimu noma ngezinto zokumboza. Ngemuva kokuvela kokwehla kwezimpande okuhle, izitshalo ezihlumile zithunyelwa emhlabathini.
Isigaba saseRhizome
Yenza ekwindla, ngemuva kokumba izitshalo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kakhulu zikhethiwe, zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye futhi zigcinwe. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuzala senzeka entwasahlobo. Kuchazwe ngenhla.
Izinambuzane, izifo
| Inkinga | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ibala elinsundu | Amacembe aphathwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ketshezi noma amanye amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi. |
| Umlenze omnyama | Thela isisombululo sika-anyanisi, uchithe isonto ngalinye. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Ziphatha izimpande ngama-fungicides akhethekile. |
| I-Fusarium | Ukuchitha inhlabathi ngezixazululo ezikwenza ungakhubeki. |
| Ikhukhamba mosaic | Chitha isitshalo ngokuphelele. |
| I-Earwig | Futha ngesinambuzane. |
| Slug | Umlotha uhlakazeka uzungeze izimbali, lapho izinambuzane zingabuni. |
| Ama-aphid | Isiqu namahlamvu asonakalisiwe asikiwe, afafazwe ngokufakwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ngensipho yokuwasha. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Susa i-cobweb ngendwangu, usule amaqabunga nhlangothi zombili ngamalungiselelo aqukethe uwoyela. Uma kukhona isibani se-ultraviolet, ingxenye engezansi iyabonakala. |
