UVictt noma i-viola enophondo: incazelo, ukutshala, ukunakekela

UViolet noma i-viola enophondo (i-Viola cornuta) wathandana nabalimi abaningi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhle, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zakuqala, ukumelana nokubanda nesifo esingajwayelekile. Kusetshenziswe kahle ekwakhiweni komhlaba.

Incazelo

Lesi sitshalo se-perennial singokwalusevi lwe-Violet, umndeni ka-Violet-like. Ingafinyelela osayizi (ukuphakama) kufinyelela ku-26 cm. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi, zikhula ububanzi kusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-5 cm. Amaphalishi mude impela, afana nezimpiko zovemvane. Ikhula ezihlahleni ezincane, okuthi, lapho itshalwe eduze, zakhe uhlobo lwekhaphethi.

I-violet igama layo isithasiselo esikhona ngemuva kwimbali, elifana nophondo noma i-spur. Ezinye nzalo zesimanje zalezi zinhlobo azinalo uphondo oluhlukanisayo.

Ibuye isetshenziswe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa engadini kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

I-Hornt violet isitshalo esikhwabanisayo okuthi, ngenxa yesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi, sikhule kabanzi. Izitshalo ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka wesibili zingamboza ngokuphelele indawo engaba amamitha-skwele amabili. m. Amabhasi akhulisa izimbali eziningi. Ngakho-ke ku-viola eyodwa ungabalelwa kuma-buds angama-60 nezimbali eziqhakazayo.

Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo aluhlaza okotshani, okusaqanda, emaphethelweni ezinye izinhlobo kukhona ama-denticles ayindilinga. Ezihlangeni ezinde kunezimbali ezimbalwa, phakathi kwazo kukhona “iso” ngombala ophuzi noma owolintshi. Kunemibala eminingi yezilwane ezifuywayo ngokwazo, ezihlukaniswa indlela yokuhlobanisa inzalo. Zingaba: i-lilac, ophuzi, i-orange, i-violet, i-burgundy, njll. Kunezinhlobo zemibala eyodwa zohlobo lwe-violets, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezingadi ezinkulu zezimbali, nasemklanyweni wesakhiwo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo futhi ngokuhlanganiswa kwemithunzi eminingana yombala ofanayo, zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi be-amateur.

Enye inzuzo engenakuqashelwa yama-violets enezimpondo izimbali zawo ezinde. Kuqala ngoMeyi bese kuphela ukuphela kukaSepthemba. Entwasahlobo - inani eliphakeme lale nqubo, izimbali zinkulu kakhulu futhi ziningi zazo, ngokuqala kwekwindla le nqubo iyancipha kancane kancane.

Zizwe kahle futhi ujabulele ukuqhakaza okuqinile endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-5, khona-ke udinga ukudlulisela kwenye.

I-Hornt violet: izinhlobo

Njengamanje, abafuyi bezitshalo bakhula ngentshiseko izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid zama-violets. Kepha lapho ubatshala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi basinda ebusika bande kakhulu futhi badinga ukumbozwa kahle ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi ezinye zazo izitshalo ze-biennial, hhayi izingane ezineminyaka emihlanu. Ejwayelekile kakhulu yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo.

Lolu nje uhla oluncane lwezinhlobo zama-violets. Kukhona eziningi zazo ezinhle.

Izici zokutshala nokunakekela

I-Hornt violet - izinhlobo zonyaka, ezi-hybrid zingadalwa noma zibe minyaka yonke (uma zitshalwe ezitshalweni zenhlabathi ezivulekile). Lesi sitshalo asizithobi ezimweni ezikhulayo, kepha uma ubheka ezinye zezinketho zaso futhi unakekelwa kahle, kuzoba ngcono ukuqhakaza futhi sijabulise umlimi.

Inhlabathi

Ikhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha emhlabathini ovulekile, okhanyayo, ovundile onamapayipi kanye ne-pH ka-6.8-7.2, uzizwa ukhululekile kakhulu. Ikhula kakhulu futhi iyaqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye. Kubalulekile ukucija inhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa: amatshe, amanzi okugedla, udrawu, ama-chip kanye nama-moss. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama ugcinwa enhlabathini, ukhula luyakhula kancane bese izakhamzimba zigezwa ziphume enhlabathini.

Indawo yokuhlala

Ikhula kahle emthunzini oyingxenye, eduze nabalingani abaphezulu, abazovikela i-violet elangeni lasemini. Akufanele ukutshala emthunzini nhlobo: isiqu sizoqala ukwelulwa, futhi izimbali ziba zincane ngosayizi bese ziphenduka zibe nsomi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona lapho ehlaselwa khona yi-slugs neminenke, okungezi ubuhle kulesi sitshalo.

Ukunisela

Kufanele ilinganisele, ikhiqizwa njengoba inhlabathi yomile. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, sinisela kaningi. Uma umlimi engekho okwesikhashana futhi engakwazi ukuwanisela njalo ukhula, uyakubekezelela angafi, kepha izimbali ziba namandla kakhulu ngamahlamvu amancane.

Ngokufafaza njalo (ekuseni nakusihlwa) kukhula kangcono.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic ekugxilweni okubuthakathaka ufaneleke kangcono. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi umquba uvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Njengoba kunolaka olukhulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwezimbali, kulimaza.

Ukunciphisa nokugcina ukubukeka kokuhlobisa

Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo siqala ukwelulwa isikhathi eside, okuvela kuso ukubukeka kwesidlakudla. Kulokhu, zenzelwe ukusikwa, zinikeza ukubukeka okucophelelanayo nokwenziwe kahle. Uma inhloso yokuthola imbewu ingekho, kungcono ukususa ama-inflorescence awonakele. Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sichithe amandla ekuvuthweni nasekuqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Kuyindlela futhi yokuvikela inzalo engafuneki.

Ubusika

Ngokuvamile, i-violet imelana nezeqhwa futhi ingamelana nokushisa okufika ku-23 ℃. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-nzalo azwela kakhulu emakhazeni futhi kufanele ambozwe nge-peat, amaqabunga awile noma amagatsha e-spruce. Futhi, izimbali ezintsha ezisanda kutshalwa zihlala nendawo yokubanda.

Ukuvuselelwa kwendalo

Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka eminingana (3-5) kuyasiza ukwenza inqubo yokuvuselela izitshalo. Uma kufanele ukwenza lokhu, ungabona kalula: izimbali zincanyana futhi zincinci. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba izimpande bese uhlukanisa izingxenye eziningi, utshalwe endaweni entsha.

Ukuzala

I-violet enophondo isakazeka ngezindlela eziningana.

Uphondo lweMbewu uViolet

Ingatshalwa kanye nembewu. Lokhu bakwenza ngezindlela ezimbili: masinyane hlwanyela enhlabathini noma izithombo ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukhilimu we-Foxbrook

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo

Imbewu itshalwa ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi maduze lapho uzitshalale, ngokushesha isitshalo siyoqhakaza. Isikhathi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya ekubonakaleni kwezimbali singamaviki ayi-10-13.

Lungiselela ingxube yomhlaba yezakhi, ukhiphe kuhhavini ukukhipha amagciwane nesikhunta, uthele nesixazululo seFundazole.

Kuyadingeka ukwenza imisele ebangeni elingama-1.5-2 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ubeke imbewu kuzo, ufafaze ngenhla komhlabathi bese ufafaza ngamanzi avela kusibhamu sokufafaza. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ezithile zama-warts ngaphambi kokutshala. Ungahluka kusuka ku-60% kuya ku-95%.

Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha esinezimbewu ezihlwanyelwe zimbozwe ngegoqo lepulasitiki futhi liniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile, akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukomiswa ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi. Izinga lokushisa elifaneleka kakhulu lokuhluma okuphezulu yi-+12 ... +18 ℃. Lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala (ngemuva kwamaviki angu-3-5), isitsha siyiswa ezimeni ezifudumele (+ 18 ... +22 ℃). Kuyadingeka ukususa ifilimu isikhashana ukuze ukhiphe umoya. Isikhathi saso siyakhula kancane njengoba izithombo zikhula.

Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2-3 esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukukhetha, ukutshala ngezikhathi ezithile ezisentimitha eziyi-5-6 komunye nomunye.

Kungenzeka ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi, kunesibopho sokunisela amanzi njalo ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, umanyolo wamaminerali afaneleke kangcono.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Ngqo inhlabathi ingatshalwa kusukela ngoMeyi 10 kuya kuSepthemba 10. Ngendlela efanayo, imbewu eqoqwe ikulungele kangcono, kepha ungayisebenzisa eyithengiwe, lapho-ke kudingeka ucabangele ukuhluma kwayo.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukukhulula umhlabathi futhi wenze imisele lapho imbewu ibekwa khona, ilala ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi futhi iniselwe.

Amahlumela azovela entwasahlobo elandelayo entwasahlobo, abalulekile ukuvikela elangeni eliqondile. Uma amahlumela evame kakhulu, kufanele atshalwe. Ngo-Agasti, izitshalo zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Uma kuvela ama-ovary wezimbali, ayasuswa ukuze kungadliwa ujusi onempilo, kanti i-violet yasinda ebusika isesimweni esinamandla.

Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, lesi sitshalo siyojabulisa umtshali ngezimbali ezinhle zaso.

Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwama-violets

Ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningana.

Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush

Isikhathi esifaneleke kakhulu sisukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya phakathi nehlobo.

Uma ukuqhuba ngalesi sikhathi, i-violet izoba nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi ngo-ekwindla luzoqina ngokwanele ukusinda ebusika, uma wenza ukwahlukana kamuva, amathuba okufa kwesitshalo aphezulu.

Indlela yenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: isihlahla sembiwa, izingcezwana ezinezimpande zihlukaniswe kukho. Izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zimbiwa ngenhlabathi endaweni ene-shaded, evikelekile endaweni enamandla yomoya emhlabathini omanzi. Kubalulekile ukuvikela inhlabathi ukuthi ingomile. Ukuze isitshalo sithathe izimpande, imviki ezi-2-3 kwanele. Entwasahlobo elandelayo, zingadluliselwa endaweni yazo ezihlosiwe.

Ukusakazwa kwegatsha

Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuzala. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha amahlumela amaningi amade, ugobe, uwucindezele phansi ezindaweni eziningana ngamabakaki epulasitiki noma e-iron (ungasebenzisa ama-hairpins ngokugwaza izinwele), ufafaze, umboze izindawo zokulungisa okunamathiselwe komhlaba futhi uwunisele njalo. Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga eyodwa, izimpande zakhiwa ezihlahleni ezembelwe enhlabathini futhi kufanele zihlukaniswe nesitshalo esivamile.

Izimbumbulu

Ubanjwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Amahlumela aqunywa ukusikwa abe ngu-5 cm ubude ngamafindo ama-2-3 namahlamvu ama-3-4 kulelo nalelo. Esitsheni esilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngenhlabathi enomswakama, anamathele ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1-1,5 cm ekhoneni elinamandla. Isitsha simbozwe ifilimu futhi sibekwe endaweni efudumele evikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Kanye ngosuku, kukhishwa i-polyethylene ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane. Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga eyi-1, ukukhula kwama-cuttings kuyaqala, okukhombisa ukubamba kwawo ukukhula. Manje zingadluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile emthunzini. Endaweni ehlala njalo bathuthela entwasahlobo elandelayo.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo

UViolet, njengezitshalo eziningi, usengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ezikhona ezivame kakhulu.

I-Violet enophondo ayisiyimbali enhle nje futhi engabekezeleleki, kodwa futhi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuphekeni. Izimbali ezinamakha zinika amasaladi, ama-dessert, ama-yogurts ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile, ukubukeka okuhle. Anoshukela, aqandisiwe kuma-ice cubes, abahlobisa ngemikhuba ehlukahlukene.