Ukutheleleka okuyingozi okuyingozi okuthinta izitshalo nezithelo zikatamatisi yi-cladosporiosis. Lesi sifo siyingozi kumakhukhamba, izaqathi, izitshalo ezingama-berry.
Kubangela ukwakheka kwezindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni. Baqala ukulwa nalesi sifo ekuqaleni kokulimala. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi wenze kwasendaweni ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta. Ukuhambisana namasu wezolimo wokukhulisa utamatisi, izindlela zokuvimbela zivimbela ukufa kwesisindo samatamatisi.
Cladosporiosis noma amabala ansundu ansundu
Isifo fungal esisakazeka ngokushesha sithinta amapuleti amaqabunga ezitshalo, amabhulashi ezimbali, ama-ovari nezithelo ezivuthiwe. Amabala amabala ansundu asezindaweni zokwabiwa kwezindawo. Ngenxa yazo, i-cladosporiosis ibizwa ngokuthi ukubala onsundu. Akuvamile ukuthinta iziqu, utamatisi othululiwe, ikakhulukazi uhluma ngamahlamvu. Amabala aluhlaza okhanyayo wesimo esingajwayelekile avela phansi kwepuleti, bese aqala ukuba mnyama.
Okokuqala, kusuka ngaphansi, bese kuba mnyama, kufana nokugqwala, kuvela engxenyeni ephezulu yepuleti leshidi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lesi sitshalo singambozwa ngokuphelele ngamabala.
Amacembe azoqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, isihlahla sizolahla amaqanda okuphumela ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco. Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta utamatisi okhula ngaphakathi ezindlini.
Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingamelana ne-cladosporiosis
Umsebenzi wokukhetha wenziwa njalo ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezingamelana ne-kadadosporiosis. Izinhlobo eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzalela utamatisi womhlaba ovaliwe (izithombo zokugcina izithombo, izithombo zokugcina izithombo, indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu):
- pink Pink Paradise Paradise F1;
- i-Spartak F1 ebomvu ephezulu;
- i-Opera F1 enezithelo ezincane;
- i-Charisma F1 engazweli ebandayo;
- inyama Lemon Fight F1;
- omude uMarissa F1;
- emfishane emfishane, engadingi ukwakheka kwesihlahla i-Bohemia F1 yama-greenhouse.
Abafuyi baphinde bakhe izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ezingathintwa yilesi sifo ukulinyelwa kwangaphandle. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inzalo yembewu ingazuza ifa lezinhlobonhlobo ngesisekelo eyabelwe ngalo. Okokuzalela, imbewu ethengwayo ithengwa minyaka yonke, ngoba akuwona wonke azuza izimfanelo ezinhle ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwasekhaya.
Ama-nzalo womhlaba ovulekile onenkathi emifushane yokukhula:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala: Ukushesha neF1 Furious, u-Olya F1 ongazweli ebandayo;
- ukuqonda: Umcibisholo Obomvu we-F1 omangalisayo, omkhulu u-Ural F1;
- Ububanzi obuphakathi: I-Titanic F1, i-Space Star F1 ejwayelekile;
- maphakathi nesizini: UNasha Masha F1 ongaphenduki, ophuzi ngokunambitheka kwe-melon Khrustik F1, uqanjwe nge-Vologda F1.
Kunamatamatisi amaningi akhethiwe lapho ungaqoqa khona imbewu ongayitshala: Ubumnandi bePharadesi, Giant, Red Comet, Raisa, Eupator, Funtik, Vezha.
Izimpawu zokugula
Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno samatamatisi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isifo esifihlekile ngesikhathi. Lapho kwenzeka izinsuku ezishisayo, udinga ukuhlola izitshalo njalo, unake ngemuva kweqabunga. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo, ngesikhathi sezimbali. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala avela ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ekhaya - izinhlamvu zingena emhlabathini.
Izimpawu zesifo:
- amachashazi empunga avela ohlangothini olungaphansi lwepuleti leshidi, afane nokubola ngaphandle, ngaphezu kwawo ingxenye engenhla yephepha iyaqaqamba;
- okokuqala, ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo iyathinteka, i-cladosporiosis iyakhula kulowo okhuphukayo;
- amabala amnyama avela, amaqabunga ayagoba.
Esigabeni sokugcina, amabala ansundu amnyama athatha yonke ingxenye yeqabunga, asakazeka ezithombeni, athambekele ezindaweni zokugcoba izitho.
Izimbangela zesifo se-cladosporiosis
Izikhala ze-pathogenic zithwalwa ngokugeleza komoya, kwamanzi. I-Spotting iyimpawu yamakhukhamba, izaqathe, ama-sitrobheli, izihlahla zezithelo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi bazivikele kubo abamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa. Izingxabano zingatholakala kuzinto zokugqoka, amathuluzi engadi, amathuluzi. Ngemuva kokungena eqabunga, isiko lokukhunta liyahluma, lidla kumaseli wesitshalo. AmaConidia akhiwa eqabunga, ahlala esebenza izinyanga ezingaba ngu-10, ebusika kahle.
Izimo ezithandekayo zokusakazwa kokutheleleka ngefungus: umswakama esifundeni sama-80%, izinga lokushisa ngenhla kwe +22 ° C. I-fungus ihlala iguquka, iyakwazi ukuthelela amasiko amelana nezifo.
Ukwelashwa kwamatamatisi we-cladosporiosis
Ukwelashwa utamatisi kuqala ekuqaleni kwesifo. Izindlela zokuvikela zikhethwa kusuka ezingeni lomonakalo. Okokuqala, abantu abangasebenzisi ubuthi kanye ne-ejenti yezinto eziphilayo bayasetshenziswa. Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kungakhiqizi imiphumela, phendukela ekusebenziseni i-chemistry. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, ukuvuna kuvuniwe, izithelo zokuvuthwa kuvuthiwe. Ngemuva kwamakhemikhali, izitshalo zihlala zinobuthi izinsuku eziyi-10.
Amakhemikhali
Uma kwenzeka ukulimala okungathi sína, ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinama-fungicides asendaweni yonke enezinto eziningi ezisebenzayo kuyasebenza, lawa yi-Abiga-Peak, iBravo, Kaptan, NeoTek, iPhalram, Polychom, Polycarbacin, HOM, amalungiselelo kaTsineb. Umuthi uhlanjululwe ngokuya ngemiyalo, izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha zenziwa ngokunqunyelwa kwesonto. Ungayinaki imishini yokuvikela yomuntu siqu: kuyalulekwa ukugqoka amagilavu, okuphefumulayo. Ngenhloso ye-prophylactic, ama-fungicides anobuthi awasetshenziswa. Utamatisi okhula emhlabathini ovulekile ufafazwa kusihlwa, ngesikhathi somsebenzi ophansi wezinyosi, esimeni sezulu esomile.
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo
Izindlela ezenzelwe izakhi zezitshalo, amagciwane, izikhunta ezingenangozi ziyizinambuzane, aziqukethe ubuthi obuyingozi. Ukulwa ne-cladosporiosis kusebenza: Pseudobacterin-2, Strobi, Trichodermin, Fitolavin 300, Fitosporin, Effekton-O. Le mishanguzo isetshenziselwa izinhloso ze-prophylactic ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle zokukhiqizwa kwalesi sifo.
Amakhambi esintu
Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, ukufafazwa kwe-serum ejwayelekile kwenziwa, kufakwa emanzini nge-1:10. Ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kuvinjelwa ekwelashweni ngezixazululo zegciwane lasendlini.
Esigabeni sezindawo ezimhlophe, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ngesixazululo se-iodine kuyasiza: Amaconsi ayi-15-20 afakwa emanzini amalitha ayisihlanu ngokufakwa kwe-500 ml yobisi ukuze kunamathiselwe kangcono uketshezi emaqabungeni. Ukuze uthole ukudla okusondayo, engeza u-15 mg we-calcium chloride.
Isixazululo se-alkaline sokhuni umlotha sivimba ukukhula kwesikhunta: i-300 g yengezwe 1 litre lamanzi, ikhambi libilisiwe imizuzu eyi-10-15. Ukulungiselela isisombululo esisebenzayo, umthamo wamanzi uguqulwa ube amalitha ayi-10. Isixazululo sicebisa izitshalo nge-potassium. Isixazululo se-pinkish potassium permanganate sinomphumela ofanayo. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ekuseni nakusihlwa kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ze-cladosporiosis zinyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukulinywa komhlaba ngemuva kwesifo
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle ngukuchelela inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela. Ngokuhlulwa okukhulu kwamatamatisi, inhlabathi ithululelwa nezixazululo ze-fungicides zemvelo. I-Phytosporin iyasebenza ngesimo esomile: bagcwala umhlabathi bezungeza utamatisi.
UMnu Dachnik weluleka: izindlela zokuvimbela isifo i-cladosporiosis
Ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu ukubulawa kwegciwane ekwindla okungapheli. Ngemuva kokuvunwa, i-greenhouse, amathuluzi okusebenza, amathuluzi, kanye nama-trellises kufanele aphathwe nge-Bordeaux liquid: isisombululo se-vitriol netshalo. Ngendlela, i-vitriol kuqala ihlakazeke ngevolumu encane yamanzi ashisayo, bese ingeniswa kwikhambi elisebenzayo.
Okokutshala izithombo usebenzisa inhlabathi ebunjiweyo ebunjiweyo. Zonke izinsalela zezitshalo zishisiwe; azisetshenziselwa umgquba. Ngokuphumelelayo ugceke izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezingenalutho, izihlakala grey grey. Intuthu ingena ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabi lukhuni kokufika. Ngesikhathi sokuthulula, izithelo ziyahlanjululwa: zisuswa ngaphambi kokuxubha kokuqala, bese kuthi izingcezu zombala zisikwe. Kubalulekile ukulandela amaqhinga wokunisela: amanzi afakwa emfudlaneni omncane ungene kusiyingi sesiqu, esimunca kancane kancane.
Umswakama ukhuphuka kancane ngalokhu kunikezwa kwamanzi. Isimo sezulu esinethayo, udinga ukunisela okulinganiselayo, sinciphise kube okungenani. Ngokweqile komanyolo we-nitrogen, kukhiwa inqwaba yamaqabunga. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube okuphelele, okulinganayo. Ukulima, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingamelana nezifo zokukhunta.
