IHorseradish yimifino ebabayo esetshenziselwa ukupheka kanye nemithi yendabuko. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokutshala kwabo bulula, kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli lesi sitshalo ukuthi siqhubeke sasendle, i-horseradish iyakwazi ukugcwalisa lonke uhlaka, icindezele izitshalo eziningi zasengadini, azithobeki emhlabathini, futhi ilula. Ngokutshala isiko, khetha amakhona angenalutho engadini.
Vuna amaqabunga nezimpande zesitshalo esibilayo ukuze uthole isivuno esihle esinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhamzimba, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni eminingana yezilimo ezikhulayo. E-dacha, isihlahla sibukeka sihlobisa kakhulu: imifino emnyama emnyama, amaqabunga amnyama avela phezulu afihla uthango olungabekezeleleki, inqwaba yomquba.
Ukubuka konke kweHorseradish
IHorseradish iyinhlobo yezinhlobo zamakhambi zisetshenziswa, iyisitshalo somndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni obude obukhulu, obukhulu, obufika ku-2 m ubude, i-rosette enamaqabunga aluhlaza. Amaqabunga akhula aze afike kumamitha ayi-0.7, ama-peduncle - afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Iqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila ngoMeyi-Juni, yakha pods ifinyelela ku-5 mm ubude ngembewu encane eyi-3-4.
Isitshalo sisakaza:
- indlela yembewu;
- izinso ezi-apical;
- sisebenzisa ukusika.
Izimpande ziqukethe i-allylisothiocyanate ebabayo, inezici ze-antiseptic. Isitshalo silinganiswa ngokuqukethwe kwaso okuphezulu:
- amavithamini C, PP neqembu B, carotene;
- ukulandelela izinto P, Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Mg, S;
- ama-organic resins;
- amafutha abalulekile;
- ama-alkaloids.
Isiko lizungeza ngokuthokomele ezindaweni ezifudumele, kuvame ukuguquguquka esimweni sezulu esishisayo, futhi liyabekezelela isomiso. Izinhlobo zendabuko zokukhethwa kwasekuqaleni:
- Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile kwe-Suzdal, kubonakaliswa ubukhali, ukuqina;
- I-Valkovsky isheshe yavuthwa, yakha impande eminyene, ifinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi ngesizini;
- IsiLatvia noma ezejwayelekile, ezivuthiwe sekwephuzile, eziqhakaza maphakathi noma ukuphela kukaJuni, zisatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga neziphakathi kweRussia;
- Isizini yaphakathi neRostov, eqashelwa ngamaqabunga abanzi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile;
- I-Atlant yokuvuthwa okuphakathi, ene-pulp eyomile yesigqi esinombala ukhilimu, ibonakala ngokusabalala okuncane ngesikhathi sokukhula, ikhwalithi enhle yokugcina;
- I-Tolpukhovsky, imbewu ivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-200-250, ezinconyelwe ukulinywa ngomshini, uhlelo lwempande luhlangene, inyama yama-rhizomes imhlophe, ibukhali.
IHorseradish ingahlala ndzaweni yinye iminyaka leminyenti, kepha njengesivuno setingadi kuyanconywa ukumba yona njalo ngeminyaka noma ngeminyaka le-2 ngemuva kwekutshala, kuze kufike ema-rhizomes ajulile. Ukulwa nama-horseradish njengokhula kunzima kakhulu.
Izici zokutshala i-horseradish
Ubukhulu, ukuqina nokunambitheka kwezimpande kuya ngezimo zokukhula nesikhathi sokuvuna. Njengesiko lamaqabunga, ama-rosette atshalwa emabhodweni, ebusika ekhaya, kukhula i-horseradish efasiteleni. I-decoction yamaqabunga isiza nge-angina, i-SARS, isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Le yinto yokubulala izinhlungu yokwelapha ukusikeka kwasendlini.
IHorseradish ikhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ayidingi kukhanya okukhulu. Ikhula kahle ezikhaleni eziqinile. Itshalwa kaningi njengesitshalo sonyaka ukuvimbela ukuvalwa kwendawo.
Isikhathi sokufika
Isiko elingathembeki lisinda kunoma yiziphi izimo, alesabi isithwathwa emhlabathini. Ukutshala i-horseradish kwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ekwindla, kuya ngesikhathi lapho udinga isivuno samahlamvu noma izimpande. Kubuchwepheshe bezolimo akukho mingcele ekutshaleni:
- entwasahlobo, kusikwa izithombo zokusika noma imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini lapho inhlabathi ifuduselwa ekujuleni kuka-10 cm, isitshalo sikhula ngamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-+5 ° C;
- ngokulinyala ngomshini, ingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli ibhekwa njengesikhathi esihle sokutshala eCentral Russia; ezimweni eziqandayo zokuqandisa, izimpande zingahle zingabi nezimpande;
- i-horseradish itshaliwe futhi itshalwe kabusha ehlobo lapho kungekho khona isomiso esinzima, umswakama womoya ungaphansi kuka-70%, ngezinsuku ezinelanga ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-5-7, ama-plantings adinga ukumiswa, ukuthambisa kakhulu;
- ekwindla, isikhathi sokugcina sokutshala singamaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kokusebenza kwensimu ejwayelekile (maphakathi no-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba), uma ekwindla sewomile, kubalulekile ukufukamela inhlabathi kahle, ukusika kugxililele emhlabathini okuyi-cm cm ngokujula kunasesentwasahlobo.
Izindlela zokufakelwa
IHorseradish itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ovikelekile; ngokuba ukhula lwenhlanganisela yezimpande zasehlobo, ukusikwa kutshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lapho kuvela iziqalo zokuqala (ekuqaleni konyaka kanye naphakathi kukaMashi). Ukutshala ujule ngo-3-4 cm, mulch, uphonsa iqhwa ku-15-20 cm ukuphakama. I-greenhouse ivalwe ngokuqinile, ishiywe inyanga. Iqhwa liyoncibilika, bese kancane kancane lithambisa umhlaba.
Lapho kwenzeka ukushisa, izimpande zitshalwa zodwa:
- Esihlahleni esikhulu (okungenani i-30 cm). Le ndlela yokutshala ilungele izindawo ezinendawo enamanzi amaningi aphansi, umgodi uzosebenza njengamanzi. Izimpande zithola isisindo ngokushesha, zimbiwa kalula entwasahlobo.
- "Esandleni" se-polyethylene eminyene noma eqinisiwe, ifilimu emincane yama-rhizomes iphulwe. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, isiko lingakhiqelwanga "esikrinini" esinjalo, ama-rhizomes aqhakaza aze afike kumamitha ayi-2,5 kuya ku-34, isitshalo sibalekela endle, siguqulwa sibe lukhuni ukuqeda ukhula.
- Esitsheni esikhulu, kumbiwa ngezinga le-5 cm ukusuka emaphethelweni onqenqemeni. Kufanele kube nezimbobo ezansi ukuze amanzi angahambi.
Ekwindla, iziqukathi ziyasuswa, kulula ukuthola ama-rhizomes kuzo. Ama-cuttings amasha noma ama-buds angenasisekelo afakwa emhlabathini. Ngokutshala okulinganiselwe, ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi evundile, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esikhulu samahhashi nge-pulp ebalulekile. I-agrotechnology yokulinywa kwama-horseradish endaweni eyihlane ayihlukile kunakekelo olujwayelekile.
Ukutshala imbewu
Izinhlobo ezintsha zokuzalela ze-horseradish zihlala zivela ngokunambitheka okwehlukile nezinsuku zokuvuthwa. Izimpande zikhula kusuka ezinhlamweni ezithengiwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-5 ° or noma ekwindla sekwephuzile, “ngaphambi kobusika”, ezinsukwini eziyi-12- 12 ngaphambi kwamaqhwa azinza. Inhlanyelo itjelwe emhlabatsini ifike ku-2,5 kuya ku-200 cm.Kushiywe libanga le-90 cm emkhatsini wemigca, imbewu ibekwa ngekulandzelana ngekwemikhawulo yemasentimitha langu-710. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini zokuqala ezifudumele ezinsukwini ezingama-4-7 ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukutshala ngokusika
IHorseradish ithanda ukusakazwa ngokusikeka, impahla yembewu igcinwa kahle emiphongolweni, esiqandisini, into esemqoka ukushisa insiza endaweni, lapho kungcwatshwa khona. Akufanele yomile okuningi. Kwesinye isikhathi amagabade asezimpandeni avuka phakathi kokulondolozwa, lapho kukhanya khona lapho. Banikeza ukuhluma okuhle. Ngemuva kokugoqa, "kuphuphuthekisiwe" - izinso ezingeziwe zisuswa ngezicubu eziminyene, ziyavela kuzo zonke izimpande zangaphakathi. Amaqabunga ahlumela phansi nangaphezulu: ama-rosette amaqabunga nezimpande ezincane.
I-Horseradish idlulisa kalula ukufakelwa. Ama-cutways abekwa ebangeni elingama-40 cm, ngonyaka wokuqala kukhula irosette elikhulu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha, kuma-rhizomes ekwindla asekulungele ukumba, afinyelela ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Njengoba kusetshenziselwa ukusikwa:
- izimpande eziseduze eziseduze;
- izindawo ezingalinganisiwe zezimpande ezingalungile ekucutshungulweni.
Ubude obunconyiwe bezindawo zokusika zingama-20 cm, kepha noma yiziphi izingcezu zekhejeli zizokwazi ukumpande. Imvamisa itshalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukusikwa ekhaya lapho uyithenga ngenkathi ebandayo. Lapho ekhaya kukhona imbiza yamahhala, kungcono ukubeka i-horseradish; amakhambi amancane asetshenziswa kumasobho nakwamasaladi. Entwasahlobo, isiqu sembiwa sanele “ukungaboni” bese sitshala futhi.
Ukunakekelwa KweHorseradish
Izici zokunambitha nokukhiqiza isivuno kuncike ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali enhlabathini. Emadolobheni, indawo eziklanyelwayo zikhethwa isitshalo; zibekwa kude nezihlahlana nezihlahla zezithelo. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kepha inhlabathi kumele igcwaliswe ngezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho kukhula izitshalo emhlabathini onqabileyo, enhlabathini ene-acidic, isivuno sezimpande siyamiswa, aqukethe umunyu omningi, imicu yama-coarse. Kwimisipha emnandi, isithokelo se-utamatisi (i-horseradish), ama-rhizomes athambile anesitashi esiningi ayathandwa.
I-ash ash neneme ifakwa enhlabathini ene-acidic, kuze kufike ku-0,3-0,5 kg / m2 wengxube. Umthombo wezinto zokulandela umkhondo yizithako zamaminerali. I-Potassium, i-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate ixutshwe 1: 1, kuze kufike ku-30 g we-ingxube engezwa nge-m2 ngayinye. Ezinhlabathini zobumba zengeza ebhakedeni le-peat nesihlabathi. Inhlabathi ye-Sparse ingenziwa ngomquba obolile noma omusha, kuze kube ngamabhakede ama-2 nge-m2 ngayinye. Izinto eziphilayo zidingeka ekwakhiweni kwezakhi ezinamakha emaqabungeni kanye nama-rhizomes we-horseradish.
Isiko alwesabi amaxhaphozi, inhlabathi enamadwala. Abayilimi emasimini angaphambili omgwaqo - amaqabunga nezimpande ziyakwazi ukuqongelela izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-compact organic eyingozi.
Ukunisela nokufaka umquba
Yize i-horseradish ingeyizilimo ezikwazi ukubekezelela isomiso, eminyakeni eyomile, izimfanelo zokunambitha zezimpande ziyawohloka: ubukhulu, ukubhoboza izinto kuyancipha. Ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima, lesi sitshalo simunyiswa ukuze ingxenye esemaphakathi yephisi ikhule. Ngokunisela okunganele, isivuno sizoba sincane, kwakheka izimpande eziningi ezincanyana ezicijile, kukhula imicu yama coarse. Amanzi ngokweqile aholela ekuwohlokeni kwesikhungo sethotho, ithola indawo engemnandi ye-hay entsha.
Awudingi ukunisela njalo i-horseradish; udinga ukuthulula isihlahla esanele kanye ngesonto. Izimpande zizodonsa umswakama ovela ekujuleni okukhulu. Indlela ye-osmosis iyasetshenziswa: inhlabathi imbozwe ngefilimu, bese umswakama ovela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zenhlabathi ukhuphuke. Indlela le iyasebenza ekutholakaleni eduze kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-horseradish. Izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zifakwa enhlabathini njalo entwasahlobo ngenani le-½ eliboniswe kwiphakheji. Ngesikhathi semvula, emva kwamazolo okusa, kancane kancane ancibilika. Uma ufisa, ungasinisela isitshalo ngomanyolo olungiselelwe imifino, umhlabathi ovulekile noma ovaliwe.
Ukhula nokukhulula umhlabathi
IHorseradish ayidingi ukhula olukhethekile; amaqabunga amakhulu afihla ukhula futhi awavimbe ekukhuleni. Ukhula luyadingeka ezitshalweni ezincane enhlabathini esindayo, lapho kuqumba khona, kwakha umoya ukuvikela izimpande. Kusheshisa ukukhula kokuphuma kwamaqabunga, kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Ukuyekiswa kwenziwa ekujuleni okukhulu okungenzeka. Ukwandisa isisindo kanye ne-rhizome, amahlumela amasha aqabile, kepha lokhu akudingekile.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukulondolozwa, amaqabunga ayasuswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi; kukhethwa izinsuku zelanga ukuba zivunwe ukuze zome. Amahlamvu agcinwe kahle esitsheni semifino esiqandisini. Izimpande zisetshenziswa ngendlela ekheniweyo, ekheniweyo. Izimpande zigcinwa isikhathi eside uma ikhasi lingasuswa kuwo. Ahlanzwa esihlabathini esimanzi, asuswe lapho kunesidingo.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: okufanele ukwenze uma i-horseradish igcwalise isiza
Imifino enempilo ihlala iphenduka ukhula olubi. Lapho ukuvuna, impande ichotshozwa, khona-ke zonke izingcezu ziyahluma.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukusakazeka okungalawulwa kwe-horseradish:
- ayinakubekwa eduze kwezitshalo zaphakade, izihlahlana, izihlahla, ukususwa kwezimpande kunzima;
- inhlabathi enezinsalela zezimpande ezincane, imbewu ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwengeza ezinye izilimo, iyacetshiswa iphinde isetshenziswe ukulima ama-horseradish noma ifakwe umquba;
- amahlumela amancane angenasidingo "ayasawoti": ayanqunywa, embozwe ngosawoti ocolekile, ahlukaniswe namanzi, ukuze i-sodium chloride igxishwe ku-rhizome;
- amahlumela wonyaka afa ngemuva kokulashwa nge-Roundup, kepha impande izophinda ihlume, ukuncipha kuzodinga ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindekile kwekhemikhali elibolayo;
- ukuqubuka kwezimbali, ungavumeli imbewu ukuba yakheke.
Akunazinkinga ngokutshala okuhlukile kwezitshalo emathangini amakhulu, ukulima ama-horseradish njengesiko leminyaka emibili.
