I-Carnation luhlobo lwezitshalo eziqhakazayo ezivela emndenini we-Carnation. Umbali omuhle we-herbaceous perennial, ubhekisa endle nasengadini.
Igama lamukelwa sibonga amagama esi-2 esiGreek okusho unkulunkulu nembali. Olimini lwakudala ihunyushwa ngokuthi “imbali yaphezulu”.
Isici se-Carnation
Ukwakheka kwezimpande kuncike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo esitshalile. Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko:
- ukuhluma okujulile;
- amagatsha;
- i-fibrous.
Le mbali inethuba lokukhula kanyekanye kwezihluma zemifino nezimbali, ngenkathi inama-knotty thickenings. Amaqabunga akhiwe esiqwini angaba ezinhlobonhlobo eziningana: ulayini, umugqa we-lanceolate, umumo we-awl.
Ezimweni zakudala zama-clove, okubizwa ngokuthi i-lignation, ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni eziphansi zesiqu, kuyabonakala, ngoba lokhu kufana nesihlahla.
Esiqwini kukhona imbali eyi-1, enezinhlamvu ezinhlanu. Ipuleti le-petal liqondile, libanzi, noma ngomphetho wangaphandle onamathambo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezephula le mithetho. Isibonelo, banezimbali eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence. Umbala uhlukile, usuka kubomvu uye ku-lavender. Ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nemithunzi engajwayelekile, njengolintshi, luhlaza okotshani, onsomi.
Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomhlobiso womzimba, isisekelo sesiqu simbozwe ngezinwele ezincane, ezincanyana. Lokhu kuvikela kwezinambuzane zemvelo.
Kukhona ama-clove angajwayelekile afana ne-terry ne-semi-terry. Bahluke kakhulu kokujwayelekile kwendlela ababukeka ngayo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-carnations
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo, ngasinye sazo sihlukaniswe izinhlobonhlobo, kanti zona zicishe zibe yi-100%, zibe nezimpawu ezithile zokufana phakathi kwazo.
I-Alpine
Ungowezitshalo eziningana zonyaka. Ukuphakama kwesiqu kuze kufike ku-25 cm. Ngokukhula, kwakhiwa izihlahla ezifana nesihlahla. Adume kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Austria. Inamaqabunga amade, acashile apendwe aluhlaza.
Izimbali ngokwazo zikhulu, zinombala omuhle - i-lilac, nsomi, obomvu, okusajingijolo. Emaphethelweni, ama-petals, ngokungathi kunjalo, asikiwe, ingaphezulu linomakhiwo owakhiwe. Ezimweni zasendle, isikhathi sezimbali siba maphakathi nehlobo. Ekhaya, ungathola owesibili ekugcineni ehlobo.
I-Armeiform
Lesi sitshalo sinotshani, iziqu zinesimo esisezingeni eliphansi, kepha-ke, zifinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika kuma-50 cm. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi. Amaqabunga anomumo wobude, umbala oluhlaza, ubude ofinyelela ku-10,6 cm.
Le mbali iqukethe amacembe ama-5 anemibala epinki, yona embozwe ngentotho encane yamachashazi amhlophe. Zitholakala ezinhlotsheni ezi-2, zodwa nakuma-inflorescence. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
Qapha
Okungenhla, ukuphakama okuphakathi - kuze kufike ku-50 cm ubude. Okuvame kakhulu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kuvame ukutholakala eCrimea.
Isiqu sinombala oluhlaza grey, amaqabunga aqondile. Le mbali ingumbala onsomi, inephunga elimnandi. Ukuqhakaza kwezinhlobonhlobo lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nehlobo.
IGrenadine
Uhlobo oludumile lwamakhemikhali engadi. Kungokwesigaba se-perennial group. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okukhulu kubonakala ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Lolu hlobo, futhi, luhlukaniswe lwaba ngaphezulu kwe-2 ngesimo sezimbali: ezejwayelekile nezimbili. Ububanzi bawo womabili awudluli ku-6 cm. Amaqabunga akhiwe esiqwini mancane, acinene.
Inaliti (inaliti)
Izimbali zikhula ngazinye esiqwini esincanyana, esiphakeme, futhi zingaqoqwa kuma-inflorescence, aze abe yizicucu ezi-4.
Zinombala omhlophe ophuzi onsundu. It got igama layo ngesimo ebukhali amaqabunga, efana inaliti.
IsiShayina
Ukudubula okufushane okunokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-15 nobude obungama-40 cm. Amaqabunga mide futhi acishe, kwesinye isikhathi asonteke. Izimbali nazo ziza ngezinhlobo ezi-2 - i-terry futhi ilula. Maphakathi apendwe ngombala onsomi, asondele emaphethelweni ezinsimbi, aqala phakathi - okumhlophe.
Banesimo esihlangene kakhulu. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuba ukhule endaweni efulethini, kuvulandi. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo ukungabikho okuphelele kwephunga izimbali. Zitholakala ngawodwana, futhi ku-inflorescence yezingcezu ezi-4.
Knappa
I-Shrub perennial. Enye yezitshalo ezinomusa phakathi kwezithelo, enombala ophuzi wezimbali.
Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu, kepha luyenzeka nangama-buds amhlophe.
USandy
Yathola igama lendawo lapho yatholakala khona okokuqala. Ngokuya ngomhlabathi, ukhetha inhlabathi enesihlabathi. Ukudubula kuze kube ngu-40 cm ubude.
Izimbali zinombala opinki osayizi osayizi, amasentimitha angama-3,5. Amaphethelo wamahlumela ahlelwe ngefreyimu engajwayelekile.
Lush
Uhlobo lwembali yezimbali ekwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphela, ukukhula kukhetha izimbali, imiphetho yehlathi. Kwenzeka ogwini lolwandle.
I-specimens yomuntu ngamunye ingafinyelela kalula ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-50. Lapho ikhula, yakha isihlahla esivulekile esinamaqabunga angavamile amakha. Amabhulogi kabili ngesikhathi sehlobo, ekuqaleni, nasekupheleni.
Ingadi
Kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ngeDashi. Inamahlahla aqhakazayo akhula ngokushesha. Izimbali zinkulu, emilenzeni emide impela.
Kwenzeka ngesimo sokuhlala wedwa nama-inflorescence, imvamisa kakhulu ezihlokweni ezi-2. Isici esihlukile amathuba wokutshala unyaka wonke emabhodweni, ekhaya.
Utshani
Isiqu sinciphile kakhulu, futhi siphakathi ngokwesilinganiso singaba ngu-40 cm. Umbala wemvelo wezimbali zalokhu okuhlukahlukene upinki, i-carmine.
Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala kuma-buds amhlophe. Ngokuvamile, ngemidwebo kuma-petals. Lokhu kubhekwa njengento engavamile kakhulu futhi kuyaziswa kakhulu.
Isi-Turkish
Uhlobo lwendimbali olujwayelekile kakhulu kwezimbali. Kubhekiswa eqenjini labadala abaneminyaka emibili ngokuphila. Amahlumela afinyelela ku-65 cm.
Ama-inflorescence we-thyroid iqoqo lezimbali ezinhle, okungaphezu kwalokho, ezinephunga elimnandi.
USbahle
Kunezinhlobo zama-clove ama-bush, lena ingenye yazo. Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswa kangcono kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo. Isiqu sinezinyawo, singafinyelela ukuphakama okungama-60 cm. Izimbali ezikhula phezulu zikhulu kakhulu.
Ngobubanzi, angakhula afike kuma-7 cm. Anombala omhlophe ogqamile. Kukhona futhi izimo zezimbali ezipinki, eziphuzi, ezibomvu.
Izinhlobo zonyaka ezithandwayo kakhulu ngenxa yokungazilandeli kwawo uma kuqhathaniswa nalezi zisetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo awudingi ukudala indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Izici zezinhlaka ezikhathalelayo nezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezitshaliwe, ama-clove adinga ukuvuna ukhula njalo, ukuchelela nomanyolo. Kubalulekile ukususa izimbali ezonakalisiwe, ngenkathi kushiya isiqu singabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Lezo zinhlobonhlobo ezinesiqu esincanyana neside kufanele ziboshwe ngokusekelwa.
Ukunakekelwa kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezitshaliwe, imibandela yokukhula kwayo, izici zezulu nezindawo zomhlaba. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zithanda ukuvela kwezihlabathi ezinelanga, kepha zikhula kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlwa. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bezimbali, ukugqama nokugcwala kombala we-petals kuncike kulokhu, cishe zonke izinhlobo zithanda i-alkaline, inhlabathi evundiswe ngokulinganisela.
Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngesilinganiso somswakama wenhlabathi, udinga ukuqapha lokhu ngokucophelela. Ukweqile - akukuthinti kabi ukukhula.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingavikelekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isithwathwa senhlabathi, ngokuqala kwekwindla zidinga ukumbozwa. Kwenze okulandelayo. Kuzungeze imbali, kufakwa amabhodi, akha ishubhu, ngaphakathi lapho imbali kufanele ibe khona. Okulandelayo, ama-sawdust namaqabunga awile abekwa ngaphakathi, lokhu kuyadingeka ukufudumeza isitshalo ebusika, ingubo yokulala. Ngemuva kwalokho umklamo wambozwa ngefilimu.
Iqala kabusha kahle kakhulu. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa umquba noma umquba njengomanyolo.
Ngemuva kokuqeda inqubo yezimbali, kuyadingeka ukusika isiqu. Kulolu daba, kubalulekile ukuthi ibanga elisuka emhlabathini lisikiwe lingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Masinyane nje emva kokusebenza, inhlabathi ezungezile iyahlanganiswa, ikhululwe futhi iniselwe. Cishe inyanga ngemuva kwenqubo, amafomu amasha wokudubula, izimbali eziphindaphindwayo ziqala.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Carnation nokunakekelwa ekhaya
Ngokuhambisana nawo wonke ama-nuances nezici, ama-clove angaphila kalula iminyaka eyi-6, ngisho nasekhaya.
Ngokutshala kwamagumbi ngalesi sitshalo, indlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ngokusebenzisa imbewu iphelele. Kuyinto elula futhi evame kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhaya asikho isidingo sezithombo, ngoba imbewu itshalwa ngokushesha embizeni yezimbali, lapho ke kuyoqhakaza khona imbali enhle nenamakha.
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu senziwa ngokuqinile ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ukubonakala kwezimbali zokuqala kusondele ekuqaleni kwehlobo. I-substrate ekhethekile elungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa, iqukethe izingxenye eziningana: i-turf kanye neqabunga lomhlaba, i-peat, isihlabathi. Konke lokhu kuhlangana ku-2: 1: 1: 1 isilinganiso. Ukuze uvikele isitshalo ekuthelelekeni ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane, ingxube elungiselelwe iyabulala amagciwane.
Isixazululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate siphelele kulezi zinhloso. Ingxube iniselwa ngesisombululo kusengaphambili. Phansi embizeni, kukhiwa amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukufiphaza umswakama enhlabathini. Inani lembewu elitshaliwe incike ohlotsheni lwesitsha lapho izobekwa khona. Uma uhlela ukukhula ebhodweni, imbewu engu-2-3 izokwanela. Uma kusitsha, lapho kudingeka ukwenza ukungancishisi kube kuncane, ukuhlinzeka ibanga okungenani lama-20 cm phakathi kwezimbewu.
Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini kuze kufike cishe ku-0,3 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho wanisela, kodwa kuphela nge-nozzle ekhethekile yokufafaza. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi kungagxilili okusanhlamvu emhlabathini, hhayi ukuwaqeda. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula, kubekwa isitsha esinezinhlamvu lapho amazinga okushisa engeke abe ngaphansi, kepha hhayi aphezulu kuno-+24 ° C. Ukufeza inombolo oyifunayo, amboza okuthile ngesiqukathi.
Ukunakekela ama-clove, akhule ngaphakathi endlini, kulula kakhulu kunokunakekela isitshalo endaweni evulekile. Ubuncane obudingekayo: ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi okujwayelekile, ukugqoka phezulu nokusika.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence anqunywa kanye nesihloko sesiqu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-carnation izokwazi ukuqhakaza futhi, ijabulise izinhlobo zayo zomusa wezakhamuzi ezifuywayo.
Njengoba engeyena umsekeli wokunisela ngokweqile kanye nokuthoba, akunconywa ukubeka izimbiza zezimbali emakamelweni anomswakama omkhulu, ngokwesibonelo, endlini yokugezela. Udinga ukufaka ibhodwe endaweni enomoya omncane. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho ingaphezulu lendawo selomile ngamamitha ayi-10. Akunakwenzeka ukufafaza isitshalo, lokhu kuzothinta kabi ukukhula kwaso.
Kungenzeka futhi ukondla ama-clove angaphakathi, ngoba lokhu kuzovumela isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngokushesha futhi siqine. Ingubo yokuqala ephezulu ngokunisela yenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho isiqu sesikhulele ekuphakameni okungenani okungama-9 cm. Eyesibili isuselwa ekwakhekeni kwamahlamvu.
Ama-carnations asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi inqubo yokusika, okungukuthi, ukwahlukanisa imbali esihlahleni. Indlela isendaweni yonke. Bangakwazi ukwandisa cishe yonke carnations zisetshenziswa. Ukutshala, isihlabathi noma i-perlite iyadingeka. Inqubo yokutshala ngokwayo yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngalesi sikhathi sezikhathi amahlumela abonakala kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngeke zisadidaniswa ne-peduncle.
Iziqu ziyingxenye efanelekayo yesitshalo ngale ndlela, futhi ubude bazo kufanele bube okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Qikelela ngokuqinile inani lamaqabunga esiqwini - okungenani 3. Ngemuva kwalokho, kukhishwa ama-node 2 ongeziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho i-incision yenziwa kancane ngaphansi kwendawo ihlumela. Ukujula kokusika kubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele kube ngu-1/3 we-ubukhulu wesiqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezibekwayo zibekwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe ukutshala. Konke lokhu kwakhiwa kuvula ehlobo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo zezinto ezihlala abantu baseTurkey zingasatshalaliswa kalula ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma konke kwenziwa kahle, ukuqhakaza kuzoqala ehlobo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlumela amade zinconywa ukusabalalisa ngokwendlala. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulandelayo: okokuqala yenza ukubonakala okuvela phansi kwesiqu - phezulu, ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1/3 kwesiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye ngephini elisikiwe enhlabathini, isihlabathi sithululelwa phezu kwawo, bese kuthambisa kwenziwa. Lapho kuvela ukukhula okusha, isitshalo siyodinga ukuhlukaniswa futhi kutshalwe.
Ukuzala kabusha usebenzisa imbewu kusebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni zonyaka zalesi sitshalo.
Ukutshala ama-clove kunconyelwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengesitsha, amabhodwe agcwele isihlabathi aphelele. Izinga lokushisa elisithanda kakhulu lesi sitshalo akufanele lidlule + 20 ° C. Izithombo zokufakelwa kumele zibe ngokuqinile ngemuva kokuvela kwamabili amaqabunga amaqabunga.
Izifo kanye nezinambuzane zezinwele
Amakhefu ahlushwa yizifo nezinambuzane. Azikho izimbali ezine-immune immune ephelele, ngenxa yokuqhubeka kokukhula kwesikhunta namagciwane. Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi lendawo yonke lokugula. Noma inguqulo yangaphakathi yezimbali inethuba elikhulu lokuthola lesi sifo. Lokhu kufaka i-fungal izimpande ukubola. Ukuze isitshalo singaguli naso, kubalulekile ukwenza i-prophylaxis. Kuqukethe kokunisela ejwayelekile nokwe-dosed, drainage ehlanganiswe kahle yesitsha sezimbali.
Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukusindisa kulesi sifo, akunakwenzeka ukuselapha. Ukuphela kwento esisele ukukhipha kanye nokubhubhisa. Lapho-ke umhlabathi lapho bekukhona imbali egulayo idinga ukuphathwa ngesixazululo se-fungicidal sokutshala ingadi. Lokhu kungathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile.
Kakhulu kaningi kunasemhlabeni ovulekile, kepha osatholakala - i-heterosporiosis. Lokhu futhi kungukhunta, futhi futhi nokwehlulwa okubangelwa umkhaza ngesitshalo. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kuyefana. Ngemuva kokusiphula, inhlabathi kumele futhi iphathwe ngesisombululo esikhethekile.
UMnu Dachnik utusa: i-clove - izakhiwo zokwelapha, uhlelo lokusebenza
Sekuyisikhathi eside kwasetshenziswa amakhehla emithini yesintu. Uhlu lwezinto zalo eziwusizo lubanzi:
- i-antiseptic;
- impahla ye-antispasmodic;
- impahla ye-antivirus;
- umphumela wokugaya;
- ukungabulala magciwane.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuphikisana kokusetshenziswa kwalesi sitshalo. Ngeke isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungasebenzisi kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-gastritis, abesifazane abakhulelwe. Kuhle ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa phambi kwama-syndromes wokusebenza ngokweqile, ukungezwani.
