Ipea elimnandi - isitshalo esingemidumba yezithelo. Ngokuvamile kubizwa isikhundla. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iphunga elimnandi kakhulu livela kuma-corollas.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1000. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ama-perennials angenasisekelo atshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka.
Incazelo ye-Pea Emnandi
Ukuphakama kwamapheya amnandi kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 m. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha ukwesekwa okufanele. Izinhlobo ze-dwarf zamazinga awazidingi. Uhlelo lwezimpande olucishe lube ngamagatsha lube ngaphandle. Kuya ekujuleni kwe-1.5 m. Izici ezihlukanisayo zifaka futhi:
- amaqabunga amahle;
- izimpondo ezihlinzeka ngomzimba ngokusekelwa;
- ama-inflorescence avela kuma-axils amaqabunga amaqabunga. Ama-corollas, lapho kwakhiwa khona ibhulashi elinezimbali ezincane, anesimo esingajwayelekile. Izimbali zivame ukuqhathaniswa nezinundu nezikebhe zesikebhe;
- isithelo, okungubhontshisi. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu enkulu eyindilinga. Amakhemisi ahlala akhona endaweni yawo engemihle. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya komnyama onsundu. Imbewu igcina ukusebenza kweminyaka eyi-8;
- ngeziqu zokugibela ezibuthakathaka.
I-China ithanda imfudumalo nokukhanya kwelanga. Amahlumela amakhulu kakhulu futhi aqhakazile avela lapho kukhula lesi sitshalo esivandeni emzileni osenyakatho noma oPhakathi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zincane futhi zibukeka njengesijwayelekile.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngokuzicwala. Izimbali eziningi ziqala maphakathi nehlobo. Uma umlimi ezilandela zonke izeluleko, peas ziyaqhakaza iqhwa. Lesi siko singakubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya--5 ° C. Ukuthola imbewu, kwanele ukushiya inani elidingekayo likabhontshisi we-bivalve uze uvuthwe ngokuphelele. Ama-inflorescence asele ngemuva kokushiswa kufanele asuswe.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zephunga elimnandi
I-pennial peas inika ama-inflorescence aphuzi noma apinki. Iphalethi lonyaka ebeligcinwa abafuyi bezithelo libanzi kakhulu. Ama-Corollas angaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amhlophe, ama-burgundy, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abomvu futhi apinki.
Ngakho-ke, abalimi bavame ukutshala nzalo etholakala ngenxa yokuzalanisa izinhlobo eziphambili.
Zonke izinhlobo zepea elimnandi zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana.
| Iqembu | Incazelo |
| Spencer | Mude, umiswe ngezinyawo eziningi. Inika ama-peduncle aqinile. I-inflorescence iyakha ka-3-5 ama-corollas. Ama-petals ahlukile emaphethelweni we-wavy. Umbala uncike kwezinhlobonhlobo.Izinhlobonhlobo: I-Aristocrat - izimbali ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe enephunga elimnandi; uSir Arthur - uLilac othambile; uSir Charles - obomvu. |
| Umcabango | Icompact, hhayi ephakeme kuno-20 cm .. Isetshenziswe njengesembozo somhlabathi, esitshalwe kuma-curbs. |
| Cuthbertson | Iziqu ezinde, amabhulashi ane-flow flow eziningi. Ngamunye unama-corollas okungenani ama-8. Bheka ukusika kahle. |
| Mammut | Kufika ku-30 cm.I-peduncle enamandla, lapho kuvela khona ama-corollas amaningi amakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. |
| Ebukhosini | Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zakuqala nokulwa nokushisa. Izimbali ziqinile futhi ziqinile. Lezi zinhlobo zitshalwa ehlobo kuphela. |
| E-Bijou | Ukuphakama kwezihlahla awudluli ku-30 cm. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela ama-corollas amakhulu akhanyayo. |
| I-Pink Cupid | Izimbali zihlukaniswa umbala wazo wokuqala. Ubude bamahlumela bube ngu-30 cm. |
| I-Elegans yasebusika | Finyelela cm angama-180. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ukuqhakaza okwande kakhulu kungenzeka hhayi ehlobo kuphela kodwa nasekwindla. |
Khula uphizi omnandi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ama-peas amnandi atshalwa ngembewu ngezindlela ezimbili: izithombo (eNyakatho nePhakathi nendawo) kanye nezithombo (zisetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka eningizimu).
Indlela yesithombo yokukhula uphizi omnandi
Ukufinyelela umphumela wokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka
- cwilisa imbewu entwasahlobo;
- dala izimo zokugcina ukushisa kwezithombo. Ngokuntuleka kokushisa, umswakama nokukhanya kwelanga, amahlumela ngeke abe namandla;
- naka umbala wejazi lembewu ngesikhathi sokulungiselela kokuqala.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwelashwa kwembewu. Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi yezithelo eziqoqiwe noma ezitholiwe ezothuthuka, kuyadingeka ukuyicwilisa ku-saline. Ukuyilungiselela, udinga u-30 g kasawoti nelitha elilodwa lamanzi. Ngokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa lezo ezingene phansi. Imbewu ekhethiwe iyageza futhi ithululelwe ngamanzi asobala (+50 ° C) noma ngo-1-2 g weBud. Ubhontshisi ugcinwa kuwo amahora angama-12. Kanjalo thambisa igobolondo eliminyene. Ukugcotshwa emanzini kumele kube ngezithelo ezinsundu futhi nsundu. Uma utshala ubhontshisi okhanyayo no-ayisikhilimu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ulahlwe.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, ukuhluma kuyenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngendwangu emanzi futhi ibeke isixha esiphumela endaweni efudumele. Izithombo ziyahamba emavikini amabili emva kokutshala. Ukusheshisa le nqubo, abalimi abanolwazi babhoboza igobolondo lenzalo ngayinye ngenaliti.
Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa kwethanga, zibekwe ngaphandle ezingilazini ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Kufanele zimbozwe ngefilimu esobala. Ngalo, kwakhiwa umbuso ofanele wokushisa. Ukuvimbela ukwelula izithombo, udinga ukucindezela.
Ingxube yenhlabathi yokugcwalisa iziqholo ithengwa noma yenziwa ngokuzimela. Ngokuvamile kuqukethe umhlaba we-turf, i-peat ne-humus. Ngaphambi kokugibela, kufanele kukhishwe amagciwane. Imbewu yepea elimnandi ingcwatshwa ezingilazini ngo-30 mm. Ibanga phakathi kwabo lishiywe okungenani i-80 mm.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngokudlulisa izithombo, kunconyelwa ukutshala isikhundla esinamakha ku-Peat noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki. Inhlabathi esitsheni kumele ivuthwe njalo. Ekukhanyisweni okungekuhle eduze nezibuko udinga ukufaka ama-phytolamp. Ukusheshisa ukukhula kwama-side amahlumela, i-pinch yenziwa. Elinye igadango lokuphoqelela ukondla izithombo. Izitshalo zichithwa ngesisombululo seKemira.
Indlela engenazinkinga yokukhulisa uphizi omnandi
Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu yamantongomane ngqo enhlabathini, inhlabathi kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ibiwe, ithukululwe futhi idalulwe.
Entwasahlobo, ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini kungenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kepha ukuqhakaza kuzofika kungekudala kunendlela yokutshala.
Ukutshala ekwindla kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha kwezithombo kwezimo zezimo zezulu kanye nezimbali eziningi ehlobo. Inqubo ilula impela. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngemuva kokuqandelwa yiqhwa. Imbewu ibekwa ngemifantu. Ukujula kwengxenye ngayinye yazo akumele kudlule ku-5 cm. Shiya u-3-5 cm phakathi kwezimbewu. Leli banga lizokwanela ukukhula okujwayelekile kwesitshalo. Ngemuva kombhede udinga ukumboza ngesendlalelo somhlaba owomile nekhompiyutha. Ngenxa yokumelana nokubanda (kuze kufike ku-5 ° C), uphizi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimpawu zokuhlukahluka kwazo, ubusika emhlabathini (kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu). Uma zonke izincomo zilandelwa, amahlumela azovela maphakathi noMeyi.
Ngokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, imbewu kufanele ijule ngo-2-3 cm.
Ukutshala uphizi omnandi emhlabathini
Izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala kumele zenziwe lukhuni. Yenza lokhu amaviki 1.5. Isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni omusha sanda isikhathi ngasinye. Kancane kancane lesi sitshalo sizojwayela ushintsho lokushisa, okuzolithinta kahle izinga lokusebenza kwalo.
Izithombo ezikhulile zidluliselwa emhlabathini maphakathi noMeyi. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukungazinaki lesi sincomo kugqame ngokubonakala kokusha kwamaqabunga abucayi.
Indawo ekhethiweyo iyakhethwa, igxile ekuvikelweni emisebenzini engalungiswa nokukhanyisa. Indlela enhle yokuphuma kwalesisimo ingaba uhlangothi olunelanga lwe-gazebo. Kulokhu, shiya igumbi ukuze uthole ukwesekwa.
Esigabeni sokulungiselela, umanyolo wamaminerali kumele ungezwe emhlabathini. I-pea emnandi ikhula kahle emhlabathini onomswakama futhi uvunyelwe. I-asidi enkulu isuka ku-7.0 iye ku-7.5 ph.
Wells zenziwa endaweni yokumba. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-0,25 m. Izithombo ezingama-2-3 kufanele zitshalwe emgodini owodwa.
Lapho utshala, umlimi udinga ukulandela izincomo ezilula ezimbalwa:
- Amapisi amnandi awange atshalwe endaweni efanayo iminyaka eminingana.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqondile, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kombhangqwana wokuqala wamaqabunga eqabunga eqiniso, isitshalo kufanele sinamathiselwe kusekela noma ifasitelana.
- I-China ikhula kahle ngasohlangothini olunelanga.
- Umanyolo kudingeka ukuthi usetshenziswe kabili ngenyanga.
- Iziqu kufanele zibekwe endaweni ethe mpo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, igcwele ukuvela kokubola nezifo.
Ukunakekelwa kwethanga yengadi
Ukukhulisa isikhundla esinamakha, akuthathi umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi. Ngokuziphatha okufika ngesikhathi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezolimo, ngeke kube khona ubunzima. Ukuvama kokunisela kunqunywa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi, kepha kuncane. Emgqeni ophakathi kwe-1 m² Amabhakede ama-3-4 wokuwa kwamanzi.
Lapho umtshali ekhula, kuyodingeka aqondise iziqu zendlela efanelekile lapho esekelwa. Ngaphezu kokuncipha, ukugqoka phezulu nokunisela, uhlu lwezinyathelo ezidingekayo lubandakanya ukukhulula nokuqobisa. Ngaleyo ndlela uzuze izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zikapende amnandi.
Lapho uhola, engeza umhlabathi wezakhi ezisekelweni zezitshalo. Ukwakheka kukamanyolo kuncike esikhathini sokukhula. Amabhasi anikezwa isisombululo esine-Nitrophos ne-urea.
Kusetshenziswa ubusika obusetshenziswa noshukela obusika
Ukulungiselela isikhathi sokubanda ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi. Izixhasi ziyahlanzwa, amahlumela anqunywe. Isakhiwo simbozwe nge-humus kanye ne-sawdust. Ngokufaka mulching zivimbela ukulimala ezitshalweni ezingadini zangempela. Isitshalo siyahluma futhi emva kokuba inhlabathi incibilikile (ezifundeni eziseningizimu).
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, imfucumfucu yesitshalo iyasuswa; endaweni efanayo uphizi ungabuye uphinde utshalwe kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-4-5.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukulwa nezilokazane nezifo
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwama-aphid kanye nemichilo, imithombo elungiselelwe izithombo iphathwa ngesisombululo se-Chlorophos. Ngokungezelela kukho, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana neTsineb neTsiram. Phakathi kokwelashwa kokuvimbela kufanele okungenani kube izinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kufanele kunikezwe ngezindlela zokulwa ne-ascochitosis, i-mosaic mosaic, i-peronosporosis kanye ne-fusariosis. Ukususa i-pathology yokuqala, uphizi omnandi ufafazwa ngesisombululo, lapho iRogor ikhona.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-peronosporosis, amaqabunga kumele ahlanganiswe nesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal.
Ukuvela kwe-fusarium kufakazelwa ukubuna okusheshayo kwamahlamvu. Amabhasi athintekile kuzodingeka asuswe bese umhlabathi ungasebenzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ezinye izitshalo ziyohlupheka.
Kwenzeka into efanayo uma ipea elimnandi lingenwe yilelinye lamagciwane. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha lezi zifo.
UMnu Dachnik uyancomela: izinzuzo zokukhulisa uphizi omnandi
I-China izohlobisa noma isiphi isiza sangasese. Ukuthandwa kwalesi sitshalo kungenxa yokuhlobisa kwayo nephunga elimnandi. Ngenxa yebala lemibala ebanzi, umlimi uzokwazi ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele ngaphandle kobunzima.
Izinzuzo zephunga elimnandi zithathwa njengezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye nokuzithoba. Ngenxa yamahlamvu aminyene, amafomu esithunzi akhululekile. Ikhaphethi ekhanyayo yama-corollas anemibala eminingi izonikeza ingadi umsuka wayo kanye ne-charm. Amabhonasi angeziwe afaka ukukhula kwesitshalo okusheshayo kanye nenkathi yezimbali ende.
Amapayi amade ngokuvamile atshalwa ukuze asikwe. Uyaziswa futhi ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Isetshenziselwa ukudala ingemuva nokuhlobisa izinto zokuhlobisa. Lezi zindima zidlala indima.
Izinhlobo zezembozo ezingaphansi komhlaba zibukeka zizwakala kahle emagqumeni e-alpine, emngceleni, ezigcawini zezimbali, eziphukile emagqumeni. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nezinguquko zokushisa ezibukhali, uphizi omnandi uzojabulisa amehlo akho kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.
