I-Calendula unyaka otshani womndeni womndeni ka-Astrov. Indawo yokusabalalisa eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eMedithera, ENingizimu-Ntshonalanga Asia.
Leli igama elisemthethweni le-marigolds eyaziwayo. Izimbali ezingaphenduki zifanekisela uthando, impilo ende nobumsulwa. Imvamisa, i-calendula itshalwa kwizingoma ezixubile. Zifaka insield ngombala ophuzi norenji.
Incazelo yeCalendula
I-Calendula ebudaleni isihlahla esivuthayo, sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-70 cm, izimbali zikububanzi obungu-4 cm (amafomu wokuhlobisa - 8 cm). Isiko lingaba yinsimu kanye neyasendle. Izici ezihlukile zifaka:
- obhasikidi be-multifloral;
- ukuba khona komugqa owodwa noma emibili yamapheshana wesimo eside;
- ama-corollas angaphandle ayizi-pistillate nezilimi ezingamanga, ezinezifiso zangaphakathi kanye ne-tubular;
- i-heteromorphic curved achenes;
- iphunga elithile;
- ikhono lokunqanda izinambuzane.
Isiqu esiqondile siluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Imbozwe ngamahlamvu amaqabunga afana nefosholo, ngalinye linezinwele ezimfushane nezilukhuni. Ngenxa yazo, lesi sitshalo siba anamathela. Ukutholakala kwama-corollas ku-inflorescence ngqo kuya ngobulili. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, njengoba inezithombe eziningi.
UMarigolds uqala ukuqhakaza ngoJuni. Lesi sikhathi siphela ekwindla sekwephuzile. Izithelo zakhiwa ezitshalweni zabesifazane. AmaCalendula aqhakaza kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Uma ubuka imbali, ungabikezela isimo sezulu. Imbewu evuthiwe igcina ukukhula kwayo iminyaka emi-4-5. Isitshalo sithela kakhulu izithelo, ngakho-ke isivuno ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esikahle sizophakama impela.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-calendula
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-20. Iningi lazo lonyaka. Ku-vivo, insimu kanye ne-calendula yokwelapha ivame ukukhula.
Amafomu engadi atholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zemvelo.
Insimu
Yinkambu ye-calendula enenani lokuhlobisa. Isitshalo asinazindawo zokwelapha, ngakho-ke asisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Isiqu singenawo amandla, ukuphakama kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-30 cm. Amaqabunga amaqabunga e-obovate angama-pubescent nge-glandular villi. Esikhathini, ifomu le-ocher-yellow inflorescences. Izithelo zivela maphakathi nehlobo. Imbewu egobile ikhava ngameva. Izipikili zensimu ziyabonakala kumasayithi alahliwe nasezindaweni ezilahliwe. Engadini, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kukhule kanye nezinhlobiso zokuhlobisa.
Ezokwelapha
Le nhlobo isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Iziqu zesitshalo zibanzi futhi zinamagatsha anamabala ahlukahlukene. Ukuphakama konyaka akumele kudlule kumasentimitha angama-75. Izici ezinobuntu zifaka ukuba khona kokukhula okunamathelayo, umthunzi oluhlaza olukhanyayo wesiqu, amaqabunga okusaqanda alula. I-inflorescence ekhanyayo ye-orange ububanzi ifinyelela ku-6 cm. Iphunga eliqabulayo eliqabulayo livela kuma-corollas.
Ingadi
Lapho kudalwa izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, abafuyi bezinkomba babeqondiswa isikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuphakama kwezitshalo, ukuma nobukhulu be-inflorescence. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-calendula engadini zatholakala.
Isibonelo, izipikili zeqembu lePacific Ubuhle zivame ukuvuthwa kakhulu ukusikwa, kanti i-patio calendula itshalwe kuma-curbs, amaklabhu kanye nama-slide e-alpine ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlanganayo.
| Ibanga | Incazelo |
| Umsakazo | Ubude bezithombo ezihlotshisiwe busuka kumasentimitha angama-35 kuye kwangama-45. Ama-hemorrhea angama-terry corolas apendwe ngawolintshi okhanyayo. Ububanzi bawo buyi-6-7 cm. Amaqabunga e-oval ahlaba ngemithambo. Isiqu silukhuni futhi siqinile. |
| Ijusi | Isihlahla esiyindilinga, ububanzi bebhasikithi enesiqingatha awudluli ku-9 cm. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Isiqu saso si-pentahedral, ama-inflorescence akhiwa kusuka ku-yellow tubular kanye ne-salmon-orange corollas. |
| Isinxephezelo | Isihlahla esicwebezelayo, ukuphakama akudluli ku-45 cm. Obhasikidi abangamajikijolo baqoqwa kusuka kuzimbali eziqhamile zomhlanga. Amahlamvu amaqabunga apendwe emthunzini omnyama oluhlaza. |
| Ibhonasi | Kufika kuma-30 cm.I-corollas eminyene, enomqhele ophindwe kabili ngombala osawolintshi. Ububanzi babo buyi-8 cm okungenani. |
| Meisterstuyuk | Ihlathi alikho ngaphezu kuka-45 cm. Ububanzi bobhasikidi busuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 cm. Amapharalethi ansundu akhanyayo nokhanyayo angaba ngama-terry ne-semi-kabili. |
| Sonnstein | Ukuphakama kwesitshalo akukho ngaphezu kwama-50 cm. Amahlumela aluhlaza akhanyayo anendawo ebunjiwe. Kubhasikidi ophuzi ophuzi obukhulu bufika ku-7.5 cm. Amaqabunga anomumo obala. |
| Isikhulu samaNdiya | Amahlumela afinyelela ku-75 cm. Maphakathi kwamanani we-inflorescences kumnyama, amacembe ethusi-e-orange ahlotshiswe ngemigqa ye-burgundy. Obhaskiti be-Terry bakhulu ngosayizi. Ububanzi babo bufika ku-9 cm. Izimbali zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izimbali nokuhlobisa iziza zakho. |
Uhlu lwezinto zokuhlobisa luhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezinjengeGolden Emperor, i-Orange Koenig, iCalypso, i-Flames.
Izici zokukhula kwe-calendula
Ukubonakala kwesitshalo kuncike ekukhanyiseni kwendawo ekhethiwe. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuningana, okukubi nokuqhakaza kubhasikidi. Uma i-calendula itshalwe emthunzini, isiqu sayo siyolula okuningi. Isiko lesengadi elishiwo lingamelana neqhwa lasentwasahlobo nelokwindla ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Enye into ebalulekile inhlabathi evundile. Naphezu kokungabekezeleleki kwama-marigolds, izici zawo ezihlukahlukayo zibonakaliswa kahle lapho utshala enhlabathini enamanzi futhi evulekile.
I-Calendula ayihlobisi kuphela. AmaMarigold anomthelela omubi emhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilimo ezikhula eduzane zivikelekile emiphumeleni emibi yamagciwane kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Lezi zokugcina zifaka izimvemvane, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye neBhungane lembiza yamazambane. Ukunakekela i-calendula kulula kakhulu. Ukuze ikhule kahle futhi iqhume ngokuqhakaza, umlimi kudingeka alandele imithetho embalwa elula.
Ukutshala Imbewu kaMarigold Nezithombo
Ngenxa yesimo sayo sonyaka, i-calendula ikhula ngembewu. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala ukutholwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Imvamisa akukho bunzima ngokuthenga. Izindleko zincike ezicini zokuhlukahluka.
Emhlabathini ovulekile, ungatshala zombili imbewu nezithombo.
Indlela yokuqala isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezinde. Lapho ukhetha inketho yesibili, kuzofanela wenze umzamo omkhulu. Kukhethwa izakhamizi zasehlobo ezifuna ukufeza izimbali zokuqala.
Isikhathi sokutshala sinqunywa ngumgcini wegadi ngokwakhe. Izimbali zivame ukuqhakaza ezinyangeni ezingama-2,5 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ukufeza ukugeleza kwezimbali njalo, i-calendula ihlwanyelwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene (kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuLwezi).
I-Calendula yokusika itshalwe ngoMashi-Ephreli. Uma inhloso yokuba ngumhlali wasehlobo ukuhlobisa imingcele nemibhede yezimbali, imbewu ibekwa emhlabathini ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.
Lapho kukhula izithombo, imbewu ibekwa emabhodweni we-peat agcwaliswe kusengaphambili ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Izinto ezilungiselelwe zifakwa emafreyini, ukujula kwawo kungabi ngaphezu kuka-2 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthambisa kuyenziwa bese isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu esobala. Lokhu okudingekayo kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe umbuso ofanele wokushisa. Ezinsukwini zakuqala akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka +18 ºC. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokutshala. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukususa ifilimu.
Amazinga okushisa asekamelweni akufanele akhuphuke ngaphezulu kwe- +15 ºC. Izithombo zidinga ukuthambisa njalo, ukukhanyisa umfaniswano nokugqoka okuphezulu. Izithako zamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi zengezwa enhlabathini.
Ukutshala i-calendula emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze uzuze ukuqhakaza okuningana, kuyadingeka ukhethe imbewu ehlukile ngesimo esincane futhi esigobile. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi, ixege futhi ivundiswe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kukhona ukuvikeleka kokungalungiswa okuqinile. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso.
Indawo ekhethiwe yambiwa emavikini angama-1-2 ngaphambi kokuba kwehle. Vundiswa ngamaminerali kanye ne-humus. Ingxube kufanele ibe nezithako ezinjengesihlabathi, umquba nomlotha. Ukujula kwezimbobo okungenani kuka-2 cm. Phakathi kwezithombo kushiya kusuka ku-60 kuya ku-70 cm. Lapho kukhula i-calendula yokwelapha, ibanga lingaba lincane.
Lapho kusakazwa imbewu, inqubo yokutshala yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, imbewu itshalwa emigqonyeni ebilungiselelwe kwangaphambili.
Ngokwenza lokhu, gcina le mithetho elandelayo:
- ibanga - ukusuka ku-30 kuye ku-40 cm;
- ukujula komsele - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 cm.
Ukubeka i-calendula eduze kakhulu kunganciphisa ukukhula kwayo.
Izithombo atshalwe endaweni unomphela ngoMeyi. Ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini, kudingeka ziqiniswe kwithala noma kuvulandi. Lesi sikhathi sithatha cishe isonto.
Ukunakekelwa kweCalendula Engadini
Ukukhula ama-marigolds akuthathi isikhathi esiningi futhi akudingi mzamo omkhulu.
Isimo esiyinhloko ukuziphatha okufika ngesikhathi kwemisebenzi yezolimo. Lokhu kufaka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukukhulula ukhula.
Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, i-calendula izokuqhakaza kakhulu kuze kube sekwindla.
Ukunisela
Ukuqina kwale nqubo kuncike ezimweni zezulu. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu, kuzovela uqweqwe olunzima phezu kwenhlabathi. Ngenxa yakho, ukushintshanisa kwegesi ohlelweni lwezimpande kuyaphazamiseka.
Lapho unisela, ungavumeli ukumiswa isikhathi eside koketshezi.
Ngenxa yokunisela njalo, lesi sitshalo sizophila esikhathini esomile ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma kungekho umswakama owanele, inani lama-inflorescence lizokwehliswa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukwakheka kwengxube kuncike ngqo ezimfanelweni zokuqala zenhlabathi. Ngenxa yokungabekezeleleki kwayo, i-calendula ingakhula ngisho nasemhlabathini ongavundile. Kanye ngenyanga, izipikili zivundiswa ngama-nitrogen aqukethe ama-complexes. Kulokhu, umthamo kumele ubhekwe. Ukweqisa kwayo kukhonjiswa ngokucwaswa okubukhali kwama-inflorescence. Izicucu zemvelaphi yemvelo nazo zisetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu. Uhlu lufaka ukumfaka kwe-nettle, isixazululo se-mullein kanye nokuphonsa inyoni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-boron ibe yingxenye yenkimbinkimbi.
Phina
Ngale nqubo, ungakwazi ukwelula isikhathi sezimbali. Inqubo ilula impela. AmaCorollas adinga ukusikwa ngaphambi kokuba anciphe. Umqondo wokunciphisa futhi usho ukususwa kweziqongqongo ezibekwe ngaphezu kwephuzu lokukhula. Lapha yindawo lapho iqabunga leqabunga litholakala khona. Ingxenye ebekiwe yesitshalo kumele isuswe kusetshenziswa isikhafu. Njengomphumela, kuzokwakhiwa ama-inflorescence amasha namagatsha. Sika amahlumela kanye nama-corollas ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi komiswe.
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Imbewu ivunwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esichazayo. Lapho usika, obhasikidi abanezinhlamvu bayasuswa kanye nesiqeshana se-peduncle. Kufanele avuthwe. Ukuvimbela ukuphonsa futhi uzitholele imbewu elandelayo, kufanele kufakwe isikhwama se-gauze.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Calendula ayithinteki ezifweni eziningi nasezinambuzaneni. Ngomswakama ngokweqile esitshalweni, kungavela izimpawu ze-Powusy isikhutha kanye nokubona okumnyama. Inkinga ingaqedwa ngama fungicides. Phakathi kwazo, iTopsin, Skor, Fundazol noTopazaz bahlukaniswa. Isilinganiso esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokuvikela ukuvalwa kwamathanga.
I-Calendula ayesabi izinambuzane eziningi. Okuwukuphela kwento eyodwa kungaba ama-aphid. Ungawuqeda ngosizo lomuthi okhethekile, kufaka phakathi i-Antitlin, iFufanon, iBiotlin, iKarbofos, i-Aktellik ne-Akarin.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: i-calendula - udokotela engadini
Izici zokuphilisa ze-calendula zichazwa ngokuba khona kwalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ama-carotenoids - ukumisa izinqubo zokuvuvukala;
- ama-sterols - athuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokujikeleza kwegazi;
- ama-triterpenoids - hlela amazinga kashukela;
- ama-flavonoids - asheshise ukuvuselelwa kabusha, ahlanze umzimba ubuthi nobuthi;
- amafutha abalulekile - qinisa amasosha omzimba;
- ama-coumarins - anciphise ingozi ye-thrombosis;
- ikhalenda - amanxeba ayaphola;
- amavithamini kanye namaminerali - qeda ama-pathologies athathelanayo.
Amabhonasi angeziwe afaka ukuthuthukisa ubungqabavu, ukuzinza imetabolism futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi wohlelo lwezinzwa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-calendula komunye umuthi kanye ne-homeopathy, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela emibi ayinakugwenywa.
ICalendula ibukeka kahle ekutshaleni okukodwa kanye neqembu. Izinhlobo ezinde zisetshenziselwa ukudala isendlalelo, izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindlela zasengadini, uthango neziqithi. Ama-marigolds aphuzi namawolintshi ahlangana nezimbali ezinsomi, amabala kanye nezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
