Pepper luhlobo lwesitshalo se-herbaceous saminyaka yonke emndenini osondelene. Izwe lakubo yiMelika kanye nethropiki. Igama lesiLatini elithi Capsicum livela ekwakhekeni kwesibeletho ngendlela yesikhwama. Kukhona abanye abaningi: i-capicum yonyaka, i-paprika. Kunezinhlobo zokunambitha okubabayo nokumnandi, ngokwesibonelo, isiBulgaria.
Pepper: Kubalulekile Ekukhuleni
Ukutshala upelepele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kudinga indlela ngokucophelela nethembekile. Lesi sitshalo eseningizimu sithanda amazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi emgqeni ophakathi nendawo ungathola isivuno kakhulu kuphela ku-greenhouse. Isici esibalulekile ngamahora okukhanya kwemini, kufanele okungenani kube amahora ayi-12. Lesi simo sizosiza ukuthola izithelo eziningi ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ukukhetha kwepelepele
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokutshala akumele kusekelwe hhayi ekunambithekeni kwezithelo kuphela, kepha futhi enjongweni yazo. Uma i-pepper ihlelwe ukuba idliwe okusha, khona-ke izithelo ezinkulu ezinamanzi ezinodonga obukhulu ziyafaneleka. Ukuze izikhala ezingenalutho ebusika, kungcono ukukhetha ezincane nezinensimbi.
Enye into engathandeki yindawo yokubamba sezulu esishisayo. Isibonelo, kuma-Urals ngosizo lwama-ejenti wokumboza wesimanje: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafilimu ne-polycarbonate, isivuno esiphakeme singatholakala. Khulisa ngisho izinhlobo sekwephuzile ukukhethwa angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhetha upelepele wokuqala naphakathi nonyaka. Amabhishi aphansi alungele ukuphakama ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ukubhekana nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka ngakunye nokunquma ukukhetha, itafula lizosiza:
| Isihloko | Izinsuku zokuvula (izinsuku) | Ukuphakama (cm) / Isisindo (g) | Izici |
| I-Atlant | Kwasekuqaleni, 100-110. | 70-75. 180-200. | I-compact, inani elikhulu lezithelo. |
| Ushukela omnyama | 80. 70-95. | Umbala onsomi onsomi ongakajwayelekile. | |
| UWinnie the pooh | 25-30. 50-70. | Ukukhiqiza akuxhomekile kakhulu ezimweni zezulu. | |
| AmaHercule | Mid-isizini, 130-140. | 75-80. 220-300. | Kuhle ukuqeda nokusebenza. |
| UGolide | Mid-isizini, 115-120. | 30. 110-180. | Ibanga le-Universal. |
| I-Gladiator | Maphakathi sekwephuzile, 150. | 40-55. 160-350. | Ukumelana nezifo eziningi. |
| U-Ermak | Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, 95. | 35-45. 53-70. | |
| Umthengisi | Ukuqala, 110. | 70-90. 60-130. | Ukunambitheka okumnandi. |
| Isimangaliso seCalifornia | Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, 100-130. | 70-80. 80-160. | Ilungele ukupheka okusha kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokupheka. |
| Aphrodite | Medium ekuqaleni, 110-115. | 80-85. 170-220. | |
| Indoda ekhuluphele | Mid-isizini, 115-118. | 50-55. 130-200. | Ngokuzithoba ekuhambeni. |
| Beladonna | Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, 55-60. | 60-80. 120-170. | Ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile nangaphansi kwefilimu. |
| Izibulo laseSiberia | Mid-isizini, 100-110. | 40-45. 50-55. |
Lapho utshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukuzitshala ezindaweni ezikude engadini noma uzihlukanise nezinye izitshalo eziphakeme, ezinjengotamatisi noma ummbila. Lokhu kungenxa yokudluliselwa okusheshayo kwempova kusuka kwamanye amahlahla kuya kwamanye.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kufanelekile ukutshala imbewu engxenyeni yesibili kaJanuwari. Ezindaweni ezinentwasahlobo ebandayo evulekile, ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kuzonciphisa ukukhula kwesihlahla nokwenziwa kwesibeletho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amaqabunga okuqala akhula kuphela lapho kufika ilanga. Isikhathi esifanele sezifunda zasenyakatho nguFebhuwari.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yepelepele, kufanele uqale ulungiselele:
- Phatha into yokutshala ngesixazululo se-manganese noma i-iodine eyi-1% imizuzu engama-30 bese uhlanza.
- Bamba imizuzu engama-20 emanzini lokushisa oku-+53 ° C. Enye indlela yokungenisa imbewu ngesixazululo se-Epin-extra.
- Hlela ezitsheni bese ushiya ukhula endaweni efudumele, ungamboza ngendwangu emanzi.
Yonke le minqingo izokuvumela ukuthi uthole amahlumela ashesha kakhulu phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Isigaba esilandelayo ingxube yenhlabathi enomsoco evela esihlabathini, emhlabeni naku-humus ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 2. Inketho elula ukuxubanisa ingxenye eyodwa yezithelo kanye nenhlabathi ethathwe embhedeni. Kulesi simo, ukubulala amagciwane ngamanzi abilayo noma isixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink of potanganum permanganate kuphoqelekile. Isengezo esihle singaba umlotha, nge-1 kg yesigatshana 1 tbsp. l noma ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 15.
Ukujula okufanele kwezimbewu kungu-1-1,5 cm, ukuzenza emhlabathini kulula ngenduku noma emuva kwepensela. Amakati amancane awakubekezeleli ukukha, anezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuwatshala ngokushesha ku-Peat noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki eyodwa ngasikhathi. Ububanzi bungama-8-10 cm, kungcono ukungathathi iziqukathi ezinkulu, lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo. Abanye abantu basebenzisa amaphilisi akhethekile ngale njongo, angathengwa esitolo kanye nama-pallets.
Uma ukhetho lwenziwa luthandela isitsha esibanzi, khona-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwamakhuba enezinhlamvu ezibekwe kuwo yi-3-5 cm. Ngemuva kokubekwa kanye ukufafazwa komhlaba phezulu, into yokutshala kumele iniselwe. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, udinga umphumela we-greenhouse, ngoba lokhu, faka i-polyethylene ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, indawo yokukhosela kumele isuswe, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizophuma futhi zibe buthakathaka.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ngobudlelwano obuphakathi kokushisa nesikhathi sokubukeka kwamahlumela: ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu + 36 ... +40 ° C, imbewu ngeke iqhume. Uma i-thermometer yehlela ngaphansi kuka-+19 ° C, izinto zokutshala zimane zibole.
| Ukushisa (° C) | Ukuhluma kwembewu (izinsuku) |
| +28… +32 | 6-7 |
| +25… +27 | 14-15 |
| +22 | 20 |
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, amanani okushisa afanele: phakathi nosuku + 26 ... +28 ° C, futhi ebusuku + 10 ... +15 ° C.
Ukunisela kujwayelekile, njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2, ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Amanzi, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, afudumele + 25 ... 30 ° C. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuthola okungcono komoya-mpilo, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi ekujuleni kwama-5-6 cm.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo, ukugqoka okungaphezulu kuka-3 kuyadingeka:
- Ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala: 1 tbsp. l i-urea ngamalitha ayi-10.
- Elesibili lethulwa ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-2-3.
- Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokudlulisela endaweni yaphakade.
Ukukhula ngokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, ngisho nasezindaweni eziseningizimu, ayisetshenziswa ngenxa yokukhula kancane nokwenziwa kwezithelo ezibuthakathaka nezesikhashana.
Enye indlela engajwayelekile ukukhula imbewu enkubeni. Leli gama lalivela ngenxa yomucu omncane we-polypropylene osongwe ngendlela yobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-15-18. Kuleli qhwa kungumhlabathi noma ingxube yezakhi kanye nembewu yepelepele ebekwe ithawula elimanzi.
Ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma enhlabathini
Pepper isitshalo eseningizimu, sithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele namazinga okushisa aphakeme kahle. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezibandayo, kufanelekile ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo ku-greenhouse. Inethuba lokudala izimo ezifanelekileyo zokukhula nentuthuko, kanye nokuthola izithelo eziningi. Imithetho yokunakekelwa eyisisekelo iyafana nokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukutshala upelepele endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ungathumela izithombo zikapelepele kwifilimu noma kwiglasi engaphansi. Ipulasitiki yePolycarbonate izibonakalise iphelele, ihlala isikhathi eside, idlulisela ukukhanya, ibekezelela amazinga okushisa ngokweqile.
Izinsuku zokutshala upelepele egreenhouse ngokwekhalenda leLunar 2019 - Meyi 14-16, Juni 6.
Izimo ezibalulekile zokukhula ngempumelelo kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovaliwe yilezi:
- Inhlabathi enomsoco ocebisa nge-pH 6-7 imvelo.
- Inani elanele lokukhanya, lokhu kuthinta kakhulu i-fruiting. Ukutshala okuncane kanye nebanga elide phakathi kwezihlahla.
- Izinga lokushisa le-Optimum: + 23 ... +26 ° C.
- Umswakama we-Comfort 70-75%.
Ukutshala upelepele lwangaphandle
Izinsuku zokutshala izithombo zepepper enhlabathini evulekile ngokwekhalenda leLunar 2019 - Juni 11-12.
Impumelelo ekutholeni isivuno esicebile salesi sitshalo incike ikakhulukazi ekukhetheni isiza. Kufanele ube ngumbhede onelanga elanele nokuvikelwa okusalungiswa.
Kungcono ukutshala upelepele ngemuva kweklabishi, ubhontshisi noma ukhukhamba. Uma kule ndawo ngesizini edlule kukhule: utamatisi, amazambane kanye nesitshalo seqanda, lapho-ke udinga ukukhetha enye ngenxa yamagciwane nezinambuzane ezingaba khona ezigcinwe emhlabathini.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ekhethiwe kuqala ekwindla. Kuyadingeka ukususa wonke ukhula, izingxenye ezisele zezinye izitshalo bese umba umhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, vundisa:
- kabili superphosphate 50 g;
- umlotha 70-75 g;
- humus 5-10 kg;
- entwasahlobo - Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ngoMeyi, inhlabathi idinga ukukhululwa futhi idambiswe kancane. Imithetho yokunakekela esele iyafana nezincomo zamahholo okugcina ingadi.
Lapho udlulisela izitshalo ezincane enhlabathini, ukufakelwa kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimali izimpande ezibuthakathaka. Kungcono ukukhipha isihlahla esisha esitsheni ngenhlama yomhlaba. Ukujula komgodi kuyalingana nokuphakama kwembiza lapho upelepele ukhule khona. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-30-40 cm, ungenza imigqa noma indawo kuphethini lokuhlola. Kuyadingeka ukujulisa isithombo ukuze okungenani kube ngu-2 cm phakathi kwenhlabathi namaqabunga okuqala. Le nqubo iqhutshwa kangcono kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa lapho kungekho ilanga elisebenza kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa Kw Pepper
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwama-pepper pepper ngemuva kokutshala kukhula ngesikhathi, ukhula kwenhlabathi, ukuthambisa njalo nokufaka umanyolo ngezikhathi ezithile zempilo yesitshalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukwenza ukwakheka kwesihlahla futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukulungiselela izisekeli, ngoba izinhlobo ezinde kudingeka ziboshwe. Konke lokhu kuzokhulisa kahle ukwenziwa izithelo.
Ukunisela nokondla
Isitshalo sithanda ukuchelela njalo, ungakwenza kanye ezinsukwini ezi-5 ekuseni. Umthamo wamanzi esihlahleni esidala ungamalitha ama-2, kanti elilodwa lanele esitshalweni esincane. Amanzi amahle kakhulu ayimvula noma afudumele, futhi amanzi ompompi nawo kufanelekile, okumele avikelwe phakathi nosuku. Ukuchelela kusondele kakhulu ohlelweni lwezimpande, ukugwema umswakama kumapuleti eqabunga.
Lapho ukhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngemuva kokuthambisa umsipha ongaphansi komhlaba, ukufakwa komoya nsuku zonke kufanele kwenziwe, noma kunjalo, okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ingxenye yesembozo sefilimu ingasuswa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-3:
- Emavikini la-2 ngemuva kwekufakelwa, kungcono kwetfula imfucumfucu yenkukhu lehlisiwe ngesilinganiso se-1: 20. Ngesihlahla ngasinye, kudingeka amalitha ayi-1-2.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqanda: i-mullein ihlanjululwe ngamanzi 1:10. Ungafaka umquba ngomlotha noma ku-1 litre engeza ama-6 g we-superphosphate, 2 g we-potassium no-1 g we-ammonium nitrate.
- Ekuqaleni kokuvunwa, iresiphi iyefana nakwinto yokuqala.
Kuyadingeka ukusondela ngokucophelela izithasiselo zokondliwa; ukushoda noma ukweqisa kwezinto ezithile kubonakala ekubonakaleni kwesihlahla:
| Into yokuntuleka | Izimpawu zangaphandle |
| Potassium | Amacembe omile futhi agobile. |
| Iphosphorus | Phansi kwepuleti leqabunga kungububende. |
| I-nitrogen | Ukushintshwa kombala wama-greens kuya emthunzini ompunga. |
| Magnesium | Umqhele wemabula. |
Ukuvula amandla
Ngemuva kosuku, ukhulula inhlabathi bese ukhula ukhula uyanconywa. Ukuze kukhishwe amanzi kangcono, kusetshenziswe ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugcinwa komswakama, kusetshenziswa izithombo zezihlahla zesigaxa somuna, umquba noma umswakama. Ukhula nokususa ukhula kuzosiza ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngezifo eziyingozi.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izihlahla kaningana. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kususwe izindawo ezimaxekile futhi ezinezithunzi, kanye namahlumela amade kakhulu. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukucindezela: amahlumela namaqabunga ngezansi kwemfoloko main ayasuswa. Uma kungenjalo i-2, kepha iziqu ezi-3 ziphuma kuyo, khona-ke eyesithathu nayo kufanele isuswe. Imvamisa, ukwakheka kwesihlahla kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvuna izithelo noma njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye ne-hybrid ngokuvamile azidingi izihlahla.
Ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, udinga ukuyeka ukukhula kwezihlahla ngokunamathisela eziqongweni bese ushiya amaqanda kuphela, futhi wonke ama-buds kufanele anqunywe. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole upelepele omkhulu onesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngoSepthemba.
Inani nosayizi wezithelo kungalawulwa ngokushiya okuningi emithini eqinile futhi kunciphise inani ngokususa izimbali ezinhle kakhulu kwababuthakathaka. Futhi, kwesinye isitshalo ngasinye kumfoloko, kwakhiwa umbungu okhiqiza into - inhibitor. Uma udinga upelepele omkhulu noma imbewu yakho yokutshala, kuyashiywa futhi kukhishwe ezingeni le-ovary ukuthola ezincane.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Pepper isitshalo semifino esivikela izifo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukunakekelwa kungathathwanga, kuhlaselwa izinambuzane futhi, uma kungekho usizo kumgcini wegadi, nokufa imbala. Nquma kahle ukugula kwezibonakaliso zokuqala bese uthola ukwelashwa okulungile kuzosiza itafula:
| Izifo / inkathazo | Ukubonakaliswa | Izindlela zokulungisa |
| Ukulimala okufika lapho | Amabala amnyama ansundu. | Ukukhetha izinhlobo zokumelana nezifo. Isicelo sokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ukulwa nezinambuzane, ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezithintekile, ukhula lokhula. |
| IStolbur (phytoplasmosis) | Isihlahla siphenduka siphuzi, ukukhula kumile, izithelo ziphenduke zibomvu ngaphambi kohlelo. | |
| Cladosporiosis | Ukufa okuluhlaza okotshani, ukufa. | Ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides: Isithiyo, i-Barriers noma i-vitriol: 10 l 1 tbsp. |
| I-Vertex ne-White Rot | Izindawo ezithintekile eziluhlaza okotshani nezinsundu | Ukuhambisana nezinkomba ezidingekayo zokushisa nomswakama. Ukugoqeka ngesikhathi |
| I-plaque ekhanyayo. | Amanzi afudumele wokunisela, umoya omncane wokugcina umoya ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. | |
| I-Verticilezis | Ukwehla nokudilika kwemibala yamaqabunga. | Faka amagciwane ngaphansi komhlaba, izihlahla ezonakalisiwe. |
| Umlenze omnyama | Simnyama futhi somisa isiqu. | Icubungula izithombo ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ukuphonsa inhlabathi kuhhavini noma uchithe amanzi abilayo. |
| I-Colorado amazambane amazambane | Ukuvela kwezibungu kanye nabantu abadala ababonakala ngokusobala. | Ukuqoqwa kwezinambuzane. Ukusebenza kwe-Aktar ne-Commander. |
| Meyi | Kudliwa ingxenye yemvelo, ukufa kwesitshalo sonke. | |
| I-Medvedka | Ukubamba abantu abadala, kukhulula umhlaba phakathi kwemigqa. I-Medvetox. | |
| Ama-aphid | Izimbali zomile, izithelo azikhuli. | Ukungena komoya njalo kwama-greenhouse. Isidakamizwa i-Findowstsid noma i-tincture: ingilazi yomlotha kanye ne-150-200 g yomhlonyane ngamalitha ayi-10, ake ume amahora ama-2-3. |
| Ama-Thrips | Ukomisa nokugoqa amaqabunga. | Izilokazane ezi-Flushing ngomfudlana we-hose, zifaka izicupho, zisebenza: 1 tsp. anyanisi kuya ku-1 tbsp. amanzi, amelana namahora angama-24. |
| I-Whitefly | Ukusika ingaphezulu, kufafaza igumbi ngezinhlaka ezisalfa. Ukufafaza ngesisombululo sikagalikhi: inhloko ye-0,5 l, ume izinsuku eziyi-7, thela amanzi ngesilinganiso se-1 g ilitha ngalinye. Amakhemikhali: Confidor, Fufanon. | |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Amachashazi aphuzi. | Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane: Actellic. Ukufafaza nge-bleach ehlanjululwe ngo-2%. |
| Scoop | Ukuluma izimbali, izithelo. | Ukumba isendlalelo ebusika, kuqoqwe ngesandla amathrekhi. Amakhemikhali: I-Arriva, iKarate Zeon, iDecis. |
| Slug | Ukugoqa izithelo. | Ukhula lokhula. Fafaza i-aisle ngephepha elimnyama lomhlabathi noma uthuli kagwayi. |
UMnu. Dachnik uyancomela: Indlela ekhulayo ye-pepper evila
Ungakhula upelepisi kanye nendlela yobuvila, engathathi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulandela izincomo ezithile:
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokususela ekukhanyiseni kwegumbi. Ngelanga elanele: ukuphela kukaMashi - ukuqala kuka-Ephreli. Kumawindows abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga: izinsuku zokugcina zikaFebhuwari noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaMashi.
- Ukuhluma okungcono, imbewu kumele ifakwe emanzini.
- Inhlabathi ivundile: ebhakedeni lomhlaba 1/3 womquba nengilazi yomlotha. Isendlalelo esithengiwe futhi kufanelekile.
- Ukulanda kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso ezitsheni ezincane ezinokuphakama komhlaba okungu-5-6 cm.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo, umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe izikhathi ezi-2-3.
- Izinhlobo ezisanda kuvuthwa neziphakathi nendawo kufanele zigqunywe ezingeni lamapuleti amaqabunga angama-5-6. Le nqubo izosiza igatsha lezithombo futhi lihambisane nezimo uma zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, indlela leyo kumele isetshenziswe ezingxenyeni zezithombo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni isitshalo ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
- Ukudlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngemuva kukaJuni 10, futhi ngaphansi kwefilimu maphakathi noMeyi.
- Ekuqaleni, ukufafaza inhlabathi. Isendlalelo - 5-6 cm kusuka otshanini, humus, amahlamvu.
- Izithelo kumele zisuswe njengoba zivuthwa futhi zingachichimi emithini.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 zepepper. Lokhu kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhethe inketho efanelekayo yokukhula emhlabathini ovulekile nakuhlaza okotshani. Ukugcwalisa izincomo okuhlongozwayo zokunakekela isitshalo, kulula ukuthola isitshalo esimnandi futhi esiningi.
