I-Cineraria: Ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwangaphandle

I-cineraria ingeyomndeni wakwa-Astrov. Isakhiwo sifana nohlobo lweKrestovnikovs. Endle, ikhula ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika ashisayo. Imbali isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuhlobisa izingadi, imibhede yezimbali, imingcele exubile.

Incazelo yeCineraria

NgesiLatini, igama lembali lisho i-ashen. Lokhu kungama-herbaceous perennial ngesimo sesihlahla somhlobiso. Alizibekezeleli isithwathwa, ngakho-ke eRussia litshalwa njengento yonyaka, eneminyaka emibili.

Ifinyelela ku-30-90 cm, ihlumela ihlumela. Izinhlobo eziningi ezinamaqabunga e-cirrus ahlukaniswe ngamahlamvu. Amapulangwe ayindilinga, ama-pubescent, ububanzi.

Izimbali zomhlanga ngendlela yama-tubules zakha i-inflorescence enjengesihlangu. Ama-petals anemibala ehlukahlukene: obomvu, omhlophe, we-canary, ohudulayo. Izimbali zinde: kusuka enyangeni yokuqala ehlobo kuya kwisithwathwa.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-cineraria

I-genus cineraria ifaka izinhlobo ezingama-50. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abakhulele endaweni enobuciko. Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu ama-2:

amahlamvu okuhlobisa - atshalwe endaweni evulekile;
izimbali zokuhlobisa - zenzelwe ukulungiswa kwekhaya.

Isiliva (ulwandle)

Ukhule ezingadini. Amacembe ama-Basal aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aqoqwe ku-rosette. I-cineraria yolwandle iyathandwa ekubonakaleni komhlaba. Le nhlobonhlobo ibizwa ngokuthi uthuli lwesiliva.

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:

Isihloko	Ukuphakama (cm)	Kushiya
Izintuli zesiliva	15-20	Umhlobiso, umucu.
Cirrus	20	Kunamazinyo, okusaqanda.

Igazi (hybrid)

Lokhu kuphela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhulile endlini. Kodwa-ke, ezincwadini ezikwi-botany kungokomndeni wakwaKrestovnikov.

Kufika kuma-30 cm, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Amahlamvu makhulu, e-oval, afinyelela ku-10-20 cm. Ukuqhathanisa okumibalabala nokuhlaza okwenziwe ngombala kudalwe izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo olufana nama-gerberas noma ama-daisies. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-hybrid cineraria:

Isihloko	Ukuphakama (cm)	Izimbali (circumference in cm)
I-Grandiflora	50-70	5-8
Kabili	35-70	5
IStellata	70-90	2-4
Uzwela	20-60	4

Unomusa

Amagatsha ayengamagatsha, aze afike ku-60 cm. Ama-Shoots namapuleti ambozwe nge-villi enamathelayo. Ama-Budget akha obhasikidi. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu:

Isihloko	Ukuphakama (cm)	Izimbali
I-Nanus	25	Amathoni ahlukile
ILigulosus	Kufika kuma-60	Terry, ama-shades ahlukahlukene

Ukulinywa kwe-cineraria

Ukutshala kungenziwa ngokushesha emgwaqweni noma ezitshalweni. Indlela yesibili iyathandeka, uma kunjalo izimbali zizoba zinde.

Ukukhula i-cineraria ngokusebenzisa izithombo

Imvamisa, imbewu yokutshala imbewu ithengwa esitolo sezimbali. Banokuhluma okuhle. Ukuqoqwa kwembewu kuyaqabukela, ngoba isitshalo asitholakali kakhulu ezingadini zaseRussia.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli:

Thela Peat ngesihlabathi esitsheni (1: 1).
Sakaza imbewu ngaphandle kokumba emhlabathini.
Thinta umhlabathi ngombusi wokhuni.
Izithombo zikaMoisten ngebhodlela lokufafaza nge-nozzle enhle noma ngokunisela okuphansi.
Mboza ngeglasi noma ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki ukuze udale indawo ebamba ukushisa. Susa indawo yokukhosela nsuku zonke ukuze kungene umoya omncane, ukuchelela nokususa ukuhwamuka ezindongeni.
Amahlumela okuqala avela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlela iziqukathi egumbini eliqhakazile.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-2 angempela, donsela amahlumela ngesigaxa sobumba kube izinkomishi ezihlukile, okungcono kuma-peat-humus briquette.

Izimo ezidingekayo kwi-cineraria

Imithetho yokuqukethwe elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:

I-Factor	Izimo
Indawo	Khetha okugqamile. Mthunzi ekushiseni kwasemini. Bangashisa imifino. Lokhu kuzodala amabala ansundu.
Ukushisa	Okungcono - + 15 ... +18 ° С. Ku-+20 ° C nangaphezulu, imifino iyophela. Ebusuku, lesi sitshalo sibekezelela ukwehla kube ngu-+5 ° C. Uma i-cineraria ikhula ekhaya, khona-ke kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba kugcine ku-loggia, ithala, egumbini elinomoya elingene njalo.
Inhlabathi	Lapho utshala engadini, pre-dig umhlaba, wenza Peat, umquba nesihlabathi. Izitshalo zasendlini zidinga ukutshalwa ezitsheni eziphakathi nendawo ezigcwele inhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi eqinile, umquba. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokutshala, kunconywa ukufaka izingcezu zamagxolo we-coniferous kanye nomlotha wezinkuni endaweni ephansi ukuvikela ukulimala kwezifo.
Umswakama	Kude, kepha awukwazi ukufafaza isihlahla ngenxa yenqwaba. Ekamelweni ungabeka ubhasikidi nge-moss oswakanyisiwe. Emgwaqweni, nisela inhlabathi kakhulu ngaphandle kokugcwala i-rhizome.
Ukunisela	Okuningi, kepha gwema ukumanzisa uketshezi. Ngemuva kokuthambisa, ukhulula inhlabathi, wephule uqweqwe olunzima.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu	Imvamisa, ikakhulukazi uma imbali itshalwe kwisakhi esisesimweni esiphansi. Yenza ukuxutshwa kwezimbiwa izikhathi ezimbalwa ngenyanga. Entwasahlobo - Umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ukwakha isiga esihle esihle esiluhlaza. Ehlobo - izinhlanganisela ze-phosphorus zokuqhakaza kahle. Shintsha amaminerali abe yi-organic (mullein) kaningana phakathi nenkathi. Amakhophi wasendlini adla kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Izihlahla	Ngemuva kokushiswa, nciphisa ama-inflorescence. Finyeza amagatsha akhula ngendlela engafanele.

Ukutshala nokunakekela i-cineraria yangaphandle

Ukutshala engadini kwenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi, lapho amathuba okubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo enyamalala. Inqubo-nyathelo-nenqubo:

Khetha indawo ekhanywa enomsoco, inhlabathi ye-alkali noma i-acidity engathathi hlangothi.
Bamba imigodi yokufika, ushiye ibanga elingama-20-25 cm.
Hambisa amahlahla ngesihlahla sobumba emithonjeni.
Uphelele futhi unisele umhlaba.
Ukuvimbela ukuqeda kusihlwa, faka izitshalo ngendwangu esembozayo efayilini le-polypropylene. Khumula ekuseni.

Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokunisela. Ngoketshezi olunganele, isihlahla siba buthaka bese sibuna, futhi ngomswakama owedlulele, kuvela izimpande, imbali izofa ngenxa yalokho. Isitshalo siyamelana nesomiso, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuhlushwa amanzi emvula.

Ngemuva kokunisela, kubalulekile ukukhulula umbuthano wesiqu. Ngenqubo, chitha utshani bokhula.

Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-cineraria

Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinamaqabunga zisakazwa ngokusikwa. Amahlumela atshalwe kusikiwe. Leli yibhokisi elithwalayo elingathuthelwa kwenye indawo ukuvikela izihlahla emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Yenziwe ngemishayo yokhuni namashidi we-plywood. Izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi zenziwa phansi.

Ukufakelwa indawo kwenziwa ekwindla:

Hlukanisa ukusikeka.
Thela inhlabathi engadi ebukhulu engu-10 cm esitsheni esikhethekile.
Beka ungqimba lwesihlabathi (cm 5-7).
Faka isilinganiso ebusweni bese umswakama ngekhambi le-pinki le-potanganum permanganate (ye-disinfection).
Faka ukusika ku-accelerator yokukhula (ngokwesibonelo, iKornevin) amahora ambalwa.
Tshala amahlumela, uguqe inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu.
Mboza ngebhodlela (usike intamo) ngokulinamathisela kancane emhlabathini. Amanzi avela ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.
Ngemuva kokufaka izimpande, qala ukujwayela izihlahla ezincane emvelweni. Thatha indawo yokukhosela nsuku zonke amahora angu-1-2, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi.
Ngemuva kwesonto, susa ngokuphelele ibhodlela. Kungcono isimo sezulu esinamafu noma imvula.
Ukuze ubusika lihlelele kabusha egumbini elipholile.
Entwasahlobo, umhlaba emhlabeni.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Cineraria imelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokulimazeka kwezinambuzane. Noma kunjalo, amaphutha okuqukethwe okuqukethwe angadala izinkinga ezilandelayo:

Izifo / inkathazo	Izimpawu	Izindlela zokulawula
I-Powdery hlobo	Umnyama, ukomiswa kokuluhlaza okotshani. Amabala amhlophe akhiqiza amaconsi abukeka njengamazolo. Ukuwa kwamahlamvu.	Susa izingxenye ezithintekile. Phatha ngesisombululo se-soda (1 g wamanzi 3 g wezinto). Sula nge-infusion yegalikhi (uthele ama-25 g we-1 litre koketshezi bese ushiya amahora angama-24). Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithengiwe: Tiovit Jet, Bayleton, Topaz, Hom, Vitaros, Fundazol, Skor, Vectra. Shintsha ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu lube olusha (olwa-disinal) ngaphambili.
Ukugqwala	Ama-pustule e-Orange anezimo ezahlukahlukene nosayizi. I-powder ewa kubo umbala wombala wokugqwala. Iphuzi nokuwa ekuqaleni kwamaqabunga.	Ukubhubhisa amaqabunga anezifo. Phatha ngesibabule se-colloidal, iBordeaux ketshezi 1%. Faka isicelo se-Abiga-Peak, Cumulus, Poliram, amalungiselelo weStrobi. Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2, phinda ukwelashwa.
Ama-aphid	Inhlanganisela ethambile yesirayidi engxenyeni yomoya. Ukufika kwe-Microscopic kusuka ku-proboscis. Amachashazi amnyama noma aluhlaza ahambayo. Ukubukeka kwezintuthwane eduze nesihlahla, okuheha uketshezi olunoshukela. Ukushintshwa kokuluhlaza okotshani. Isilahla isitshalo.	Ukuhlanzeka kuhlanzekile. Sula ngesisombululo se-soapy. Letha izinyoni engadini. Ukuthenga izibungu zezitha zemvelo esitolo sezimbali: ama-lacewings, ama-ladybugs, ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu, njll. Fafaza ngama-insecticides: I-Fitoverm, Arrow, Tanrek.
Isikhala sesicabucabu	Iwebhu emincane (ikakhulukazi kusuka ngaphansi kwamahlamvu amaqabunga). Amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe (ulandelela emihlathini yesinambuzane). Ukuguqulwa kwe-efihlekile, amaqabunga, amahlumela. Imifino ephuzi.	Hlukana nesihlahla. Hlanza izinambuzane ngomfudlana wamanzi. Phatha ngesixazululo sotshwala. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithengiwe: i-Apollo, i-Actofit, i-Vermitek, i-Actellik, ne-Neoron.

UMnu Dachnik utusa: ukuthi wenzeni nge-cineraria ebusika

Enkabeni yeRussia, kukhula imbali njengonyaka, ngoba ngeke ikwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa emgwaqweni. Ekwindla sekwedlule, amahlumela wonke ayachithwa, isiza sembiwe.

Abanye abalimi bagcina izihlahla zonyaka olandelayo. Adonswa ezimbizeni bese edluliselwa egumbini elikhanyisiwe, elipholile (+ 10 ... +15 ° C). Esimweni esinjalo bazoqhakaza. Entwasahlobo, izitshalo ziphinde zitshalwe engadini.

Eningizimu yeRussia, imbali ingabusika emigwaqweni. Ukuvimbela ukuqandeka, kuyadingeka ukusimboza ngokhuni olufile lwe-10-15 cm noma ngamagatsha wefir spruce. Lapho iqhwa liyancibilika nomhlaba ufudumele (ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi), susa indawo yokuhlala.

I-Cineraria imbali eqinile yokuhlobisa engadingi amakhono akhethekile nolwazi lokuzala. Ngisho nabaqalayo ku-floriculture bangabhekana nakho. Lapho edala zonke izimo zentuthuko, akavamile ukugula futhi uthokozela ubuhle bakhe isizini yonke.