I-bamboo isitshalo esikhula ngokushesha esidala esikhula endle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisakazeke emazweni ase-Asia. Akulungile ukubiza isitshalo ngokuthi isihlahla; kungummeleli womndeni wokusanhlamvu. Ezimweni ze-latitude ezifudumele kukhula ezingadini zobusika, ezindlini.
Ezindongeni eziseningizimu kulinywa endaweni evulekile. Ngenxa yokukhula okusebenzayo, amandla okwenza isiqu esiqinile, i-bamboo ejwayelekile isibe uphawu lokukhuthazela, ukuqina.
Incazelo ye-bamboo
Iziqu zesitshalo zibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi ama-straws. Ngokushesha zixhuma, amagatsha engxenyeni ephezulu kuphela. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amahlumela akhula aze afike kumamitha angama-50. Amacembe amade, ama-lanceolate. Amahlumela we-Spikelet akhiwe ngokunye kwezinye izinhlobo; kwezinye, akhula ngamaqembu. I-bamboo akuvamile ukuqhakaza ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, okusanhlamvu kufa ngokuphelele, kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle lapho impande ephilayo ihlala. Isici esihlukile sesitshalo ukuqhuma kwezimbali kwezihlahla eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.
I-bamboo kade yasebenza njengento yokwakha. Isiqu esikhanyayo esiyindilinga (utshani) siyaziswa ngokuhlobisa kwawo, sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokuqala zangaphakathi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-bamboo
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi, ezithandwa kakhulu ziningana:
- ISaza ikhule ezivandeni zaseJapan, kunezinhlobo ezimfushane nezikhula isikhathi eside, ukuphakama kweziqu kusuka ku-25 cm kuya ku-2,5 metres. Amaqabunga e-Kuril saza afinyelela ku-13 cm ubude afinyelela ku-25 mm ububanzi. ISaza Nebulosa ifana nesundu; izinhlobonhlobo zeVichy zinegolide elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- I-Fargesia noma i-bamboo yamaShayina yiqembu lezitshalo eziphakathi nendawo. Ubude bamapuleti eshidi bufika ku-10 cm; ububanzi bufika ku-15 mm.
Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingama-40 ze-fargesia zokutshala kwasekhaya, izingadi zasebusika:
- I-Shiny ibekezelela kahle amaqhwa, hibernates ngaphandle kobuhlungu emhlabathini ovulekile, iziqu lapho zithontelana zithola umbala omnandi onsundu;
- Iqoqo elisha laziswa ingaphandle: isiqu esimnyama se-cherry esine-tint yansomi siqhathanisa imifino ebomvu;
- I-McClue ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-3.5 ukuphakama, izinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukutshala olayini, uthango lwamaski, izihlalo zomgwaqo
- I-Eisenach, iGreat Wall - izinhlobo zoqalo ezinamaqabunga amancane amnyama aluhlaza, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukudala uthango;
- ISimba, iJumbo, iBimbo - izinhlobo ezikhula ngezinga eliphansi zokukhula ekhaya.
I-Phyllostachis yizinhlobo zohlobo lwe-bamboo ezinde ezinama-internode amafushane, amabalethi anemibala noma agqamile:
- mnyama (iziqu ziqala ukuba mnyama emva kweminyaka emibili yokukhula);
- ngama-rose anemibala egolide kanye nokuqina kokusomi;
- umbala okhanyayo, umbala ongafani nalutho uqala ukubonisa lapho ihlumela liginqika ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, lolu hlobo lokuthanda ukushisa lusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba;
- luhlaza, hhayi zonke izinhlobo ze-bamboo ezishintsha umbala we-stem ngesikhathi sokukhula;
- Tan, lo umehluko wendabuko we-bamboo uvame ukuhlanganiswa nomthunzi ohlukile wama-internode.
I-Pleioblastus - izinhlobo ezimfushane, okukhona phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobo ezixubile. I-Shrub ilungele ukukhula ekhaya.
Izici zokukhula ngoqalo enkundleni evulekile
Izinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo ze-bamboo zikhula maphakathi nethambeka, zibekezelela iqhwa laze laya ku-20 ° С. Kwisitjalo esizeni, kukhethwe izindawo ezivunyelwe kahle emoyeni. Ebusika, iqhwa kufanele lihlale phezu kokwehla; uma kuwuphephetha umoya, i-bamboo izoba yiqhwa.
Isitshalo sitshalwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, esigabeni sokukhula kwezimpande ezisebenzayo. Inhlabathi iyadingeka eqondile, ukukhanya. Ngobumba, inhlabathi esindayo, enqabile, u-bamboo awukhuli, uqala ukubuna bese ubhubha ngokushesha. Inhlabathi iyadingeka ngokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane. Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa inhlabathi enomsoco ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus.
Ukutshala ngaphandle kwe-bamboo
Kunconywa ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala kwentwasahlobo ekwindla. Zenziwe zajula, zafika ku-40 cm. Inhlabathi ekhishwe egodini ixubene ne-humus kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 1. Ebusika, umgodi wokufika ugcwaliswa kuphela kuma-1/3 we-ukujula, okwenza i-tubercle encane. Yonke inhlabathi ibekwa eduze komgodi. Uma kungenzeki ukulungiselela indawo yokutshala ekwindla, ngaphambi kokutshala bamboo, umgodi uchitheka kahle, ushiywe izinsuku ezingama-3-4, bese umhlaba umi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-bamboo ilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile: isigaxa sobumba sigcwele kahle ngamanzi, singene sigcoba ebhodweni emanzini. Shiya okungenani amahora amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela endaweni ethambekele ukuze singalimazi izimpande. Lesi sakamuva siqondile, sitshale ngoqalo, simbozwe ngenhlabathi. Bese uthele ngamanzi. Inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala kumele ihlanganiswe, ichotshozwe ngezinyawo zayo ukuze kungabikho zimpawu, kuphela amasentimitha ayi-5 aphezulu asele.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-bamboo kwangaphandle
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhula ngoqalo bufika phansi kokunisela ejwayelekile, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukuncipha, ukuze amahlumela angaphazamiseki. Into ngayinye kufanele ishiwo ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukunisela
Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-cuttings adinga ukuthambisa okwenele amasonto ambalwa okuqala. Kuphela ngemvula ejwayelekile lapho umhlabathi ungangezi futhi umswakama. Ukugcina umswakama, inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ezincane ifafazwa nge-humus eyomile, umhlaba ufudumala kangcono. Uma kungenzeki kaningi ukunisela izitshalo ezincane, inhlabathi ezungezile idonswa ifilimu emnyama, lapho ifudunyeziwe, amanzi aqala ukukhuphuka ekujuleni, aye ezimpandeni. Ehlobo elinamazolo amaningi, ngesikhathi sokuna kwemvula siyancishiswa. Izitshalo ezindala azinamanzi angaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki (kucatshangelwa imvula). Ngokuvela okusondele kwamanzi omhlaba, kubalulekile ukusondela mathupha kuhulumeni wokunisela. Lapho amanzi eqina, amaqabunga ayoba aphuzi. Phakathi kokunisela kuyelulekwa ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo ibe ngu-5 cm.
Izihlahla
Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka kwentwasahlobo ukususa iziqu ezonakele, ezisontekile nezineqhwa. Ukutshala okuncane kunciphile ukuze ilanga lingene ekujuleni. Lapho usika, isiqu sisuswa ezingeni lomhlaba ngaphandle kokushiya isiphunzi, noma ifindo. Isiqu sinqunywe ngaphezulu kwe-internode iqala ukukhula, kuzofanela futhi sinqunywe. Ekwindla, akusekho ngisho amahlumela ¼ asuswa, iziqu ezisikiwe zivame ukushiyelwa ebusika ezitshalweni, futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudala amakhitshi ebusika avikela kusuka kusihlwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo, i-organics yengezwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo. Ngokungezelela kumanyolo we-nitrogen asebenzisa amaminerali, isilinganiso esifanele sama-phosphates, i-nitrogen, i-potassium 3: 4: 2. Ekwindla, khuphula inani le-phosphorus (4: 4: 2). Umhlaba uyathukululwa, imigqomo eyomile ivaliwe enhlabathini kuze kube ngu-3 cm, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa ngezinga lezipuni ezi-1 (ibhokisi elijwayelekile) kumitha elilodwa lesikwele.
Ubusika
Ukugcina izimpande ezifrijini ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane, isiyingi sesiqu simbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch sisuka ku-5 siye ku-10 cm. Ngale njongo kusetshenziswa ukugoqwa kwezinkuni ezomile, utshani noma utshani obomile. Abanye abalimi bamboza ngoqalo ngamaqabunga owomile. Kulokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi uwaphathe kuqala ngama-insecticides. Ekuvikelweni kweqhwa, amagatsha omile asetshenziswa, anamathele emhlabathini nxazonke zokwehla.
Kubalulekile ukuthi i-bamboo isinde ebusika bokuqala, yona inzima kakhulu kulesi sitshalo. Isiqu sezinhlobonhlobo ezithanda ukushisa sifa ngo-17 ° C; kohlelo lwezimpande, lokushisa elingaphansi kuka -8 ° C alinconywa. Ngobubanzi beqhwa elingamasentimitha ayi-15, amafriji awesabi ukubamba.
Ukunakekelwa kwasendlini kwasendlini
Ukukhula ngoqalo lwendlu ngezindlela eziningi kufana nokuyihlakulela endaweni evulekile. Ukuze kube lula, i-algorithm yokunakekelwa iyabhalwa.
| I-Factor | Incazelo |
| Indawo nokukhanya | Ama-Florists ancoma ukubeka bamboo emafasiteleni abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga, ukukhanya okungahambi kahle kuzonikeza ikhethini le-mesh. Ngokuntuleka kwelanga, lesi sitshalo sizodonsa amaqabunga. |
| Ukushisa | Imodi elungile yokukhula isuka ku-+18 kuya ku-25 ° С, i-shrub ibekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu ezinsukwini zasehlobo ngaphandle kwengcindezi, umehluko obukhali phakathi kokushisa kobusuku nemini awunasidingo. |
| Inhlabathi | I-bamboo ayisiyisiqholo; inhlabathi yanoma yiziphi izimbali, amathe, utamatisi, umhlabathi jikelele uyifanele. Phansi lapho ufika, kufakwa amanzi. |
| Ikhono | Kuyelulekwa ukukhetha ibhodwe lobumba ukuze liphefumule. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokushesha umthamo ojulile nobubanzi, isitshalo sidinga igumbi. |
| Ukunisela | Isigaxa sodaka akufanele some ngaphandle; simunyiswe njengoba womile. Amahlumela amasha aniselwa kakhulu kuphela ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhula. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuvikela ukungahambi kwamanzi. |
| Umswakama | Kungcono ukusula amaqabunga e-bamboo masonto onke ukuze uthuli lungabutheli kuwo. Ukufafaza okungamanzi kwenziwa kakhulu, kusihlwa kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezishisayo isitshalo esivunyelwe ukuba siphumule emlilweni. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Iyinkimbinkimbi yonke yamaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo iyadingeka. Kuyaluleka ukukhetha okokugqoka okuphezulu kwama-dracaenas, uma kungenjalo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-Agricola yendawo yonke yezitshalo zasendlini. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: izindlela zokukhulisa bamboo ekhaya
Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle emanzini. Kwanele ukukushintsha kanye ngesonto. Izinhlobo zasendlini azikhukhumali, zisheshe zifumane isisindo, zinikeze ukuhlukaniswa. Kuvunyelwe ukufaka izithasiselo zokukhula nomanyolo emanzini (1/3 wenani elinconyiwe ukuze kungabikho ukucindezela kwesithombo). Ezimweni zasendlini noma engadini yasebusika ngokutshala kwenhlabathi, iziqu ze-bamboo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2. Okwesikhashana nje, abatshali bezimbali bakha ama thicake wangempela ezishisayo. Kubalulekile ukondla isiko ngendlela yesikhathi, hhayi ukuyekisa amanzi.
Ipulasitiki ayinconywa ukuthi itshalwe, kungcono ukhethe izingqimba noma izingilazi zensimbi ezingenasici ezinamthamo omkhulu, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amajuba aphezulu. Imikhumbi ibekwa eduze kwefasitela noma ngomthombo wokukhanya. Isitshalo sinikeza ukukhula okuhle ngaphansi kwe-phytolamp. Amanzi amahlumela we-bamboo amiswa ngokwejwayelekile esitsheni esivulekile ukuze i-chlorine ivele.
Amanzi angahlungiwe noma kampompi awalungele isitshalo. Isitshalo siphendula kahle ukuncibilikisa amanzi.
Ukusakazwa kwe-bamboo
Imbewu ye-bamboo yasendlini empeleni ayikhulisi, kunzima kakhulu futhi yinde ukukhulisa izithombo ngale ndlela.
Indlela ekhiqiza kangcono yokusakazeka ithathwa njengezisiko. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa amahlumela amasha, anqunywa entwasahlobo kusuka kusiqu esiyinhloko sesitshalo esivuthiwe. Ama-cuttings ahlukaniswa ngaphandle kokulimaza, atshalwe enhlabathini enomswakama ukuze ikhule.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuchazwe ngenhla. Phansi kwetanki lokufika. Ukuze ungabandakanyeki ekufakweni kwezitshalo ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2, beka isithombo ebhodweni elikhulu. Ubukhulu bezinsika abunandaba.
Ukusika kwenziwa kanye nokudlulisa izitshalo ezitsheni esisha, ezinobukhulu obungu-3-5 cm ubukhulu nokujula kuneyangaphambili. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo. Ama-cuttings avumelana nezimo kahle, aqala izimpande ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukomisa kwethala elimanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane zoqalo
Izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zilwa nezifo, azithintwa izinambuzane. Abanye kuphela bahlaselwa yizicabucabu zesicabucabu, bakhangwa yimifino emnandi. Ukwelashwa kweziqu namaqabunga athintekile, noma imaphi ama-acaricides asetshenziswa, adotshwa ngokwemiyalo. Ukufafaza kwenziwa kusihlwa, esimweni sezulu ezolile, kusetshenziswa imishini yokuzivikela.
Izikelemu kwesinye isikhathi ziyavela, lezi zinambuzane ezincane zesaba izitshalo noma izinambuzane ezinamakhemikhali.
Kulezifo zokukhunta, “ukugqwala” kwamahlamvu okubonwa ngoqalo; kukhula isimo sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, inhlabathi iphathwa nge-phytosporin eyomile. Lapho kuvela amabala, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa.
Amaqabunga aphuzi ekwindla awathathwa njengesifo, lesi sitshalo sehla ama-25 kuya kwangama-50% amahlamvu ebusika. Ehlobo, kuphuzi kuvela i-chlorosis, amaqabunga amaqabunga aba sobala, acwebile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, ngokugcwala kwe-chlorine enhlabathini (usawoti womhlabathi). Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu kumanyolo we-nitrogen, i-yellowness iyanyamalala.
