Igama elidumile lesifo samagilebhisi elihambisana nokuphulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll ubuthakathaka obuphaphathekile. Amaqabunga amaqabunga ajika aphuzi, umbala ophuzi abonakale kuwo. I-Chlorosis idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze i-normal metabolism yeseli yenze ngokwejwayelekile, uma kungenjalo amaqanda aqala ukuwa, amaqabunga awa. Lesi sifo asinzima ukuthola, kepha ukuthola izimbangela zalokhu kunzima. Amabhasi athintekile azungeza kakhulu, isivuno siyancipha. Ezinye izinhlobo ezithambekele kwi-chlorosis zivame ukuphathwa njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela.
Izinhlobo, izimbangela, izimpawu ze-chlorosis yamagilebhisi
I-Chlorosis iyathathelana futhi ayitheleleki.
I-chlorosis yegciwane
Ifomu lokutheleleka kwenzeka lapho igciwane lingena:
- ngokusebenzisa amanxeba avela ezinambuzaneni eziunca igazi;
- kusuka kwisithombo esingenwe yileli gciwane kulethwa emasimini;
- ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-scion, uma isitoko sithathwe emvinini othelelekile.
Kubonakala njengezindawo eziphuzi emaqabungeni, ikakhulukazi eduze kwemithambo nemithambo ngokwayo. Amahlamvu aba mosaic. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokutheleleka kwe-cell metabolism emvinini ibizwa ngokuthi i-yellow mosaic.
E-Russia, lesi sifo asivamile, kepha ukutheleleka esimweni esifudumele kuvame ukwanda. Izimpande, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziyathinteka, umvini kufanele ulahlwe. Amagciwane awesabi isithwathwa, isibulala-zinambuzane. Ngomqondo onjalo, izihlahla zomvini zishiswa.
Izinhlobo ze-chlorosis yomzimba
I-chlorosis engatheleleki ibangela amaqabunga amaningi aphuzi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, i-zinc, isibabule, i-magnesium, i-iron. Ngokwazisa kwamaminerali ngezimpande noma amapuleti eqabunga, isimo sesitshalo siyazinza. Ukondla kuyindlela eqinisekile.
I-Edaphic ihlotshaniswa nokuswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini kanye nezimo zezulu ezingejwayelekile:
- ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa;
- ukupholisa ebusuku okungalindelekile;
- isikhathi esomile.
Ngokwesimo salesi sifo, kukhethwa izindlela zokwelashwa - zisusa izimbangela ezidale ukuntuleka kwe-chlorophyll. Uma ungathathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo, amaqabunga alimile ayoma, amafomu amafushane, amahlumela akhula ephansi.
ICarbonate iyisimo semvelo yenhlabathi enama-alkaline, kukhona insimbi, kepha ayithakwa. I-calcium iyakuvimba ukunyakaza kwama-ayoni wensimbi, amahlathi abuna ngokoqobo ngaphambi kwamehlo ethu.
I-chlorosis yokuntuleka kwe-iron iqala kancane. Ukubona ukuthi kunzima. Ngaphandle, lesi sifo sifana nokuntuleka komswakama. Kepha ngemuva kokunisela, isimo somvini siba sibi. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi kulesi sitshalo kwenzeka ngokungafani nesizinda sethusi emhlabathini (amaminerali angena nge-Bordeaux fluid).
Ukuntuleka kwezinye izinto zomkhondo, izimpawu kumagilebhisi:
- lapho isitshalo sidinga i-bromine, ukubola kombala, ukubonwa kwama-ovari kuyimpawu;
- i-zinc top dress iyadingeka uma amaqabunga eba luhlaza okhanyayo, aphela, ancipha kancane;
- i-magnesium inquma iminyaka yamagilebhisi, ngokuntuleka kwamagilebhisi, amaqabunga aphansi ayawa, isiqu siveziwe, simnyama;
- UManganese ubandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwe-chlorophyll, lapho kutholakala ukuthi kukhona ukungabi nalutho, kuvela umngcele ophuzi emaphepheni.
Izenzo zokuthola i-chlorosis nezindlela zokwelashwa
Okokuqala kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi asikho isifo esithathelwanayo. Isibonakaliso esiqinisekile imicu eluhlaza eqabunga. Hlola umvini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. I-Chlorosis ivame ukuvela ezitshalweni ezimbalwa eziseduze ezikhulayo ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyelulekwa ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha i-acidity enhlabathini ukuze ukhethe umanyolo ofanele noma umkhiqizo oqukethe insimbi.
Ifomu le-carbonate yikho okuvame kakhulu. Inqubo eyenziwe ngama-chelates eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe noma eyenziwe ngokuzilungiselela lapho kunokushoda kwensimbi. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, itshalwe ku-200-400 g ye-iron sulfate enhlabathini. Benza okufanayo ekwindla. Ehlobo, afafaza amagilebhisi nge-1% iron sulfate noma nge-iron chelate (10 l wamanzi, 7 g we-citric acid, 10 g we-iron sulfate). Ngomswakama womhlabathi okhuphukile, ukumuncwa kwezinto zomkhondo ngezimpande kuthuthukisa i-ammonium nitrate noma i-sulfate, ibopha i-nitrogen eyeqile.
Akufanele wenze amalungiselelo kanye nomanyolo ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla.Kungcono ukukwenza lokhu epanini elikhethekile eli-40 cm ukujula endaweni engaba ngama-80 cm eceleni kobubanzi besihlahla. Nisela isitshalo ngaphambi nangemva kokugqoka.
Nge-calcareous chlorosis, i-sulfuric acid enamanzi ayisizayo (i-acid ithululelwa emanzini ngengxenye ka-1: 10). I-5 l yesisombululo esinjalo iniselwa zonke izihlahla.
Futhi, ukuvimbela i-chlorosis, ubhontshisi, i-alfalfa, i-clover, okusanhlamvu kutshalwe ngemigqa phakathi kwemigqa.
Kungakuhle ukuthi ufeze ukugqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-foliar top ukuze ulondoloze ukungagcineki kwamagilebhisi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuzoba nentuthuko ebonakalayo. Kepha uma isizathu esikhulu sokwephulwa kwe-chlorophyll synthesis ezimpandeni ukuthi azidli izinto ezidingekayo, amaqabunga ayojika aphuzi futhi.
Ukugcwalisa umhlaba nge-urea kunikeza umphumela omuhle, kunika i-acidity edingekayo, ngokushesha kumunca umvini. Eminye imithombo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-nitrogen: nitrophoska; azofoska.
Kubo kufakwe i-potassium nitrate, i-superphosphate. Ukuvimbela, ungasebenzisa uketshezi lwe-Bordeaux, luqukethe ithusi ne-calcium. Nge-photosynthesis ephelele, wonke ama-macro nama-micronutrients ayadingeka.
I-Chlorosis ukumelana nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi
Akukho ukuphunyula ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane. Lapho sikhuluma ngamasheya azinzileyo amagilebhisi, sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zesifo ezingatheleleki. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinokuzivikela okuhle ezingakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezelwa kwesimo sezulu ngaphandle kwe-chlorosis, kunezinhlobo zezithelo zewayini nezetafula:
- I-Alexa
- IVenus
- Thokozani
- I-mascot eseMpumalanga;
- Zaporizhzhya omile;
- ICabernet Sauvignon;
- I-Limberger
- I-Muscatel;
- Muller-Tingau;
- IPinot Meunier;
- IsiPutukezi
- I-Pink Timur;
- Trollinger;
- I-Saint Laurent;
- Chasla
- Elbling.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezitholakele lincane kakhulu. Uma ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bulandelwa, i-chlorosis kumagilebhisi ingagwenywa.
