Isifo iFusarium siyisifo esiyingozi esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ungalwa nalesi sifo, isivuno samatamatisi sizolahleka ngokuphelele.
Izimpawu nezimbangela ze-fusarium yamatamatisi
Isitshalo esinegciwane singabonakala ngezimpawu eziningana, phakathi kwawo kukhona owomile, osontekile namahlamvu awayo. Isihlahla siqala ukubola sisuka ngaphansi, ngemuva kokuthi kuthintwe amagatsha amancane izimpande ezinkulu. Isitshalo siyabuna bese sifa.
Isiko lemifino lingabangelwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- indawo yokutshala;
- umswakama ngokweqile;
- ukuntuleka kokukhanya;
- imbewu ethelelekile
- umthamo ongafanele womanyolo we-nitrogen.
Isikhunta singena kulesi sitshalo ngemanxeba nangamifantu. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuqala, kukhulu ithuba lokululama. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukususa i-fusarium yamatamatisi. Lesi sifo esingalapheki singamiswa kuphela.
Ukuxilonga lesi sifo akunzima: vele wenze ukubukeka kwesiqu sesitshalo. Uma utamatisi uthinteka yiFusarium, amabala ansundu kanye aphuzi azobonakala kusiki.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukugula kuhlala kulula ukukuvikela kunokulapha. I-Fusariosis yamatamatisi ayihlukile kulo mthetho. Uhlu lwezindlela zokuthibela lufaka:
- ukujikeleza kokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Uma insimu yendlu ingahlukile endaweni enkulu, inhlabathi embhedeni kufanele ivuselelwe minyaka yonke. Isilimo semifino esichaziwe asinakotshalwa ngemuva kwamazambane, isithonjana segadi, i-chrysanthemums, i-phlox, ezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini osondelene;
- ukubulala amagciwane imbewu. Imbewu kufanele iphathwe nge-fungicides nama-benzimidazoles. Lokhu kufaka iBenazol neFundazol. Ekamelweni lapho izithombo zitholakala khona, umbuso wokushisa ofanele kufanele ugcinwe (hhayi ophakeme kuno-+25 ° C);
- ukulima umhlaba. Ngemuva kokuvunwa, indawo kumele ihlanzwe yonke yonke izinsalela bese ibiwa. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi kumele ichithwe ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi noma i-potanganum permanganate (potassium permanganate). I-Fusarium ingavinjelwa nge-limestone, ufulawa we-dolomite, umlotha wezinkuni nesibabule;
- ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba katamatisi. Lokhu kungatholakala kusetshenziswa iTrosodermin. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela walesi sidakamizwa, ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wogesi we-Effekton.
Umgcini wegadi akufanele akhohlwe ngokuchelela okulungile kanye ne-microclimate. Lesi sakamuva siphatha utamatisi otshalwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo. Esendlini esivikelayo, umswakama akufanele wedlule ama-60%. Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe kuzinto zezitamatisi. Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zinamathuba amancane kunezi ezinye izinhlobo ukuthi zingatheleleka. Amelana kakhulu nezinguquko zokushisa ezingazelelwe. Lapho ukhetha utamatisi wokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake indawo yokutshala, isimo sezulu salesi sifunda, kanye nezindawo zokumboza inhlabathi.
Izinhlobo ezimelana notamatisi zeFusarium
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, abalimi bathanda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:
- Bobcat
- Isikhulu esincane;
- Cameo;
- Iyajabulisa;
- Isihlabani seLanga;
- Izibani zaseMoscow;
- Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe 241;
- Carrot.
Uhlu lungafakelwa izinhlobo ezinjenge Gnome, Tsar Peter, Budenovka, Dubrava, De Barao.
Izidakamizwa ngokumelene neFusarium
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, azikho izimpawu zokuma esihlahleni. ushintsho olusobala luyabonakala ngemuva kokwehlulwa kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo. Ukwelapha utamatisi, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zemvelaphi yemvelo kanye namakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ama-fungicides.
Okuphilayo
Izindlela ezivela kulesi sigaba zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuvimbela. Ekubunjweni kwazo azikho izingxenye zemvelaphi yamakhemikhali. Azilimazi izitshalo futhi zivikelekile ngokuphelele kubantu. Ibhonasi eyengeziwe yezithako zezinto eziphilayo ingumphumela onenzuzo emhlabathini.
Utamatisi uqhutshwa nge-Previkur, Trichodermin, Phytosporin, Pseudobacterin-2, Trichocin, Planriz, Alirin-B, Gamair neBactofit.
Ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe uma:
- izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaphansi kwe- +18 ° ะก;
- Umswakama wehluka kusuka kuma-65 kuye kwangama-70%.
Lapho ulungiselela izindlela zokufafaza nokunisela, udinga ukuqondiswa ifomula elula: I-10 g yesidakamizwa kufanele ibe ngu-10 l wetshezi. Izinga lokusebenzisa lingama-500 ml nge-1 m2.
Amakhemikhali
Zisebenza kahle. Kufanele zisetshenziswe emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokukha utamatisi. Amalungiselelo alandelayo athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi:
- IVectra;
- I-Falcon;
- Fundazole;
- I-Previkur;
- Strekar;
- Benazole
Isenzo sokuxhumana sibonakaliswa u-Abiga Peak, Khom ne-Bordeaux fluid. Ngeke bakwazi ukusiza ekulweni nezifo zokukhunta uma zingangeni zingene ngaphakathi kumaseli athelelekile.
Ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, umlimi kufanele angakhohlwa ngemikhawulo ethile. Isibonelo, izithelo ezisetshenzwe zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
Izitshalo ziyafafazwa kusuka kwesibhamu sokufafaza esihlukaniswe kahle. Amabhasi katamatisi acutshungulwa ngazo zombili izinhlangothi.
Amakhambi esintu
Ngeke zisize uma ifusarium wilt yamatamatisi iqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ezigabeni zakamuva, noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kuzobe kungasebenzi. Unganciphisa ukugula usebenzisa:
- izinkuni zomlotha. Isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa uthuli kanye nokulungiselela ukumnika okwelapha. Ukwenza lokhu kwamuva, umlimi uzodinga amalitha ayi-10 amanzi nengilazi engu-1 yomlotha. Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe ne-500 ml yokwakheka. Utamatisi uqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali nezithelo;
- tincture wegalikhi. Iresiphi ilula. Ugalikhi osikiwe (kuthatha ikhanda elilodwa kuphela) kuthululelwa ilitha loketshezi. Ngemuva kwengxube ishiywe yodwa amahora angama-24. Ngemuva kwalokho ihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi amsulwa. Ukufafaza kwenziwa masonto onke;
- i-serum. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela. Umkhiqizo ulungiselelwe kusuka kwilitha lomkhiqizo wobisi, amaconsi angama-20 e-iodine namalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Utamatisi udinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke, kungcono kusihlwa.
Kunzima ukususa izimpawu ze-fusarium. Uma izindlela zabantu zingasizanga, kuzodingeka usebenzise amakhambi amakhemikhali. Naphezu kobuthi, banomphumela onamandla.
Uma umlimi, ngenkathi ecubungula izihlahla, angazinaki izincomo zabakhiqizi nezinyathelo zokuphepha, ubungozi bemiphumela emibi buzoba buncane.
