Izinambuzane zomvini ziyinkinga enkulu kubalimi. Balimaza zonke izingxenye zezihlahla. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, izinambuzane zenza buthaka isitshalo, ngenxa yalokhu, izifo ezahlukahlukene ziyavela, okuholela ekufeni kwesiko. Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezisongela kakhulu, ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubukeka kwazo noma ukuthi ziqothula kanjani.
I-Phyloxera
Ngokuhanjiswa ngezinga elikhulu, zakha izindawo ezihlukaniswa ngabantu, ngoba bangabhubhisa amahektha omhlaba. Inegama lesibili - i-aphid yamagilebhisi, ngoba kufana nalesi sinambuzane.
Zonke izinhlobo zemvelo ze-phylloxera ziyingozi kusiko: izibungu (stroller), nymphs, abadala abanamaphiko nabangenakho ukundiza.
Kuyinkinga ukuthola izikelezo zomvini esihlahleni ngamehlo anqunu.
Isinambuzane esi-translucent aphuzi noma esiphundu sinobukhulu obungu-1-2,5 mm.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2:
- I-Leaf - ukubhoboza izibungu ngeplate ye-proboscis, ncela ujusi. Ngenxa yemfihlo ekhethekile emathendeni wezinhlayiya, imifino ayonakalisiwe, kuvela amachaphaza (ukuvuvukala nezifuba), kuzungezwe izinwele. Ama-Vagabond ahlala ngaphakathi kwalezi zakhiwo, aphenduka abe ngabantu abadala, ashiye inzalo futhi afe. Izibungu ezintsha zithinta amaqabunga omakhelwane. Lolu hlobo lwe-phylloxera linda ubusika emabheleni nakulemikhono yaphakade esigabeni seqanda.
- Umsuka - uthinta uhlelo lwangaphansi komhlaba. Kuyenza buthaka, isikhunta, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane kwenzeka kuwo. Izimpande ezigulayo ziyeka ekukhuleni, umuthi uyafa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunzima ukuqothula izinambuzane, kodwa kusenokwenzeka. Ukulwa nabo kufaka phakathi:
- Ukujula okufanele, sika izimpande ezingaphezulu.
- Iyacubungula ngaphambi kokufika: Bi-58, Karbofos, Fufanon. Izithombo zifakwa kwisisombululo semithi, khona-ke amahora angama-24 agcinwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki.
- Icubungula i-Fastak, i-Actellik (izikhathi ezi-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula). Ukuzikhohlisa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokuvulwa kwezinso esigabeni samaqabunga ama-2-3. NgoJulayi, inqubo iyaphindwa.
Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esichazwe kwisichasiselo salo muthi.
Inambuzane ingena nomoya, amanzi, ezilwaneni nasezinyonini, ngamathuluzi engadini, enezithombo ezithelelekile.
Imikhaza
Kunezinhlobo eziningi imikhaza ethinta isihlahla sezithelo, incazelo yazo:
- I-Spider grape - inambuzane ye-arthropod enombala ophuzi notshani, ubukhulu ngu-0.4-0.6 mm ngosayizi. Ikhula ngamandla emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-15 °, angahambi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwesonto, uqala ukubhubhisa imifino. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele izibungu zesicabucabu. Ukwehlulwa kwezihlahla kunqunywa umhlophe ngokunamathela okuhlaza okwenziwe ngabomvu (canary). Amapuleti ayoma, isitshalo siyafa.
- Felt - 0,2 mm. Izindawo ezingenalutho, ezimbozwe yi-fluff emhlophe qhwa, ifomu kuloluhlaza okotshani. Ziba nsundu, ziqhume. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhamukeni kwamaqoqo, uhlaza, amahlumela, izintuthwane. Ngokushesha amagilebhisi ayafa. I-zoot ingena ngezithombo kanye nezihlahla eziseduze.
- Iqabunga lamagilebhisi - hhayi ngaphezu kuka-0.15 mm. Esikhathini sasebusika, idla izinso, okuholela emonakalweni. Kuvela kubo amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi asontekile, ajwayele ukwenza iphutha ngemiphumela yesithwathwa. Ngenxa yomonakalo, amaqabunga ayaqhakaza futhi akhubazekile, kubonakala sengathi anqunywa ibanga.
Yini engalashwa, izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu:
- Ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso, phatha isixazululo se-lime esingu-5% kuphela ngokusho kwesichasiselo.
- Uma kutholakala izimpawu, fafaza amahlamvu ka-Bi-58, Actellik, Neoron, Omayt. Ukucutshungulwa kuphindwa kabili noma kathathu ngokuphumula kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2.
- Isizini yonke ekhulayo, fafaza izihlahla ngesixazululo esingu-2% we-Fozalon neKarate.
Ukuvimbela, kuphume ukhula, kushise imfucuza yesitshalo ekwindla nezinto zokutshala ezinesifo.
Leaflet
Amagilebhisi athintwa yizinhlobo ezi-3 zalesi sinambuzane:
Ipheshana lamagilebhisi - inundu eliphakathi nendawo elinamaphiko ka-2-3 cm, iphimbo elinsundu elimnyama nge-tint yethusi, i-2 beveled, cishe imivimbo emnyama. Amakhethini aguqula umbala usuka kokuluhlaza kuya onsundu. Baqala ngokuphila ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso, badle kuqala, bese badlulela ekuphumuleni. Isitha semvelo singukushisa okukhulu.
Incwajana yeminyaka emibili - ubude obungu-12-15 mm. Izimpiko ziyilambu elikhanyayo ngomucu omnyama onsundu we-trapezoid. Amacimbi anekhanda elimnyama, umzimba ushintsha umbala usuka otshanini obuthambile bube obomvu. Ama-ovaries nezimbali ziyadliwa, bese zidlulela ezithelo. Lolu hlobo lwepheshana lungabhubhisa kuze kufike ku-80% wezitshalo ehlobo.
IGrozdeva - izimpiko zensimbi yomnqumo onsundu ngephethini enemibala. Ebangeni elingafinyelela ku-1-1.3 cm. Amakhilogremu aqukethe ubumnandi obumnandi, obudlakudla, ashukumiseka ngokushesha. Idla zonke izingxenye zezihlahla. Ungabona ngewebhu enamathelayo.
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi kulezi zinambuzane kungenziwa:
- I-Tokutionm. Izihlahla zitshalwa izikhathi ezi-4 ngesikhathi sokukhula. I-emulsion yokufafaza ifakwa kwisilinganiso esingu-0.6-2 l / ha. Lesi sidakamizwa siyingozi nasezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo (ama-ladybugs, ama-wasps, njll.).
- I-Tsimbush. Ikhiqizwa ekuhlanganeni kwe-10% no-25%. Izinga: 0.7-0.9 l / ha (10%) no-0.26-0.4 l / ha (25%). Kusetshenziswe amahlandla ama-3 ngesizini.
- Ekomet. Ukugeleza kokusebenza: 1.5-2 l / ha. Esikhathini sonyaka sisetshenziselwa amahlandla ama-5, izinsuku zokugcina ezingama-40- 46 ngaphambi kokuba amajikijolo avuthwe.
Noma yiziphi izidakamizwa azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Izinkuni ezinamakha
Lokhu uvemvane obusuku obuvela emndenini wezinyosi. Inundu elikhulu elimnyama noma elinsundu linamaphiko angama-6.5-9 cm. Linamachashazi amnyama nemivimbo eminingana. Amakhethini alinda ubusika ekuhambeni okwenziwe amahlumela anaphakade. Entwasahlobo, zingena shí ehlathini, zilimaze. Kulezi zindawo amagxolo ayafa, ujusi ngokugcotshwa kwezinambuzane kuphuma eziseleni. NgoMeyi, izinambuzane ziyaguga; iminyaka yemvemvane iqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Insikazi ingazalela amaqanda angama-800. Amakhethini aphuzi ngokubomvu ngokunephunga elithile.
Njenge-prophylaxis yomonakalo wezinambuzane, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukwelashwa kokulimala kwe-cortex nge-garden var;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwamabheshi kwinhlanganisela yobumba nge-glue ye-casein (200 g ngebhakede ngalinye), iKarbofosa (90 g nge-10 l);
- ukumiswa kwamabheshi yi-emulsion Ukuvikelwa noma upende osuselwe emanzini ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika;
- ukususwa ngesikhathi kwamagatsha owonakele futhi awomile, amagxolo asabekayo.
Uma inkathazo nokho ivele emithini, izidakamizwa zizosiza ukubhekana nazo:
- I-Bitoxibacillin (60 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi);
- I-Lepidocide (25 g ngebhakede ngalinye);
- I-Fitoverm (20 ml nge-10 l).
Ukusiza ekubhubhiseni izinambuzane, ungaletha engadini yezitha zemvelo ezinemibala.
IMarble Crunch
Leli bhungane elikhulu elinsundu eline-elytra yomthunzi wemabula, kuze kube ngu-7-8 cm ubude.I-larvae igobhoza ekujuleni kwenhlabathi ebusika.
Ngemuva kokushisa nokushisa kweqhwa, bayasukuma badle i-rhizome. Bahlukaniswa ngumzimba omhlophe nekhanda elimnyama, emihlathini ekhule ngokuqinile. Abantu aba-2 kuphela abakwaziyo ukuqothula isihlahla sonke samagilebhisi sonyaka owodwa ngenkathi.
Ukwehla inani lamabhungane, kufanele aqoqwe ngesandla. Njengezindlela ezazithengiwe ezitolo, amalungiselelo azibonakalisa kahle: Thunder-2, Bazudin, Diazinon.
I-Mealybug
Uma amagilebhisi abukeka edunile futhi kuvela i-fluff emhlophe kuwo, khona-ke lokhu kuhlaselwa yi-mealybug. Lapho behlulwa, amaqabunga namaqhubu ayoma, alahlekelwe isethulo.
Lapho kuvela, amagxolo amadala kumele ahlanze futhi ashiswe. Lapho inkathazo inabantu abaningi, lezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo zizosiza: i-Actara, i-Actellik, iGolden Spark, Confidor. Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho izibungu zabesifazane zibekela amaqanda abo.
Yilwa nezintuthwane eziwuthwali lwalesi sinambuzane. Isibonelo, gcwalisa i-anthill ngamanzi abilayo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukufaka ukuthi amagilebhisi nawo angathintwa ama-whiteflies, i-cicadas, kepha kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinambuzane ezifakwe kuhlu. Imikhiqizo yemvelo ye-Aktar, Akarin, Spark isiza ukubhekana nazo.
Ngomswakama ophezulu, kungavela iminenke noma ama-slugs. Izosiza ukuqoqwa kwemishini nokufafaza ngosawoti.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho iminyovu nezinyoni, okuthi lapho amagilebhisi eqhakaza, zingabasizi, abathutha impova, kuthi lapho kuvela izithelo, izinambuzane ezinobungozi. Ukuze ulwe neminyovu, kusetshenziswa izicupho ukuze izinyoni zingangeni emaqhugwaneni bese zisebenzisa inetha.
Noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezinenombolo enkulu zingabhubhisa inani elikhulu lesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela, ukuthola isikhathi kanye nokuqothula izinambuzane eziyingozi kubaluleke kakhulu.
