I-mulberry, noma kamalibhele (lat. Morus) yisihlahla esinde esinamajikijolo amnandi abukeka njengamajikijolo, amnyama, amhlophe noma apinki. Isikhathi eside lesi sitshalo besithathwa njengesiko eliseningizimu kuphela, kepha sibonga imizamo yabalimi nabafuyi bezindawo, indawo abasatshalaliswa yona ikhule kakhulu. Kungenzeka yini ukufeza impumelelo ekukhuleni kamalibhele enkabeni yeRussia futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono ongakhetha kuzo zokutshala?
Kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule kamalibhele enkabeni yeRussia?
Imabhele isitshalo se-thermophilic. Emvelweni, ikhula ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, lapho isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuzalanisa ama-silkworms, lapho ukhukhunathi ukhiqiza khona usilika wemvelo.
Ezweni lethu, ama-mulberry ngokuvamile atshalwa kakhulu ngenhloso yokuthola izithelo ezimnandi. Izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sitshalo zithandwa kakhulu:
- Kamalibhele omnyama (Mórus nígra),
- kamalibhele omhlophe (Mórus álba).
Abalimi abanolwazi lokutshala enkabeni yeRussia bancoma imalberry kamhlophe. Ngokungafani nokumnyama, okuvame ukufa emazingeni okushisa ngaphansi kuka-15- C C, ungamelana neqhwa liye ku-30 ° C ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lomqhele nezimpande.
Ubusika obumhlophe binters kahle enkabeni yeRussia
Ukunquma uhlobo lomuthi kamalibhele kulula kakhulu. Izici eziphambili ezihlukanisa umalibhele omhlophe umbala olimpunga okhanyayo wamagxolo namahlamvu e-ovate-ekhonjiwe noma ahlakazekile osayizi abaphakathi. Kulokhu, umbala wamajikijolo ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene angaba mhlophe noma apinki, futhi acishe abe mnyama.
Kepha ngisho nobusika obumhlophe obungaqinisi ubusika azizwa ukhululekile kakhulu lapho kubanda. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, ukuphakama kwesihlahla sabadala kuvame ukuba ngamamitha ayi-15, futhi emgqeni ophakathi nendawo kuyaqabukela kukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amane futhi kunesimo sesihlahla.
Ividiyo: isipiliyoni sokukhula kwama-mulberry enkabeni yeRussia
Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo
Eningizimu, umalibhele ngesinye sezilimo zezithelo ezingahlonishwanga. Kepha abalimi bomucu ophakathi nendawo kuzofanela benze imizamo eminingi ukuthola isivuno esihle. Ikakhulu ukunakwa okuningi kuyadingeka ezitshalweni ezincane ezinesistimu yezimpande engaphukile.
Ukutshala kamalibhele
Ukutshala izithombo zemilando kungenziwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ezimweni zaseRussia maphakathi, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kubhekwa njengokuphezulu, okwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukukhulisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi luzivumelanise nezimo zomhlaba ovulekile, okukuvumela ukuthi uphile ebusika ngaphandle kokulahleka okuningi.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yomuthi kamalibhele, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:
- ukukhanya okuhle;
- ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla;
- ibanga ukusuka esitshalweni esitshaliwe liya ezihlahleni eziseduze noma ezakhiweni akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu;
- ukukhanya okugcwala, inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi.
Lapho kutshalwa ama-mulberry, kukhethwa indawo enelanga nelondekile endaweni
Ngokutshala ama-mulberry, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kwangaphambili umgodi onobukhulu okungenani abangama-70 cm nobubanzi obufanayo. Kungcono ukubeka amanzi ngokudalwa kobumba olunwetshiwe noma amanye amatshe amancane ngaphansi kwawo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho ukutshala enhlabathini enobumba olunamandla okuvusa ukubola kwezimpande ngenxa yokuqina komswakama. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomgodi igcwele umquba noma umquba obolile. Uma ufisa, ungangeza futhi nge-50 g yanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oxutshwe nenhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, lesi sitshalo esincane sibekwa emgodini, sisabalalisa izimpande ngokucophelela kuyo yonke indawo yaso, futhi sifafazwe ngomhlaba ngomusa. Ngemuva kwalokho amalitha amanzi angama-20 kuya kwangu-30 athululelwa embuthanweni wesiqu futhi afakwe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukoma okunamandla kwenhlabathi.
Ividiyo: ubuqili bokudlulisa umuthi kamalibhele
Izinhlobo eziningi kamalibhele ziyizitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo, ngakho-ke, ukuze ube nesithelo esiphumelelayo esizeni kufanele okungenani ube nezihlahla ezimbili - owesilisa nowesifazane. Nquma ubulili besitshalo ngezimbali zayo:
- ezicatshweni zabesifazane, baqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amnyama endlebeni anomumo owenziwe spike;
- emadodeni, ama-inflorescence akhululeka kakhulu futhi anesiqu sokuqothula.
Ukuhlukanisa i-mulberry kamuntu wesilisa kowesifazane kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali
Ukunakekelwa
Imilabheli yisitshalo esibekezelela isomiso esingakubekezeleli umswakama okweqile. Imvamisa izitshalo ezincane kuphela ezidinga ukuthambisa okwengeziwe. Izikhathi zasehlobo ezomile nezishisayo zinganiselwa kanye nomuthi omdala. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amalitha ayi-15-20 amanzi ngesonto anele ama-mulberry.
Izakhi eziqukethwe emhlabathini ovundile ezigcwalise umgodi wokutshala zanele iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngemuva kokuphela kwale nkathi, ukuthola isivuno esihle, ama-mululosi ayondliwa. Ukucwilisa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Ngaphambi kokushiya amaqabunga, cishe amagremu angama-50 womanyolo wamaminerali (i-Nitroamofoska, i-Azotofoska nabanye) asakazeka ngaphezulu kwendilinga yesiqu.
- Ngenkathi yokuvuthwa, ama-mulberry aphekelwa nge-organic, ngokwesibonelo, ukumnika okujutshiwe kokudonsa kwezinyoni (1: 18) noma umquba omusha wezinkomo (1: 8).
Lapho usuthisa, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi kamalibhele, likhula enhlabathini evundile kakhulu, kuvame ukuthola isisindo esikhulu esiluhlaza futhi senqabe ukuthela izithelo. I-nitrogen ethe xaxa iyingozi kulesi sitshalo.
Enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekela kamalibhele ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika. Kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Kakade engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, lesi sitshalo asisanakwanga. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amahlumela aluhlaza avuthwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
NgoSepthemba-Okthoba, umbuthano wesiqu se-kamalibhele ukhululwe kahle futhi umbozwe ungqimba we-mulch. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele okungenani bube ngu-15 cm emaphethelweni kanye nama-30 cm esiqwini sesihlahla. Kungcono ukumboza ngokuphelele izihlahla ezincane ngendwangu engeyona eyalukiwe noma ngendwangu evumela ukuthi umoya udlule kahle.
I-mulch ivikela uhlelo lwempande kamalibhele eziqandeni ezinzima
Ukwakhiwa komqhele
Enkabeni yeRussia, ama-mulberry ngokuvamile atshalwa ngendlela yesihlahla esinokuphakama okungaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Ukwakha umqhele walolu hlobo esitshalweni osefinyelele eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine, amahlumela amaningi asikiwe, kusale kuphela ama-8-10 kuphela akhule kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, njalo ngonyaka, amagatsha angama-2-3 anqunywa aze afike ezingeni lokukhula futhi athathelwe indawo ngabancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, amagatsha ama-3-4 e-oda lesibili futhi cishe ayi-10 kwabesithathu akhiwa emhlolweni ngamunye wamathambo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokuthenwa okunjalo, umlimi uthola isihlahla esihle se-kamalibhele, ukwakheka komqhele okuvumela ukuba uqoqe kalula sonke isivuno.
Ividiyo: ungawunquma kanjani ama-mulberry
Ngemuva kokuthi umqhele usungulwe, kwenziwa iziqu zokuhlanzeka, kunciphise umalibhele eziqwini ezisontekile, ezomile noma ezilimele. Imvamisa yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, noma ekwindla - ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhululwa kwamaqabunga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye ngeminyaka eyi-10-15, kamalibhele idinga ukuthenwa okuvuselela amandla. Phakathi nayo, wonke amahlumela ancishiswa okwesithathu, futhi amagatsha amaningana emithambo asuswa ngokuphelele, esikhundleni sawo abancane.
Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kamalibhele ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, wonke amathuluzi okwenziwa kuwo ukuthungwa kumele ahlanzwe kusengaphambili.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu
Njengamanje, abafuyi bezitshalo bred izinhlobo eziningi kamalibhele, ukubekezelela kalula isimo sezulu esinzima sendawo ephakathi yezwe lethu. Iningi lazo aliphansi ezihlotsheni zazo zaseningizimu ngokunambitheka noma ngesivuno.
Admiral
I-Admiralskaya ukuphela kwensimu emnyama kamalibhele enconywe yiKhomishani Yezwe Yokuhlola Nokuvikelwa Kwempumelelo Yokuzala Ukutshala kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Wamukelwa eK.A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Yisitshalo eside, esifafazayo esinamajikijolo amnyama anambitheka omnandi nephunga eliqabulayo.
Ama-mulberry wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Admiral anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-1.5
I-Admiralskaya ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zikanyamu omnyama ku-hardness ebusika obuphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibekezelela isomiso nokushisa ngokweqile kahle, futhi ayithinteki izifo kanye nezilokazane. Isivuno esiphakathi kwesitshalo esidala ezimeni zaphakathi neRussia singamakhilogremu amahlanu.
Intombazane enesikhumba esimnyama
ISmuglyanka, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezitshalwe enkabeni yeRussia, iluhlobo lwe-botanical of kamalibhele elimhlophe. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bakhona obuhle kakhulu ebusika kanye nekhono lokubuyisela ngokushesha amahlumela owonakaliswe yiqhwa, lithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi enkabeni yeRussia.
I-Mulberry Smuglyanka ine-fruiting enhle kakhulu maphakathi neRussia
Amajikijolo eSmuglyanka amnyama, anambitheka kamnandi omnandi futhi omuncu. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kunesivuno esihle kakhulu. Kwigatsha elilodwa lesihlahla somdala, kuyavunwa kuze kufinyelele ku-500 g wezithelo.
Maphakathi neRussia, izithelo zaseSmuglyanka ziqala ukuvuthwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Naphezu kokujula kwabo, bakubekezelela ngokuphelele ukuthutha futhi kungagcinwa amahora angu-18 kusukela ngosuku lokuqoqwa.
Inzuzo ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo ukungabizi kwayo. Ngenxa yale mfanelo, ngisho nesihlahla esisodwa sizokhiqiza isivuno esiningi.
Ebukhosini
I-Royal - enye yezinhlobo ezinezithelo kakhulu kamalibhele. Ngesihlahla esidala kuneminyaka engu-7, ungaqoqa cishe ama-10 kg amajikijolo aluhlaza okotshani. Banokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu nephunga elihlukile.
Imilibhele yasebukhosini ibekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-30 ° C. Kuyamelana futhi nezimo ezimbi njengokushisa ngokweqile, ukuntuleka komswakama nokwakheka kwenhlabathi okungekuhle.
Uju olumhlophe
Imibala ebunjiwe enamajikijolo amhlophe ngokunambitheka okumnandi ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi. Bafinyelela ku-3 cm ubude no-1 cm ubukhulu. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, isikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo seWolberry elimhlophe Uju oluvame ukwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Amajikijolo e-White Honey ahlukahlukene akhudlwana kunezithelo zezinhlobo eziningi zikamojamu
Phakathi kokubi kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, abalimi baqaphela ikhasi elincane kakhulu lesithelo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthutha kwabo akunakwenzeka. Amajikijolo esivuniwe kufanele acutshungulwe kungakapheli amahora angama-5-6.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzalela, uju oluhlukahlukene lwaseBelaya lubonise ukuqina kobusika obuphezulu. Ubekezelele kalula amaqhwa phansi aze afike ku-30 ° C ngisho kungekho ndawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe.
Staromoskovskaya
I-Staromoskovskaya ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa kamalibhele ezinezimbali zesilisa nezowesifazane esitshalweni esifanayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo zako:
- ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu nokunambitheka nephunga elimnandi lezithelo,
- isivuno esihle
- hardness ebusika obukhulu
- kunciphise ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi.
Ama-mulberry we-Staromoskovskaya ahlukahlukene apendwe ngombala omnyama
Ukubuyekezwa: Abalimi bamaphakathi strip mayelana mulberry
Ngihlala eMoscow. Kamalibhele ngineminyaka engama-50 ubudala, njalo ngonyaka kuthela izithelo, ngendlela, ngamakhaza, kubekezelela kalula ama-40 degrees.
sergey0708//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/
Sekuphele iminyaka engu-5 ngikhula kamalibhele. Kwenziwe kusuka eningizimu. Wakhula lapho ephuma enzalweni. Ngesikhathi sokufika kwaba ngu-50 cm. Manje ngu-2,5m. Ayitheli izithelo. Amagatsha aphezulu asetshenziselwa ukufriza ngamandla. Manje kuncane. Ngibheke ngabomvu ukuvuna minyaka yonke. I-Cottage enyakatho-ntshonalanga eduze neVolokolamsk.
i-aster53//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/page-2
Ngine-mulberry kamhlophe esimhlophe, ngiyithathe kuFuntikov eminyakeni emi-4 eyedlule. Manje isondele kumamitha ayi-1.7.Amaphethelo wamagatsha kuphela, amasentimitha ayi-12-16 aqobekile kulo nyaka. Ngezansi kunamaqabunga aphilayo, kanti ama-ovari amancane asivele ebonakala kuwo. Ngonyaka owedlule ngazama amajikijolo okuqala. Umbala umhlophe, umnandi impela, umncane.
UValery Gor//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=537&start=210
Ngentwasahlobo yango-2015 batshala ama-mululosi ama-2 - “abamnyama-isikhumba” kanye no- “Black Baroness” eceleni. Baqala ukukhula kahle futhi bakhula kakhulu phakathi nonyaka, kodwa bakhahlela ebusika - “iBaroness” nqo, kanye ne- "Smuglyanka" cishe kwaqala phansi. Ngo-2016 olandelayo, ama-5-6 ashutha imitha eyodwa nesigamu ubude ukukhula kusuka kwi-hemp esele. Ebusika, akhuphuka cishe ngesigamu. Njengoba angiyithandi lapho izihlahla zikhula “umshanelo”, ngashiya ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu, ngasika okusele. Futhi lokhu kudubula okusalile bekufanele kuncishiswe kuze kufike ku-80-90cm, ngoba bonke abanye babanda iqhwa. Lo nyaka amahlumela amasha angama-5-6 ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu asekhulile kusuka kulesi siqu esincane. Okuphezulu kakhulu futhi okunamandla kunawo wonke sekukhule ngo-2m ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nawo amagatsha. Mina. ihlumela lonyaka selivele selinamagatsha aseceleni, amanye afinyelela kumitha ubude. Hhayi igatsha eliphakathi kuphela, kepha nez amahlumela ezisele zalo nyaka.
volkoff//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=35195&st=80
Minyaka yonke, umalibhele luba isiko elanda ngokwanda enkabeni yeRussia. Vele, ezimweni zakulesi sifunda, zidinga ukunakekelwa okuningi kunaseningizimu. Kodwa yonke imizamo yabalimi izothuthukiswa ngokuthola isivuno esiningi samajikijolo amnandi futhi aphilile kakhulu.
