Ukutshala ama-strawberries kudinga amandla amaningi nokubekezela. Kodwa ukutshala ama-strawberry kuyingxenye yempi. Kudingeka futhi ukuyivikela ezinambuzaneni eziningi (futhi kunabantu abaningi abazimisele ukudla ama-strawberries). Enye yalezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi ezingabulala u-50-80% wezitshalo eziphelele i-weevils. Izimpawu ukuthi i-sitrobheli yakho ihlaselwe yisitha: ukubonakala kwezimbobo ezincane emaqabunga aluhlaza esitshalweni, ukuwa okungazelelwe kwe-peduncles, ukomiswa kwama-buds, njengokungathi othile ubenqume. Esimweni esinjalo, ngeke usinqobe ngokugcwele phezu kwe-beetle - isikhathi silahlekile, futhi ukuze ungalahlekelwa sonke isivuno, kuzodingeka ulwe ngokugcwele ne-weevil. Ukuze uvimbele isimo esinjalo, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kusengaphambili, ukuze wazi kangcono ukuthi yi-weevil nokuthi siyilwa kanjani nama-strawberries.e.
Uyazi? Umndeni we-weevil wesibhakabhaka (izindlovu) (lat. Curculionidae) inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70,000. Igama le-beetle lihlotshaniswa ne-proboscis ende ekhanda (i-rostrum), lapho i-beetle ihlaba khona izicubu zezitshalo, ngosizo lwayo lidla futhi libeke amaqanda. Umndeni weevil umelelwa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene (kusuka ku-1 mm ukuya ku-50 mm), imizimba yomzimba (nxazonke, flat, cylindrical, njll), imibala. Izibungu zamanye ama-weevils ahlala emhlabathini, amanye - efihlekile imbali. Inhlobo ngayinye ine-niche yayo, ukuthanda kwayo: umuntu udla izitshalo zehlathi, othile usebenzisa izihlahla zezandla zomuthi, othile usebenzisa izitshalo zasensimu, othile (isibonelo, weevil wegranari) udla okusanhlamvu okuqoqwe abantu.
Kuthiwani inkathazo ye-sitrobheli?
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 zalezi zimbulunga zihlala emaphakathini aphakathi. Phakathi kwabo, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ama-strawberries yi-weevil ye-raspberry-strawberry (lat. Anthonomus rubi). Ukuze ulwe ngempumelelo le nkathazo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-weevil ibonakala kanjani. Ubungako beetle be-adults bukhulu - kufika ku-3 mm, umbala wekhava le-chitinous unomnyama futhi unobundu. I-beetle igcwele izinwele ezimfushane, inamaphiko lapho ihamba khona isitshalo sokutshala. I-Weevilkazikazi inkulu kakhulu kunamadoda. Igama lolu hlobo lwe-weevil lubonisa ukulutha kwalo - i-beetle ayithinti kuphela ama-strawberry kanye nama-strawberries, kodwa futhi ama-raspberries, ama-blackberries, aphakama ama-rose kanye ne-rose rose.
Isikhathi sokulinganisa inyanga eyodwa nesigamu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-50. I-weevil ye-raspberry-strawberry iwummeleli omude-uyadonseka kakhulu yimifino yemifino. Kuzo zonke izinsikazi ezibeka amaqanda (okukodwa kwesinye), lapho izibungu ziqothula khona - izimpethu ezimhlophe noma izikhilimu (ikhanda linalo igobolondo le-chitinous elimnyama). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-20, ukufundiswa kwenzeka. Umbala we-pupa onemibala ophuzi unamakhanda ekhanda elikhukhumezekile, amaphiko, imilenze. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, i-pupa iphenduka ibhungane elidala. Izimbongolo zihlala phansi emhlabathini emaqabunga abolile ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-sitrobheli futhi ziphinde zisebenze ngemva kokuba inhlabathi ivuselele ukuhlanganisa nama-13 degrees Celsius.
Uyazi? Iyini i-weevil? I-Weevil ingenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, idla izimpande, amaqabunga, iziqu, izithelo cishe zonke izitshalo ezaziwayo (kufaka phakathi namanzi). Izinhlobo eziningi ze-weevils zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nomsebenzi wabantu kuye kwabangela ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-weevils, ukuhlangana kanye nemikhiqizo engenisiwe kwezinye izindawo, zivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zezulu. Isibonelo esibangelisayo yi-palm palm weevil esivela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eyayiyinhlekelele eFrance, eSpain, eMexico, futhi yafika ngisho naseKrasnodar Territory of Russia (ngo-2015, le nkathazo yabhubhisa eziningi zezindebe zaseSochi).
I-Weevil Iyingozi
Ama-overwintering beetles aphuma emhlabathini futhi, ngokulindela amaqabunga, agxila emkhatsini wezihlahla ze-sitrobheli, ezihlakalweni ezikhulayo namaqabunga. Emva kokuvela kwefihlekile nokuxubha, i-weevil yesifazane ilimaza ihlumela, ibeka iqanda kuyo, bese inqubo echazwe inikezwa: i-larva, i-pupa, isikhuhlane esincane (cishe phakathi nehlobo). Ngenxa yalokho, inkathazo idla amaqabunga, izimbali kanye neziqu, amaqabunga e-strawberry. Insikazi eyodwa kuphela ingalimaza izimbali ezingu-50. Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi, futhi isakhiwo se-sitrobheli sincane, khona-ke ungakwazi ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuvunwa. Nge-strawberries weevils singashintsha ku-raspberries.
Uyazi? Ngo-1920, e-United States, edolobheni lase-Enterprise (Alabama), kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo se-beetle ye-weevil beetle. Lesi sikhumbuzo sakhiwa abalimi njengendlela yokubonga emva kokuba i-weevil ibhubhise zonke izitshalo zekotton kanye nokulimaza amapulazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, abalimi bashiya lo mlimi, baqala ukuthuthukisa ezinye izigaba zezolimo futhi bacebile ngokushesha.
Izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nezindlela ze-agrotechnical zokulawula izinambuzane
Umonakalo owenziwe yi-weevil we-raspberry-strawberry ukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi kudingeka izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulwa nalo. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwenkathazo kulula kunokuba uzame ukukuqeda. Ukuvimbela kufanele kubhekiswe ekwindla: emva kokuphela kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukusika wonke amaqabunga e-sitrobheli, amahlumela, ukhula, ukhula, aphathe ngezinambuzane. Uma amaqabunga enezimpawu zokulimala yi-weevils, khona-ke kufanele ashiswe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kweminye imikhuba yezolimo nakho kunegalelo ekuphumeleleni kokulwa nama-weevils:
- kuyadingeka ukuba "uhlakaze" okusajingijolo kanye nesobhoji esihlahleni (kokubili izitshalo zithinteka ngokulinganayo yizinambuzane);
- izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-strawberry ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu zezimbali;
- amaqabunga namaqabunga abonakaliswe yi-disest;
- sebenzisa njalo indlela yokusebenza yokugubha izibungu - ukuqoqa izinyosi ezihlahleni. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ekuseni kakhulu (emva kobusuku ama-beetles awazange afudumele okwamanje). Kusihlwa, ungabeka iphepha, ifilimu ngaphansi kwezihlahla (ungasebenzisa i-tray flat, njll.), Bese ekuseni ushuthele lesi sitshalo bese uqoqa izinkukhu (bese ushisa iphepha, ugeze i-tray ngamanzi). Naphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kwale ndlela kuphakeme;
- zama ukwesabisa inkathazo ngenhla enamandla (plant garlic, anyanisi, marigolds, njll), futhi kufanele njalo uphule noma usike amahlumela ukuthuthukisa iphunga;
- ukumba umhlabathi ebusika, umqubuzana ne-pine izinaliti noma ifilimu emnyama kakhulu.
Abalimi abanolwazi, ukuphendula indlela yokubhekana ne-weevil kwi-strawberries entwasahlobo, bayelulekwa ukuba bahlele izicupho ze-weevils. Ngalokhu, ingxube ekhethekile ilungiselelwe: 200 g ushukela kanye ne-100 g yemvubelo ngalitha yamanzi. Le ngxube ivimbela ukushisa. Khona-ke ithululelwa engxenyeni yesilazi ngensipho encane. Izicupho zibekwa phakathi kwezihlahla zezitshalo ze-sitrobheli ngesikhathi sezimbali (ingxube kumele ishintshwe njalo ngezinsuku ezintathu). Isixazululo esilula (kepha esingenasiphansi) singabe sisetshenziswa izicupho ezenziwe ngendwangu (i-burlap) nekhadibhodi enonakele phezulu ntambama eshisayo. Ukufihla ekushiseni, i-weevils ifihle ngaphansi kwephepha elonakele, futhi umgadi wensimu angabasusa kuphela (kanye nephepha)
Kubalulekile! Uma unquma ukuthi uzokhipha kanjani i-weevil kwi-sitrobheli, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ngeke ibe yindlela ozoqala ngayo ukulwa nale nkathazo, kodwa ngesikhathi uqala le mpi. Ayikho ikhambi elilodwa - uzodinga ukushaya izingxube eziningana lapho izinyoni ze-weevil zingabantu abasengozini kakhulu.
Ukulwa namakhambi omuntu
Enye yezinzuzo zendlela yokulawula izinambuzane ezidalwa izinambuzane kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uyisebenzise kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ze-strawberries ngaphandle kokulimaza esitshalweni. Izindlela zendabuko zidinga ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe - zihlanza kalula lapho zichelela noma ngesikhathi sezulu. Ukusebenza kwamakhambi abantu abavela kwi-weevil ku-sitrobheli kuhluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni esiqinisekisiwe.
Ukufafaza ama-sitrobheli amahlathi asithandwa:
- Isisombululo sesinaphi (100 g we mustard eyomile ngamalitha amathathu amanzi);
- isisombululo se-potassium permanganate (5 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-10 l);
- Ukukhishwa kwe-chilli okubabayo (1 kg wepelepele omusha obomvu ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, ukunikeza izinsuku ezimbili, bese ubilisa imizuzu engu-10 bese uthola izinsuku ezimbili. Gcina isitsha esivaliwe ngokuqinile);
- ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwefihlekile - emulsion wesinaphi nesasense yokuhlanza (amalitha ayishumi amanzi, i-200 g isepha, 200 g lwesinaphi);
- ukumnika kwe-tansy (kusihlwa): 1.5 kg we-tansy fresh kuya ku-5 amalitha amanzi. Bambelela izinsuku ezingu-3-4, iminithi engu-30. ubilise, uphuze nge 5 amalitha amanzi abandayo, ngaphambi kokuphalaza engeza 50 g isepha;
- ukukhipha ugwayi;
- i-ammonia yamanzi (2 wezipuni ngamabhakede ngamanzi);
- isisombululo sokhuni (3 kg), insipho yokuhlanza (40 g) kanye nama-10 amalitha amanzi (ngesikhathi sokuphuza);
- isitshalo somhlonyane obabayo (isitshalo esisodwa senziwa kancane, ubilise imizuzu engu-15 ngamalitha angu-4 amanzi, engeza amalitha ayisithupha amanzi abandayo kanye no-40 g isepha).
Umphumela omuhle utholakala yi-mulching strawberries nomlotha entwasahlobo, kanye nokuchelela ngekhambi le-iodine (1 tsp. Ngamabhakede amanzi).
Kubalulekile! Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi uzofafaza ama-strawberries avela ku-weevil, ochwepheshe bathi ama-strawberry amahlumela kufanele aphethwe ngesikhathi sokuhluma, lapho kuhluma amaqabunga.
Ukwelashwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo
Ekuphepheni kwesitshalo, umuntu kanye nezinyosi ezenzakalweni zezindlela zokuphila eziphilayo ziyatholakala. Banobuhlobo bendawo, bangcolisi futhi bangagcini emhlabathini, izitshalo, njll.
Zethulwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:
- imiphumela yesenzo semithi enjalo ibonakala kuphela ngesikhathi;
- ukwelashwa okuningi nabo kuyadingeka;
- I-biologics incike kakhulu ezimweni zesimo sezulu (ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, imvula, inkungu, njll, kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza).
Amalungiselelo anjalo wezinto eziphilayo ezivela ku-weevil, njenge "Akarin", "Iskra-bio", "Fitoverm", "Nemabakt", "Antonem-F" kanye nabanye, zibekezelela kahle izihlahla ze-sitrobheli. Ukwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa kufaka ama-microorganisms angakwazi ukuvikela ama-strawberries iminyaka eminingana. Isidakamizwa esithi "Cesar" (iqukethe ama-bacterium Pseudomonas B-306, ama-enzymes we-fungus Stereptomyces avermitilis) inempumelelo ephumelelayo - ibangela ukukhubazeka kwe-weevils nokufa kwabo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - 10-15 ml ngalinye 10 l amanzi. Ukuphalaza ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kuyenzeka endaweni epholile, eyomile, kusihlwa.
Ukuphalaza ngamakhemikhali
Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali ngokumelene nezinambuzane ze-strawberry athembekile kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle. Njengendlela yezindlela ze-weevil ezitsheni ze-strawberry ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa izindlela "Karbofos", "Metafos", "Corsair", "Atelix" ne "Inta-vir."
Kubalulekile! Amakhemikhali ekubunjweni kwalezi zinambuzane zihlukumeza kakhulu, anemiphumela emibi hhayi kuphela ezinambuzanini ze-weevil, kodwa futhi ezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo (izinyosi), emzimbeni womuntu. Ukusetshenziswa (ngokugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha) zalezo zindlela kulungile uma kwenzeka zonke ezinye izindlela zingabasiza.
Ukucubungula kokuqala kwe-strawberries entwasahlobo evela ku-weevil kwenziwa izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokusila. Ukwelashwa kwesibili kufanele kwenziwe ehlobo (uma isizukulwane esisha se-weevils sizovela). Nge-infestation enezinambuzane ezinamandla kakhulu, ukucubungula kwekwindla kusenziwa ngesikhathi isivuno sesivele siqoqiwe. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu (ukuze ungalimazi izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezizuzayo).
