I-Mandarin - isitshalo esivamile, uhlobo lwe-Citrus ye-genus, oluyi-Rutaceae yomndeni. Izwe lakwa-mandarin linguChina, lalethwa eYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. I-fruit pulp iqukethe ushukela, ama-acid, amavithamini C kanye ne-thiamine, kanye nokukhiqizwa okunamandla. Namuhla, abaningi banquma ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube khona indawo yokukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izifo ze-mandarin nokuthi zingabalwa kanjani.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo zesiMandarin ziwumkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla othuthukisa umzimba, ogcwala umzimba ngamavithamini ebusika. I-Mandarin nayo inesenzo se-tonic nesinamagciwane.
Shchitovka
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zama-mandarins. I-Shchitovka - inambuzane efana nesilinganiso esanda ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuhlala emagatsheni, amaqabunga nezithelo zezitshalo ze-citrus, i-scythe iphuza ijusi kubo, okuholela ekuqedeni. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sama-mandarins sinciphise kakhulu. Izitshalo ziqala ukuwa amaqabunga nezithelo, kanti amahlumela amancane amile. Izimpungushe ezincane zezinambuzane ezivikela isihlahla, zakha uhlobo lwesihlangu olulinganiselwa ku-4 mm ngobukhulu, okuyikhohlise ngokuzethemba ezweni langaphandle, okwenza kube nzima ukulwa nabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziphuma emanzini, ukungahambisani nesiraphu enamathele, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbela isitshalo ekuphefumuleni. Ama-mandarins anathinta izinhlobo eziningana zezilonda: izintambo (ezinesihlangu eside eside ophuzi, 3.5 mm ubude); I-Pomerantsevaya enesihlangu efana ne-comma, ne-Pomerantsevaya ephuzi, ekhetha ukuhlala phansi emaqabunga. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubonakala kwama-scythes, kubalulekile ukuqoqa nokushisa amaqabunga awile, ukumboza amanxeba avela ngesikhathi sokusika, ingadi yegadini, futhi ususe amahlumela omisiwe. Izimpikiswano zivela emaqabunga nge-swab yesikotini, usula nge-swab yesikotini ehambelana no-utshwala. Ukuphalaza kuzokusiza ukuqeda inkathazo ekushiseni okuphansi okuhle nge-2% emulsion yamafutha noma ukwelashwa kwesikhatsi esine-"Aktellik" esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto.
Isibungu se-spider
Ngokuvamile isikhumba sesicabucabu sivela kuma-mandarins, futhi abalimi banombuzo ngokushesha mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nayo. Lezi zicabucabu ezincane ezine-0.3-0.4 mm, ezihlala ngaphansi kwamacembe. Izigulane zine-fecundity enkulu: zibeka izinkulungwane zamaqanda, okuthi emva kokulala iminyaka eminingana ezintweni eziseduze nalezi zitshalo, wehla kuleli qabunga bese uhlwitha. Amathikithi asebenzayo emazingeni ahlukene ahlukene okushisa, atshale isitshalo sesitshalo, adume ngamashubhu, okuthinta kakhulu umzimba futhi angabangela ukutshala ukufa.
Ukunakekelwa kwama-mandarini kusuka ezinhlanzini zesicabucabu - isikhathi esisihlanu sokwenziwa kokunamathisela "Sulfarid" (engenziwanga ngesikhathi sezimbali, ngesikhathi sezithelo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ukumboza ngokucophelela izithelo. Phinda ukwelashwa nge-interval of days 7-10). Izibungu ezibomvu ze-citrus zivamile, futhi zithanda ukugcoba amaqabunga, amahlumela nezithelo, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sife. Ungalwa nabo ngokupompa nge-emulsion yamafutha.
Ithinta ukushisa okushisa
Izinambuzane ezincelisayo ama-juice, i-nectar kanye ne-pollen yama-mandarins. Ngesikhathi eside - 1.5-2 mm, abesilisa bayizimnyama, abesifazane bayimpunga. Izwe lithatha ukushisa okushisa - eNingizimu Melika, ngakho isimo sezulu saseYurophu asihambisani nabo ngenxa yobanda. Kodwa abantu abahamba ngezindawo zokushisa abamba ukushisa bayakwazi ukuhamba, okwenza kube yiziphakeli eziyingozi zama-virus ahlukahlukene. Ukufafaza inambuzane izikhathi ezingu-3 ngezinsuku ezingu-15 kuyindlela enhle yokubhekana ne-thrips. Ngenamba encane yezinambuzane ekushiseni okubamba ukushisa ungabhekana nokusiza kwezibungu ezidliwayo, umphumela wokuphulukisa uzoba ne-powder elihle lesulfure.
Kubalulekile! Ikhula kahle ekushiseni okungama-24 kuya ku-30 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ngakho umoya omile nomswakama ongaphansi kuka-50% kuzobangela ukufa kwama-thrips abamba ukushisa.
I-fly fly
Isibungu esidala sibukeka njengendwanguzane encane nge-yellow or pink belly noma pink belly kanye namaphiko amhlophe, ehlanganiswe ngengubo enjengothuli. Izibungu ezihlaza zikhetha ukuba ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, izimpethu zonyaka wokuqala zihamba ngezinyawo, ezilandelayo zihamba kahle. I-disest ishaya ijusi, ishiya ukukhishwa kweshukela. Uhlu lokusabalalisa lwe-citrus whitefly yi-India, Japan, eNyakatho Melika, eCaucasus.
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic ngesikhathi sokukhula kubalulekile ukuqeda izitshalo ezikhulayo kanye nokhula, ukuchitha imithi emhlabathini, ukufaka izimbungulu ezinomdlavuza kanye nemikhaza, futhi uyiphonsa ngesisombululo kusuka kwensipho yokuhlanza. Uma le nambuzane isenesikhathi sokuvela, ama-tangerines kudingeka asetshenzwe nge-bioinsecticide "Aktophyt" noma "Bicol". Ngaphambi kokucubungula, kudingeka uhambise inhlabathi futhi ukhulise izinga lokushisa emoyeni. Ukucubungula kuzodingeka kuphindwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, okugcina - izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Uyazi? Ungabamba abantu abadala usebenzisa isicupho seglue: izingcezu zokupenda zeplywood noma i-hardboard emhlophe noma ephuzi, i-smear ne-petroleum jelly noma i-castor oyela. Umthunzi oqhakazile udonsela izinambuzane ezihlala esihlalweni futhi zibambe.
I-Mealybug
Amakhekhe amancane anomzimba we-oval 3-6 mm ubude, ehlanganiswe ne-wax ephuziweyo, ukukhishwa kwawo kufana nezinhlamvu zekotini. I-mealybug yama-mandarines iyingozi, ibe sesiteji sokuqhaqhazela, abantu abadala abakhulelwe. Umsebenzi wabo onobungozi uphuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, okulula kancane kancane, amaqabunga asomile futhi awe, ngokuvamile isitshalo sifa. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zomzabalazo yisisombululo se "karbofos" ngesilinganiso se-5-9 g ngalinye 1 l amanzi. Badinga ukucubungula izikhathi ezingu-4 ngenkathi efudumele, isikhala esiphakathi kwezokwelapha isonto. Ungasebenzisa futhi umshini we-sulfosene emulsion, isisombululo soju-isobho noma i-pine (extrastalve 2 tablespoons in 0.5 amalitha amanzi afudumele)
Aphid
I-insecte enkulu, esithambile yomthunzi ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, u-1-3 mm ubude, okuyinto, ehlala engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga, ifaka ijusi le-foliar, ngemva kwalokho amaqabunga ahamba khona. Ngenye ihlobo, i-aphid inika izizukulwane ezingu-20. Ungakwazi ukulwa nama-aphid ngesisombululo sesephu eluhlaza, isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate noma i-emulsion ye-soap-soph (qhafaza isipuni esingu-1 sopho powder nengxenye yesipuni samafutha enjini ku-1 litre lamanzi afudumele).
Kulolu hlu ungafaka umhluzi wegwayi (40 g kagwayi ugxilisa usuku ku-1 litre lamanzi, ubilise imizuzu engama-50, uphuze futhi ungeze amanzi kumthamo wokuqala) no-ash (300 g lomlotha osesiliva uthele 1 litre lamanzi abilayo, ubeke umlilo emaminithini angu-30, Hlanganisa ngamanzi ku-10 l ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokufuthola imfucuza ukuze ihambisane kangcono nomhluzi yengeze isobho esincane noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka seviniga. Ungakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele i-aphid ngokupompa izikhathi ezine ngokukhipha okunamandla kasawoti odliwayo.
Uyazi? Ukwesabisa ama-aphid eduze kwe-mandarin ungatshala i-geranium enomsindo.
I-Garden slug
Enye yezinambuzane ezimbi kakhulu, amaqabunga aqothulayo, iziqu, izithelo ze-tangerines. Babenomzimba ohlangene kakhulu, futhi ukulinganisa okuphakathi kwamanye amazwe kubonakala, i-mucus ibanjwe isikhumba. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ferramol, i-Meta, i-Brook Snakol, umanyolo womhlabathi we-calcium, ukumile ngomhlabathi ngamabomu (i-slug ikhetha ukuhlala emanzini), ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho ezikhethekile noma ukuqoqwa kwemibhalo ye-slug kunomphumela omuhle. Ukulahlwa kwesikhashana okukhula kokhula, okuzoqinisekisa ukufudumala okuhle nokufudumala kwenhlabathi, ukuxubana nge-sawdust, ukuboshwa ngamapaneli endala epulasitiki abanjwa emhlabathini kuyisivikelo esihle kakhulu kusuka emasimini engadini.
Izibungu zomhlaba
Izinambuzane zaseMandarin zibangela ukuthi izitshalo nezindadini zihlupheke, futhi ukulwa nabo kufanele kusebenze. Emanzini omhlaba, umzimba omude, ohlangene uphelela ku-16 cm, uhlukaniswe esigabeni esiphambene nesigaba esiphambanweni sibe izingxenye ezingu-180, ngasinye esinobopha obukhulu. Ngezimbalwa ezincane, azizona izinambuzane, kodwa ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kuholela ekuvimbelweni kwe-mandarin: isitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula futhi siqala ukuphelelwa amandla, futhi phansi komhlaba ochotshoziwe uphululela emigodini yamanzi. Isisombululo sesinaphi (ithisipuni elilodwa ngamanzi angu 1 litre), elisele, lizosiza ukuxosha izibungu, okwenze izimpethu ziphume. Ungazama le ndlela: faka isitshalo ubusuku bonke esitsheni ngamanzi phezulu, ekuseni zonke izinambuzane zizophuma. Ngemuva kokuthi badinga ukuqoqwa futhi badluliselwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Citrus Nematode
Isibungu esincane sombala omhlophe esinomzimba ogcwele umzimba futhi sisho i-dimorphism. Ithinta uhlelo lwempande lwe-mandarin (ifomu elikhulu lokuvuvukala ezimpandeni), londla okuqukethwe kwamaseli we-cortex yezimpande. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukulala emva kokukhula, emva kokuphela. Umonakalo we-citrus nematodes ubonakala ngokumiswa kancane kancane kwe-mandarin, ukunciphisa amaqabunga, ukunciphisa ama-ovari, ukuwohloka kokubonakala kwesitshalo. Ama-tangerines aphethwe yi-nematode ahlaselwe kakhulu yizifo ezifayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi. Kodwa-ke, ungaxwayisa ukubonakala kwe-citrus nematode, ukuphatha izinto zokutshala ngamanzi ashisayo futhi ungakhohlwa ukuchelela okuvamile okuvamile kwe-mandarin.
Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, ezifika ngesikhathi ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinonya zizovumela abalimi ukuba bavune isivuno esihle sama-mandarins enempilo.
