Ukubaluleka kwama-ukhukhamba asekuqaleni kungukuthi izithelo ezakhiwe ngesikhathi esifushane azibabazi.
Phakathi kwabalimi bemifino, imifino ye-ikhukhamba "i-Zozulya F1" ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bemifino. Eminyakeni engama-40 ekhona futhi ekhula izikhathi ezingu-100, kulungile ukuthembela kwabathengi.
Cabanga ngezici zokutshala kwalo ku-greenhouse kanye nasensimini.
Ikhukhamba "Zozulya F1": umlando wokuzalanisa
Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amane eyedlule, ochwepheshe be-Vital Endelshtein Vegetable Testing and Production Centre baqhubekile ekuthuthukiseni i-hybrid entsha.
Uyazi? Abapheki base-Iranian kanye namaswidi njalo bakhonza ukhukhamba. Lezi zithelo ezweni zibhekwa njengezithelo.Ososayensi u-Yuri Kudryashov, uVladimir Mukhin noVasily Skachko abaphelelanga nje kuphela ukuthola i-hybrid esanda kutholakala kakhulu ngokuvunwa okuphezulu, kodwa futhi ukuthola ukuthola umswakama omuhle kanye nezimo zokukhanyisa ukuhluma okuhle, ukuthuthukisa imihlahlandlela yokulima imifino. Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuba abalimi babheke izinhlobo ezingaziwa. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubonakala kwayo emakethe yembewu, wathola udumo ngemiphumela esheshayo, isivuno esikhulu, ukumelana nezifo kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezinye izinhlobo zekhukhamba, njengokuthi "Isibindi", "Herman".
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ikhukhamba "Zozulya" ezichazweni kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabathengi kuwuhlobo oluvuthiwe oluvuthiwe, izithelo zazo ezingadliwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-45 emva kokutshala imbewu. Ngaphandle, ukhukhamba kancane lumpy, abe nomumo cylindrical. Iphethini elimnyama elimnyama alibonakali esikhunjeni esibomvu esibomvu. Isithelo siyakuthandeka, asibabazi. Lesi sici sezinhlobonhlobo singenxa yezici zayo zofuzo. Ubude bezinkamba ezimbili zekhukhamba kusuka ku-20 cm ngesisindo esilinganisiwe esingaba ngu-170 g. Kufika ku-12 kg wezithelo zingathathwa kusuka kumitha eyodwa yesikwele yokutshala ikhukhamba.
Uyazi? Izithelo zamakhukhamba ngamanzi angu-97%. I-3% esele i-carotene, amavithamini C, PP, B, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela: i-potassium ne-magnesium.I-ovary yenziwa ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezinambuzane, okuyikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu kubalimi bemifino yokukhiqiza kokushisa nokuvolon. Enye inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo ukuphikisana okwandayo kuma-virus we-cucumber mosaic, izimpande zokubola, imvula yomnqumo, i-askohitoza. Ukunambitheka kwamakhakhamba "i-Zozulya" okusetshenziselwa phambili ekusetshenzisweni kwabo efomini elisha nekheniwe.
Ukukhuphula ikhukhamba izithombo
Ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yokuvuna nakho kunelisekile yibo abakuqoqa emhlabathini ovulekile, esitheni sokushisa, ngisho nangaphansi kwesihenqo sefilimu. Yini edingekayo ukuze uhlume ngempumelelo futhi ukhule izithombo?
Ukulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala
Ukuze kuhlume kahle imbewu ye-hybride, kubalulekile ukuqhuma, ukulahla imbewu engenalutho nokungenakusetshenziswa. Imbewu ehlungiwe ifakwe amahora amaningana kumgqugquzeli wokukhula. Abanye balimi bakhetha imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo "Ecosil", "Emistim", "Acrobat MC". Abanye basebenzisa indlela endala, ehlanganisa ukulungiselela isisombululo esikhethekile esilinganisweni sezingxenye eziphakeme zokhuni, i-nitroammofoski nelitha elilodwa lamanzi afudumele. Qaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abalimi bemifino abaphatha imithi yezinhlamvu. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo azidingi izenzakalo ezinjalo futhi zifudumala.
Kubalulekile! Ukhukhamba awuthandi ama-drafts nobanda, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo kumele luvikelwe kusuka e-hypothermia. Kuze kube sekugcineni, izinkomishi ezinamathebulethi we-peat kufanele zifakwe eluhlobo oluthile lokuma ukuze kunciphise umphumela wefasitela elibandayo elifakwe kwi-peat efudumele.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ama-agrijans enza ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zekhukhamba, zombili izithombo kanye ne-seedless. Kodwa ekuhloleni kokuqala okuhlukahlukene okusebenzayo kuphawulwe kunokwesibini. Ngakho-ke, abaningi ngaphambili babetshala imbewu elungiselelwe emaphilisi e-peat athengiwe: into yokuqala ayifake ezindebe zeplastiki ezilahlayo futhi zanisela kakhulu. Futhi uma okuqukethwe kugcwele ngokugcwele umswakama futhi kunciphisa, okusanhlamvu kuyancipha ngomunwe owodwa nengxenye engamamitha. Ikhava eliphezulu ngekomishi yesibili, ekwakheni izimo zokushisa okushisa. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bokukhulisa noma yiziphi izithombo zithole impendulo emihle evela kubathandi bezithelo, ngoba akudingi ukudonsa futhi kuvikela uhlelo lokulimala ngesikhathi sokulimala.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani amazambane, i-turnips, i-dill evela kumbewu.
Ukunakekela izithombo zekhukhamba
Ukhukhamba "Zozulya" phakathi nonyaka okhulayo - kusukela kokutshala kuya ekuvuneni - udinga ukunakwa. Sizoqonda konke ngokuhlelekile.
Ukukhanyisa
Amakhono anezikhukhula zekhukhamba adingeka ukuthi afakwe efesiteleni eliseningizimu, lapho ehlala efudumele futhi elula. Uma kwenzeka ukushisa kwelanga okuqinile, kuhle ukuthungela iwindi ukuze ukukhanya kuhlukaniswe, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela amancane angase ahlupheke ngokushisa.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukukhulisa izithombo kuhlangothini olusenyangeni, kuzodingeka ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho ufake izibani ze-fluorescent ukuze ukhukhamba uzobe ukhanya amahora angu-12-16. Uma kungenjalo, amahlumela azokweluleka kakhulu, azobe eshelele futhi encane. 
Ukushisa
Ekamelweni lapho izithombo zekhukhamba zitshalwe khona, kufanele zome futhi zifudumele. Umbuso omkhulu wokushisa emini usubhekwa ezingeni lika 23-25 ° С, ebusuku -19-20 ° С.
Abanye abalimi benza ukunciphisa kahle ekushiseni emva kokuvela kwamahlumela: lokhu kwenziwa kumakhilomitha angama-16 ° C, ukuze iziqu ziqinise futhi zinganciphisi umsebenzi wokukhula. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kube khona izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni nasezingxenyeni.
Ukunisela
I-Peat substrate ezindebe akumele ime. Isiqu ngasinye, kuye ngokuthi izinga lomswakama ekamelweni nasezingeni lokushisa, kufanele liphuze nsuku zonke ezinxenyeni ezincane zamanzi ahleliwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Uma inhlabathi iswakanyiswe kakhulu, thatha isikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-1.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze ikhukhamba ifinyelele kanzima futhi iqhume ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufakelwa okuphakade, kuyadingeka ukondla izithombo ngamakhomikhali anomsoco noma amaminerali. 
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza 2 ukugqoka. Abanye bayeluleka okokuqala ukuthi benze lokhu ngesisombululo se-urea noma ukumnika umquba wezinkukhu. Bese uphinda emva kwamasonto amabili "Effecton". Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi aliwa emagatsheni wezithombo. Isondlo kumele ijowe ngobumnene ngaphansi kwempande.
Uma amahlamvu ephendukile ehlathini, izakhi eziqukethe i-nitrojeni zizosiza; uma amaqabunga ebukeka ephaphathekile, insimbi iyadingeka, futhi uma iziqu zihlukaniswa, i-superphosphate ngeke iphazamise.
Uyazi? Ukhukhamba "Zozulya" weza ekusetshenzisweni nge-F1, okusho isizukulwane sokuqala se-hybrid. Uma imbewu ivunwa esithelweni sokutshala, isivuno esizayo sesivele sibe ne-F2 uphawu.
Ukuzikhandla
"Zozulya" ayithandi kubanda emhlabathini noma emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, izithombo ezingapheli zisabela kabi kakhulu ezimweni zomhlaba ovulekile. Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa okuhleliwe kwamakhukhamba esifudumele sezulu esifudumele, ufake izindebe emgwaqweni. Udinga ukuqala esikhathini kusukela ngo-4 kuya ku-5 ntambama, lapho umoya wangaphandle ufudumele ngokwanele. 
Ungaphinda uqine izithombo ngokuvula iwindi amahora amaningana.
Umoya omusha unomphumela omuhle kuwo, okwenza ukwanda kwamandla omzimba omzimba. Into esemqoka ukuthi "i-Zozulya" ayizange ifakwe ngaphansi kwethonya lamanzi abandayo emimoya, imidwebo. Ukushisa okuncane + 8 ° С kuvunyelwe.
Ukutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela
Sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izitshalo zekhukhamba ngokufika kokushisa okuzinzile, lapho kungekho usongo lwe-frosts, kanti umhlaba usuvele ushushu. Ngokuvamile, le nkathi iwela emavikini amabili edlule kaMeyi.
Imbewu yamakhukhamba eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, okuyizinhlamvu ezingu-4 eziye zazithuthukiswa ngayo, ishintshiswa zibe yi-greenhouse noma indawo evulekile. 
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela indawo ukhukhamba
Ukuhlehliswa kokuhlela kudingeka kuhlelwe kusengaphambili. Okokuqala, qaphela labo abandulela isiko lekhukhamba (sizoxoxa ngabo kamuva). Khona-ke kusukela ezindaweni ezisele, ukhethe ikhukhamba elungile futhi ivikelwe emiphakathini yasenyakatho.
Umhlabathi kule ndawo kufanele ube mnandi futhi unomsoco. I-sandy loam ne-loam ayifanele izinhloso ezinjalo. Okufanelekile, kufanele kusetshenziswe umhlabathi omnyama obamba umswakama kahle. Indawo ayifanele ibe khona ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho umoya obandayo uqoqa njalo, nasemagqumeni, lapho umswakama uphuthuma ngokushesha.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izitshalo zokhula zizovela embhede ngaphansi kokubheka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuwasusa ngokuchoboza umhlaba ophezulu ukugoqa nge-hoe bese ukhulula i-substrate. Abanye abalimi benza izakhi eziphilayo endaweni yangakini - ngqo emithonjeni ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyilapho abanye bebafaka emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokulima ekwindla. 
Futhi, qaphela omakhelwane "Zozuli". Ochwepheshe batusa ukutshala ummbila, i-dill, i-coriander engxenyeni esenyakatho yamakhukhamba, okuyinto, ekukhuleni, ezovikela imivini emimoyeni ebandayo. Abomakhelwane abanjalo baseningizimu basuke bengathandeki kakhulu, ngoba, lapho bebumnyama ilanga, bayonqanda isiko lemibandela yokuthuthukiswa okugcwele.
Kubalulekile! Ukuba khona kwezimbali ezingenalutho kukhombisa ukuhlelwa kokungafundi kahle kokufunda.
Abanduleli abalungile nababi
Uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala ukhukhamba "Zozulya", kubalulekile ukunaka isitshalo, okuyinto ngonyaka odlule etshalwe ngakwesokunxele ukuze izithombo.
Ochwepheshe babiza abahamba phambili kunazo zonke amakhokhamba:
- zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi;
- utamatisi;
- amazambane;
- imifino;
- i-legumes;
- izaqathe; anyanisi;
- i-beetroot;
- rhubarb
Phakathi kwamasiko angafaneleki:
- ukhukhamba;
- amakhabe;
- amakhabe;
- u-squash;
- ithanga;
- zucchini.
Ukutshala izitshalo
Endaweni yokutshala okuhlongozwayo, kubalulekile ukwenza izimbobo ezifinyelela ku-45 cm ububanzi. Engeza phezulu ku-40 g we-compost noma i-humus phansi, bese ufaka ama-peaty clumps wezithombo kusuka ezinkomishi noma usike. Izitshalo ezintathu zitshalwe emigodini enamanzi, bese zithululwa. Emhlabathini ovulekile, amakhukhamba avame ukutshala emigqeni, eshiya isikhala semitha engamamitha. Uma ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse emkhatsini wezitshalo kubona ibanga elingama-1 m. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi ukutshala, ngaphandle kwalokho ubeka engozini ukukhula kwezimbali ezingenalutho. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bemifino ekhulayo, imitha ngayinye engamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye akufanele kube ngaphezu kweziqu ezintathu.
Uyazi? Amakhukhamba avuthiwe angu-100% angahlukaniswa ngesikhumba sabo esibomvu. Mhlawumbe lena yodwa yodwa imifino, ngokuvamile evame ukungabi nalutho.
Ukunakekela nokuhlakulela ukhukhamba "Zozulya"
Ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokulima buyisihluthulelo sokuvuthwa okusheshayo. Uma ungenzi amaphutha, ama-ukhukhamba amasha avela embhedeni wakho wegadi angase avele etafuleni lakho ezinsukwini ezingu-25 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ukubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zamakhukhamba, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela ukhukhamba ezivela kuma-aphid.
Imibhede ye-Shelter
Ngakho-ke ukhukhamba zakuqala wezinhlobonhlobo "Zozulya" azihlupheki emanzini okushisa okungenzeka, futhi ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla, kunconywa ngisho nezitshalo ezomisiwe ngemuva kokutshala. Eminyakeni yamuva, izakhiwo ezincane zezintambo eziningana ze-arched nama-polyethylene amafilimu ziye zithandwa kakhulu. Izikhonkwane zihleliwe emhlabathini, futhi phezulu kwazo zelulela indawo yokukhosela. 
Idala i-microclimate evumela ukuthi ikhukhamba ibophe ngokushesha ukufaka ama-inflorescences. Kule ngxubevange, le nqubo ifaneleka kakhulu, ngoba ilawulwa kakhulu yizimbali zezihlobo zesifazane (okungukuthi, lezo ukhukhamba ziboshwe).
Cabanga ukuthi izindawo zokuzivikela ezinjalo ziyisivikelo esibi sezitshalo kusukela emahlathini esentwasahlobo. Endabeni yokwesabisa kwabo, kungcono ukunakekelwa kwesiqephu sesibili sefilimu kusengaphambili, okuzovumela ukudala ukungena kwomoya. Ukwakhiwa okukodwa kungasuswa kuze kufike, kuze kuqale ukuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwehlathi.
Kubalulekile! Njengendawo yokuhlala yamakhukhamba, ungakha amakhadibhodi amakhadibhodi amancane ahlanganisa iziqu ngokushesha ngemva kokugcoba inhlabathi.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula nokukhuphuka
Ukhukhamba uthanda ukushisa kanye nomswakama. Ngakho-ke, inani lemibhedqo yokuhlanza kufanele libe yilapho igumbi lomhlaba lingabe lime. Amanzi wokunisela asekela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuzophinde kube nokushisa, ngoba ukuchelela okubandayo kuzokwenza okubi kakhulu kunokuhle. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuletha uketshezi kokushisa kwama-degrees angu-20. Ungamanzi kusuka ekutheni uketshezi noma ukushayela ubuchwepheshe. 
Ukwandisa inani lomswakama emhlabathini kuyodingeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokubunjwa kwe-ovary. Qinisekisa ukuthi amaconsi awafakiwe emagqabeni. Wonke amanzi kufanele ahambe ngaphansi kwempande. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo nsuku zonke, uthele cishe amalitha amabili amanzi ngaphansi kwezitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, ukungaphezu komswakama kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-fungal pathogens, ngakho-ke, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-25 ° C, asikho isidingo sokuchelela nsuku zonke. Kwanele ukulawula isimo somhlabathi kumbhede wekhukhamba nge-10 cm ejulile.
Kuvinjelwe ngokungafanele ukufafaza noma ezinye izinqubo zamanzi phakathi nosuku. Isikhathi esihle sokunisela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kanti izitshalo eziye zaqala ukukhiqiza i-fruiting ziyaphuza kabili ngosuku.
I-Agronomists ibiza ukukhishwa okuvamile komhlaba futhi ukhula ukhula kunomunye umbandela obalulekile wezitshalo ezigcwele ezitshalweni. Okokuqala, le misebenzi ifaka isandla ekwenzeni i-aeration yenqubo yezimpande. 
Futhi okwesibili, abavumeli izitshalo ezingadingekile ukuthatha izakhi ezisemhlabathini. Kungenzeka ukubhubhisa inhlabathi ye-crust nge-rake, futhi lezi zinqubo kufanele ziphindwe emva kokunisela okunye.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yilezi ezingeni lika 12-15 cm.Ukuze ucasule ukubukeka kwezimpande ezengeziwe ezitshalweni, imigqa ihluma. Le nqubo igalela ekugcineni umswakama futhi ivikela iziqu ezivela emoyeni nasemakhazeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamakhukhamba emakhakheni ehlobo ehlobo angeke athole amanzi.
Ukuphoqa ukudubula okuyinhloko
Ngesicelo salo mlimi, ungakwazi ukuncibilikisa i-sprout ephakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuthuthukiseni kangcono amahlathi e-bush and ikhukhamba. Indawo lapho ukugubha khona kwenzeka khona ngaphasi kweso lesithathu leqabunga. 
Ngendlela, le ndlela yokukhalenda ivame ukukhulula ukhukhamba ukusuka ku-inflorescences engenalutho, ngoba ngokulahlekelwa phezulu kwehlumela eliyinhloko, isiqu siqala ukwandisa ngamandla amagatsha ase-lateral nezimbali zesifazane.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukutshala i-hybrid kufanele ibe yizinsuku ezingu-14. Ngoba le misebenzi isebenzisa ingxube ye-1 litre ka-urea nomquba, oqedwa ebhaketheni lamanzi eli-10.
Kulezi zibuyekezo mayelana ne-hybrid evuthiwe "Zozulya F1" balimi balingisa izikhathi eziningi zokulima ezihlukahlukene. Akadingi ukunakwa ngaphezu kwezitshalo zemifino, kodwa uzombulela ngokukhululekile ngokuvunwa okuqinile futhi okuphakeme.
