Ukugqwala

Indlela yokuvikela i-"Cathedral" eliphakathi kwezifo nezinambuzane

Phakathi nesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwezobuchwephesha kwezolimo, kulula ukuthola izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya ezifanele izimo ezithile. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, kusukela ekuqoqweni kuya kuthiwa "abasebenzi". Izinhlobo "zokusebenza" zivivinywa isikhathi eside futhi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi "i-cathedral" yepeyari, inqobe uthando lwabalimi ngenxa yokunethezeka kokunakekelwa kanye nemiphumela ebikezelayo. Kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapheya, kufaka phakathi i-pear yomnyango, zingaphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane.

Amazolo ka-Mealy, ukuthi ungavikela kanjani ikhasi elimhlophe

Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kunazo zonke zamapheya wesikhumba yi-powdery isikhutha semvelaphi yefungal. Lesi sifo sisebenza hhayi kuphela kwamapheya, kodwa nakwezinye izitshalo engadini. Ibukeka njengeqhwa elimhlophe elimhlophe phezu kwamaqabunga nezithelo. Izimpawu zokuqala zivela emaqabunga amancane, ikakhulukazi phezulu, bese usakazeka ngokushesha emthini. Le fungus ithinta ukukhula kwamacembe namahlumela amancane. Uma ugijima lesi sifo, amaqabunga neziqu zomile bese ziwa.

Kubalulekile! Umama we-Mealy uthathwa yomoya futhi ungahamba ngokushesha kwezinye izitshalo engadini yakho.

Isimo sezulu esishisayo sithinta izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, njengoba kunciphisa ukumelana kwezitshalo kumagciwane ahlukahlukene nezinambuzane. I-mushroom inamathele emaqabunga aphethwe ukungabi nomswakama, ngokushesha ewachitha.

Lapho i-powdery isikhutha ivela, abalimi bavuna ngokushesha amahlumela abasha abashise ukuze inhlama ingafaki kwezinye izitshalo. Futhi, zonke izitshalo zifakwe kabili ngenkathi ye-prophylaxis. Ukupunika kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga esanda kuqala ukuqhakaza.

Uyazi? Kuyinto elula ukuthola lesi sifo ngo-Ephreli futhi ngokushesha ukuyiqeda, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizofa ngo-Agasti.

Ukusifiphaza kwesibili kwenziwa ngemva kokuqhakaza. Spray ingxube yezidakamizwa I-Terramycin 100 ml, i-Streptomycin 250 ml, i-penicillin 100 ml - 1: 1. Kanti naseziqaleni zokuqala kwe-fungus, ukupompa umquba we-soda nomsizi kusiza (amalitha angu-12 amanzi kanye no-40 g wesepha, 48 g we-soda).

Kungani amapheya ebola, noma indlela yokubhekana ne-moniliasis

Uma umgadi wensimu ebona ukuthi unamapareyari ku sadupochka yakhe, ngakho-ke uvamise ukusola ngesimo sezulu. Kodwa, cishe, ipeyari yagula moniliozom.

I-Moniliosis iyisifo esingajabulisi nesibanzi esikhulu. Isikhathi ngasinye sithinta izithelo zezitshalo, kanti ipear yomnyango ayiyona into. Ukuphakama komsebenzi we-moniliosis kuwela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwepeyari.

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngezindlela ezimbili: ukushisa komzimba kanye nezithelo ukubola. Izithelo ezivuna izithelo zihamba ngokushesha futhi zisakazeka ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala sengathi i-speck encane ebomvu ehlanganisa ngokushesha ingane ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5. Endaweni ekhulisiwe, amaphuzu abukeka asheshayo ombala omhlophe-ayenziwa - lokhu izinhlamvu ze-fungus Monilia fructigena.

Uyazi? I-fungus isakazeka ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu, uma isimo sezulu somile, angeke sande.

Indlela yesibili yalesi sifo ishisa kakhulu, esakazeke ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia. Kule fomu, izimbali ezithintekayo, izithelo zezithelo nama-pear twigs ziphenduka ngokumnyama futhi zomile. I-fungus iqala ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nenkathi yezimbali zesitshalo, lapho izinga le-humidity liphakanyisiwe.

Kubalulekile! I-fungus ingena ngamanxeba futhi iwonakele ezindongeni ze-fetus. Isibonelo, lapho ugoqa amapheya ngomunye nomunye, ukumboza kwe-wax kususiwe futhi igobolondo elivikelayo lilimazekile.
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokubhekana nalolu hlobo lwe-fungus. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu: ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuwa, kubalulekile ukubhubhisa izithelo eziwilekile - imithombo ye-moniliosis, futhi ungakhohlwa ngamapheya okubola aphezu kwezihlahla.

Ukuze kuvikelwe, abalimi baphatha izitshalo ngamafungicides. Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokubheka isikhumba, bese uphinda ukwelashwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.

Ezindaweni lapho kunezinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi we-horticultural, umsebenzi omkhulu uqhubeka ukubhubhisa i-fungus monilial. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla kushaye izithelo ezibolile eziphakathi kwezithelo kanye namahlamvu asele. Izihlahla nazo ziphathwa nge-fungicides ngenkathi kwenziwa ama-inflorescences futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza.

Uyazi? Entwasahlobo, ngemva kwebusika ebusika, umuntu angabona ukushisa okunamandla kokushisa komnoni.

Isifungumnyama esimnyama, indlela yokuvikela ipheya kusuka ezitshalweni ezimnyama

Esinye isifo sofuba esithinta umnyango wepeyari umfutho omnyama, noma umakhalekhukhwini. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu izitshalo ezincane noma ezibuthakathaka.

Le fungus ihlanganisa ama-pores esitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga aqala ukufa. Futhi esimweni esimisiwe, sonke isitshalo sibulawa. Uma ubona i-pear bloom, ehlanganisa amaqabunga noma izithelo, okokuqala udinga ukunciphisa ukuchelela nokucacisa umqhele wesihlahla.Lapho ephakeme umswakama, ngokushesha i-fungus iqala futhi isitshalo sifa.

Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo siqukethe ezimweni eziphezulu zomswakama ophezulu, khona-ke kuyinto engaphezu kwamanye amaselula.

Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-fungus emnyama, udinga ukucubungula umuthi nge-fungicides. Ukuqhakaza okwakhiwa i-fungus kufanele kususwe nge-sponge emanzini noma ngesha.

Ukuqothula amahlamvu: yini okufanele uyenze?

I-agent causative yalesi sifo ngu ukhunta Gymnosporangium sabinae. Umthengisi - umjunipha, lapho le makhowa egqamile khona.

I-cathedha pear igciwane le-juniper entwasahlobo, lapho izinhlamvu ze-fungus zivuthwa. Ukukhwehlela akushayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi i-petioles, izithelo namahlumela.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka zivela ngoJulayi. Engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga akhiwa izindawo ezibomvu zesimo esingavamile. Uma isikhathi singathathi isinyathelo sokuqeda le fungus, amaqabunga nezithelo zepeyari bazobuna bese bewa.

Uma ubona ukuthi ukugqwala kubonakale emaqabunga ephakathi kwephepha lakho, ke okokuqala kufanele umise ukusakazeka kwefungus. Uma amaqabunga namahlumela avela amabala, kufanele usule ngokushesha bese ushisa. Uma ingqikithi yomonakalo encane, khona-ke udinga ukuhlanza ibala elimnandi futhi uhlanza isisombululo sevitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Futhi ukwelashwa kwamapheya kuyadingeka ukwelapha ama-fungicides, aqukethe ithusi nesulfure. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngesikhathi izimpikiswano zisesehla esihlahleni, kanti okwesibili - emva kokusakaza kwamapheya, lapho izingxabano zisakazeka ngokuqhubekayo.

Uyazi? Uma usuvele uphefle ikhasi eliphakathi kwekhanda, khona-ke isidingo sokufafaza kusuka ekugqeni sishiya.

I-aphid eluhlaza ephepheni, indlela yokuqeda inkathazo embi

I-aphid eluhlaza iyinambuzane eyingozi echaphazela izitshalo eziningi ezithela izithelo. Ama-aphid aphuza leli qabunga ngephepha, ihlumela noma i-shoot of pear futhi ancelise isitshalo esitshalweni. Lesi sitshalo siyancipha futhi siba yisisulu esilula ngamagciwane ahlukahlukene.

Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-aphid ezihlala kuphela ezimpandeni zesitshalo bese ziwalimaza.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ze-aphid ezinamaphiko, ngubani ohamba emoyeni kuze kufike ku-25 km, ebeka amaqanda esikhathini esizayo.

Kubalulekile!Uma uqaphela ukuthi kunezintuthwane eziningi endaweni yakho, hlola ingadi ye-aphid.

Umonakalo owenziwe nge-aphid omkhulu. Cishe yonke isitshalo engadini yakho ingaba isidlo salesi sibungu.

Ukuvimbela nokuqedwa kwama-aphid, kuqala kokubili Kubalulekile ekwindla ukusika nokushisa amagatsha abathintekayo ngama-aphid namaqabunga ashukela.

I-Aphid ikhetha izitshalo ezincane. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sasebusika, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela izitshalo zokuba khona kwamaqanda bese uphefa ngamanzi ama-70-80 degrees. Lokhu kungenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ikhasi eliqala ukuhlakaza amaqabunga.

Lahla ama-aphid azokusiza ukubhubhisa ama-ant colonies avikela ama-aphid. Lokhu kungenziwa ngamanzi abilayo, uwuthulule ube yi-anthill. Ukuphuza njalo kanye nomanyolo akuvumeli ukuba unyuse ususe ijusi esitshalweni. Njalo udinga ukuhlanza isihlahla, ukuhlanza amagxolo endala, ama-exfoliated, lapho i-aphid ithola khona isiphephelo esikhulu.

Izindlela zokubhekana ne-hawthorn pear

I-hawthorn iyi-butterfly enhle ehamba ngesikhathi semini. Amaphiko ayo afika ku-70 mm, ama-veil ayenesundu (abesifazane) nabamnyama (abesilisa).

I-Hawthorn ibonakala ngoJuni futhi inesikhathi sokuphila esifushane samaviki angu-1-2. Idla kuphela i-nectar futhi iphuza amanzi ngokukhulisa i-proboscis. I-butterfly eyodwa ye-hawthorn ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-500 isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Amacimbi akhula kuwo izinsuku ezingu-15-16. Ukuqothula, baqala ukudla zonke izitshalo zezithelo.

Cishe amaviki amathathu amacimbi adla izithelo namahlumela amancane athambile. Khona-ke, ngekwindla, yakha i-cocoon futhi ifakwe emaqabeni omdala asele. Ngentwasahlobo yomtholampilo weWapthorn, isikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza siqala. Badla amahlumela avuvukile, bese efihlekile namaqabunga. Isibungu esidala sidla iqabunga lonke, lishiya amasosha alo kuphela.

Baqeda isikhathi esisebenzayo sokudla emva kokuqhakaza kwamapheya kanye nama-apula. Bese bethinta phezulu, baphenduka babe yizidakamizwa. Emva kwamasonto amabili, i-butterfly ibonakala, ilungele ukuzala.

Izimvemvane ze-Butterfly azivamile, futhi ngokuvamile zixhomeke ezimweni zesimo sezulu ezandulele. Ukulwa nabo, kubalulekile ukubhubhisa amaqanda, ukuqoqa nokushisa izidleke ze-butterfly, ukuheha izinyoni ezondla izinambuzane. Uma ubona ukuthi kunezidleke ezingaphezu kwezingu-4 esihlahleni esisodwa, kubalulekile ukuqala ukucubungula ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo noma izinambuzane.

Ama-insecticide angathathelwa yi-tincture yomhlonyane: 750 g yesitshalo esomile uthele amanzi bese ubambelela ezinsukwini ezimbili, bese ubilisa imizuzu engu-25 emlilweni ovuthayo bese ukwandisa ivolumu kuya ku-10 amalitha. Phakathi nenkathi, lokhu kulungiselelwa kungasetshenzwa izitshalo izikhathi ezingu-6 njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7.

Kungani amapheya avela ekhoneni, nokuthi angalwa kanjani

Ngokuvamile ukubukeka kwe-sucker kwi-pear kuwumphumela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Uma ubusika bebufudumele futhi bunomswakama, bese ulindela i-pussycatcher ngamapheya.

I-Medianitsa, ephikisana ne-pear, ihluke ku-apula eyodwa ngoba ibumnyama futhi inemivimbo ephuzi ngemuva. Ngokuvamile ubusika obunzima ngaphansi kwezikali ezindala zegxolo lomuthi, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile.

Ngentwasahlobo, emva kokunyuka kwamanzi, i-sucker ihlala emahlathini amancane. Zinephuzi elilula, kunzima ukubona. Ngamunye we-squirrel wesifazane angakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-300. Kusukela kulelo qanda elilodwa, izimpungushe ezibomvu ziphuma, ezihlala emaqabunga amancane, ama-pedicels, amahlumela futhi ancelise ijusi eliphakathi kwamapayipi.Ngesikhathi sehlobo, omunye oshayayo angakwazi ukubeka izizukulwane ezintathu zamaqanda. Ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu izithelo zikhula ngokungalungile, amaqabunga asomile futhi awa, amahlumela aphelile.

I-Medianitsa ineli gama ngoba izibungu zalo zihlanganisa amazolo amanyala, angase aphule emthini ngezinye izikhathi.

Ukuze ulwe nobunikazi bezinyosi, udinga ukuhlanza amagxolo emithi ekwindla bese ushisa, ubhubhise amaqabunga awile, uhlanze indawo eduze kwezihlahla ezivela emanzini ahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuba ithini lamapheya liqhakaze, izimpungushe ezivuswa ngemva kokushisa kwe-hibernation kufanele zifakwe ngesixazululo nesisombululo se-0.2%. Karbofos noma isixazululo esingu-0.3% Ama-Chlorofos.

"Ukuvuna isitha": kanjani ukuvikela ikhasi eliphakathi kwe-weevil

Yonke insimu iyazi kahle le nkathazo njenge-weevil. Le yi-beetle encane (kufika ku-4.5 mm), emaphikweni lapho kunezingxube ezithandanayo. Le bhungane ihamba ebusika ekuqhekekeni kwamagxolo, ama-grooves, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.

Lapho izinhlanzi zifika entwasahlobo, i-weevil ikhuphuka esihlahleni. Udla izinso, enze izimbobo ezincane kuzo. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuvela, i-weevil yezinsikazi ibeka amaqanda kuwo, insikazi eyodwa ikhiqiza amaqanda angama-100.

Izimpungushe ezivela kula maqanda, zidla ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwembali, zikwazi ukugcoba amacembe ayo ngendwangu yayo, okwenza amacembe ame.

Ngemuva kwezimbali zamapheya, isizukulwane esisha se-weevils sivela. Baqala ukudla amaqabunga ama-pear, bakulungiselela ubusika.

Ukupompa njalo kunconywa ukulwa nale nkathazo. I-Metaphos, iKarbofos, i-Vafatoksom kanye nabanye Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa nalezi zixazululo yisikhathi sokwakheka kwe-pear. Uma uthola lezi zimbungulu emmpandeni, emva kokuvuna kuphela isitshalo singelashwa.

Ungaphinde ugwedle izibungu esitsheni bese uwathulula nge-diesel.

Kubalulekile! Ukushaya amabhungane kungcono ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezulu kwezingu-10, ngoba esimweni sezulu esishisayo bazobamba indiza.

Ukuze ususe ikhasi elivela ku-weevils, udinga bamba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ubhubhise izithelo namahlamvu. Kungenzeka sebenzisa izibhande zokubamba phezu kwesiqu sephepha.

Uhlu lwalokho okungalimaza ikati lomnyango lukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, ungavikela isithelo sakho sensimu yezithelo ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Into esemqoka njalo ngesikhathi sokuphendula lolu hlobo lwesongo.