I-Camellia yisitshalo esivame ukuluhlaza somndeni we-Tea. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezitshalo "Camellia sinensis", itiye lenziwe ngamaqabunga ayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zekhamellia ziye zathola ukusetshenziswa kwimiyezo yokuhlobisa.
Uyazi? I-Camellia nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-rose rose yaseJapane.
Izinhlobo zamakamela ekamera Ikamelo lakwaCamellia liwumuthi omude obekezelayo othunjiwe noma u-shrub, ophethwe ngokuphelele nezimbali. Batshengise amaqabunga amacwecwe ombala omnyama omnyama. Elanga, amaqabunga e-camellia aphuma njengama-sunbeams.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphatha ngokucophelela amaqabunga esihlahla: zibukhali kakhulu futhi ungazisika.
Lezi zimbali zasekhaya zaseJapane zihlukaniswe ngezihlobo ezilandelayo:
Intaba yaseCamellia. Indawo yokuzalwa yalolu hlobo lwe-camellia ithathwa njengoFr. Okinawa. Izihlahla zezitshalo zikhula zibe ngamamitha angu-5 ukuphakama. Emagatsheni amancane atholakale ehlumela ama-pubescent anezinwele ezibomvu. Amaqabunga angaba ngu-3 cm ubude futhi afinyelele ku-7 cm ubude. Amaqabunga ahamba ngendlela elliptical noma oblong-ovate, i-underside ishicilela kancane, ingaphezulu iluhlaza, iluhlaza obumnyama. Izimbali eziyi-7 cm ngobukhulu zinomsindo womlingo, zikhule izicucu ezingu-2-3 zepinki, ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu. Lezi zimila zikhula kahle emakamelweni apholile. Blooms kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari.
I-camellia yaseJapane. Lezi zinhlobo zisakazwa kabanzi emahlathini aseKorea naseJapane. Izihlahla nezihlahla ze-camellia yaseJapane zikhula zibe ngamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama. Ehlongozwe phezulu futhi egijimile emaphethelweni, amaqabunga e-camellia amnyama afaka isikhumba kuze kube yilapho ethinta khona futhi elula. Ukuma kufana neqanda noma i-ellipse. Izimbali 4 cm ubude zikhula zombili zingabodwa futhi zibili. Umbala wembali ubomvu, umhlophe noma obomvu, kuneziqabunga ezihlukahlukene. Kuvame ukuqhuma kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ekhaya, uthanda indawo entsha, epholile.
Ikhamela yaseChina. Indawo yokukhula - amathafa asezintabeni, ama-gorge namahlathi aseChina. Ukuphakama komuthi omdala kufinyelela kumamitha angu-155. Amaqabunga angaba ngu-4 cm ubude no-10 cm ubude, i-ovate ne-elliptical ngendlela. Amaqabunga amancane abe nokuqhakaza kwezinwele ezimhlophe, amaqabunga amasha avulekile. Ikhamlia yaseChina ithanda amakamelo apholile.
Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwekhamela ekhaya
UCamellia udinga ukunakekelwa okunzima okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi iqhume isikhathi eside futhi ijabulise iso ngobuhle bayo.
Indawo efanele nokukhanyisa
I-Camellia ithathwa njengesitshalo esithandekayo, kuyoba ngcono ukuyibeka kumafasitela esentshonalanga noma ukuvezwa kwezwe. Ngesikhathi sezimpande kunconywa ukuba ungadlulisi ibhodlela ngembali, kuphakanyiswa ukuba uqale ukhethe indawo azohlala kuyo njalo.
Uyazi? Intaba yaseCamellia ibekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi amaJapane, ngokuphambene nalokho, bathanda isithunzi.
Ukushisa nomswakama
Imbali ibucayi kakhulu ekwakhekeni futhi iphendula kahle ngokushintsha okusheshayo kokushisa. Ebusika, i-camellia kufanele ibe se-loggia egqamile, kodwa izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-12 ° C, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lilimaza le mibala.
UCamellia uyathanda umoya omanzi. Kuzoba usizo ukufaka isitsha ngamanzi eduze nesitshalo. Kudingeka ukuhlanza njalo amaqabunga ngamanzi athambile, kodwa amanzi akufanele awe phezu kwezimbali nezimbali zalesi sitshalo, lokhu kuzoholela ekwindeni kwezimbali kanye nezimbali ezibolayo.
Ukunisela nokudla umhlabathi
Inhlabathi kumele ibe yocwecwe. Ukuze kutholakale i-asidi edingekayo, ama-agent ahlukanisa umhlabathi kufanele afakwe enhlabathini: izinaliti zephayini, i-perlite, i-pine bark eqoshiwe; Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhula kahle kwekhamellia, amanzi emhlabathini kubalulekile. Ungagcwalisisa inhlabathi ngokungeza ijusi lemon, i-oxalic acid ne-citric acid. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yilapho ilula futhi i-airy, lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni amanzi aphelile. Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ngesisekelo se-peat, lokhu kusetshenziselwa futhi kusetshenziselwa ama-rhododendron, azaleas, njll.
Ehlobo imbali kufanele ivame ukuphuziswa ngamanzi ahlukanisiwe noma ahlungiwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Ebusika kudingeka badle kancane kancane. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asimi, kepha asigcini. Uma kuhlanganiswa imbali, kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi yekhamellia imiswe kancane.
Entwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela amancane eqala eqala ukuvela, udinga ukucwilisa ikamela. Ukuze kusetshenziswe umquba, izitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezimbiwa ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi izitshalo zezimbali. Ukuphonsa umanyolo emanzini, ukunciphisa umthamo kabili kusuka kulokho okukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji. Akudingeki ukuthi usondle imbali kaningi, futhi uma ukugqoka okuphezulu kuphezulu, khona-ke i-camellia ingafa. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ukufaka umanyolo kudinga ukumiswa, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi uhlaka lubekwa.
Ukudubula nokufaka umqhele wamakamela
Sika ikamela elithathwe ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwakhe, ukuze izimpande zemibala echitshiyelwe zingondla isitshalo ngokwazo. I-Camellia inqunywe ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngaphambi kokukhula kwentwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile, kuyisiko ukunquma ingxenye yesithathu yamagatsha kanye neminyaka embalwa, kodwa uma kukhona isifiso, ungayinquma 2/3 ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusoka kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umqhele futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezinso. Ngenxa yokusoka, ungakwazi ukulawula ngokuzimela ubukhulu bembali. I-camellia intaba ingaqedwa ngaphandle kokwesaba, kodwa ikhamela enetha kufanele ichithe ngokucophelela.
Ngesikhathi futhi nini ukutshala imbali
Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo ezincane, izimbali ezindala zifakelwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emine. Empeleni, i-camellia ayiketshenziswanga, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo idluliselwa embizeni entsha. Izimbiza zekamela zidinga kabanzi. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande yembali. Intamo yentambo, ephakathi kwezimpande nesitshalo sesitshalo, akufanele ifafaze umhlaba. Kubalulekile ukutshala imbali emva kokuqedwa kwezimbali. Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala imbali kumele siphonswe nsuku zonke.
Uyazi? Ngezinye izikhathi kunconywa ukuba uhlwanyele imbali ngqo lapho i-camellia blooms, kodwa kulokhu kungenzeka ukuba ulimaze izimbali.
Izindlela zokubeletha zekamela elincane
Ukukhula nokunakekelwa kwekhamela embizeni kuqala ngokusakazwa okufanele kwesitshalo. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakaza i-camellias:
Imbewu
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyindlela evame kakhulu. Imbewu evuna ukuhlwanyela ihlwanyela masinyane, ngoba ngokushesha ilahlekelwa "ukuhluma" ngoba iqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat (1: 1). Uma uphakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-21 ° C, izinga lokuhluma kwezimbewu liyokhula kakhulu, ngoba ukukhula kwabo kuvela emavikini amabili kuya komnyaka owodwa. Uma kukhona amaqabunga amabili kuhlumela, amahlumela asetshenziselwa omunye komunye ngezimbiza ezine-10 cm.
Izimbali ezihluma zikhula ngokushesha futhi zivumelane kalula nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezimbi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-camellia zingase ziqhakaze ngonyaka wesithathu ngemva kokuhlwanyela.
Kubalulekile!Ngokujwayelekile ikhamela ibhula emva kweminyaka engu-6 yokukhula..
Cuttings
Enye indlela yokuzalanisa i-Camellia - izakhi zokukhiqiza. Ake sibone indlela yokutshala kahle camellia nge-cuttings. I-cuttings, evuthiwe engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, inqunywa ngamahlamvu amane athuthukile. Kudingeka ukuthi itshalwe ngokushesha eshlabathini noma ingxube yezwe le-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1). Iphuzu le-cutting lixilwe ku-phytohormone futhi lizama ukuqinisekisa ukushiswa okukhulu kwenhlabathi ephansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulinda kuze kufike ukusika, kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ukuze ukhiqize, udinga ukuthatha izihlahla ezindala - amahlumela amancane awafanelekile.
Ukwenza imbali iqhume ngokushesha, ama-graft ahlanganiswa ezitshalweni ezikhulile kusuka kumbewu. Izitshalo ze-graft zamaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula kwentwasahlobo. Ihlumela elikhulayo liphuza kakhulu, khona-ke udinga ukunciphisa ukuchelela, kuzosiza ukuvuthwa kwezinkuni.
Izinkinga zokulima, izifo ezikhona kanye nezinambuzane
Ukwazi ukunakekela ikamela, akufanele ube nezinkinga ekukhuleni. Ikakhulukazi ngoba Ukunakekelwa kwembali akuyona inkimbinkimbi, nakuba camellia idinga ukubekezela nokunakwa. Umvuzo uyokusiza izimbali ezinhle futhi ezikhanyayo.
I-Camellia ithinteka ezinye izinambuzane. Isibonelo, ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal, izindawo ezimnyama nezimpunga zivela emakhasini. Ukuze ukwelashwa, kudingeka usebenzise ama-fungicides, nakuba kungcono ukuphonsa isitshalo esithathelelekile.
Imbali ifinyeleleke kakhulu kumthelela we-mosaic. Ngenxa yalokho, imifino yamagatsha ishayela imbali.
Umonakalo omkhulu uletha i-aphid nebomvu. Ukudla ngejusi yemifino, bayayifaka i-pad, eyakha i-fungus emnyama. Ukuqeda lezi zinambuzane, imbali iphathwa nge-swab yekotini efakwe utshwala noma i-insecticide.
Inkinga enkulu yeKamellia iyisisindo esisodwa. Izimpungushe zalo zibhubhisa izimpande zesitshalo, futhi kakade izikhukhula ezindala zilimaza intamo impande, ngenxa yokuthi imbali ifa. Ukuze uphinde utholakale kule nkemba, sebenzisa isisombululo semithi ehambisanayo - udinga ukuhambisa inhlabathi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ikamela. Qaphela kahle ngemuva kwembali futhi yena kuzokujabulisa isikhathi eside ukuqhakaza kwayo.
