Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu basebenzisa umlotha okhuni njengomanyolo. U-ash akagcini nje ukufaka umquba, kepha futhi ubeka umhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa komlotha ekulimeni ngesikhathi esisodwa kuthuthukisa kokubili ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali namakhemikhali enhlabathini. I-Ash inezindawo zokunciphisa i-acidity, isheshe ukuvuthwa komquba bese ukhulula inhlabathi. Inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe futhi ihlanganiswe ngomlotha yindawo enhle yomsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane ezincane zenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi amabhaktheriya okulungisa i-nitrogen.
Kubalulekile! I-Ash kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile. Umswakama ubonakalisa lo manyolo - ulahlekelwa izakhi zomkhondo, i-potassium. Uma upaka umlotha emasakeni epulasitiki ongavumeli ukungena komswakama, ungagcinwa kuze kube seminyaka eminingana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlotha ugcina izindawo zawo.
Yini ewusizo emlilweni
Umlotha okhuni njengomanyolo usetshenziswa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali awusizo. Iqukethe i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-potassium nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali omlotha kuhlukile, kuncike kwisitshalo esivuthayo, esitholakala kuyo. Izindwangu zamazambane, imivini, imifino utshani emlotha wabo aqukethe i-potassium engama-40%. Umlotha wokhuni unomumo ohlukile, ne-calcium ekuholeni. Ama-conifers athile e-phosphorus - kuze kube ngu-7% ngokubunjwa.
Ukwakhiwa komlotha kuhlanganisa izakhi ezingaphezu kuka-70 nezici ezingu-30 zokulandelela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayinalo i-chlorine, eyenza sikwazi ukutshala amasiko angawabekezeli. Isici kuphela esitshalayo esidinga futhi esingenzeki emlotha yi-nitrogen. Zonke izakhi kule manyolo engokwemvelo ziqukethe ifomu elifaneleka kakhulu ekuthatheni izitshalo.
Yimuphi umhlabathi ongawuthela umlotha
Umlotha ungasetshenziswa emhlabathini ohlukile. Ngenxa yezindawo zayo, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo, inikeze isicelo esifanele.
I-ash inekhono lokuyikhulula engasetshenziselwa inhlabathi enamandla yobumba. Ngokuletha umlotha enhlabathini ekwindla, ungenza kube okukhululekile. Ukubalwa kwesamba kusekelwe ebuhleni bomhlabathi nezitshalo okulindeleke ukuba zikhule kuwo. Ngamamitha angu-1, i-100 kuya ku-800 g yomlotha ingasetshenziswa.
Inhlabathi emhlabathini enesihlabathi ngokuvamile ifakwe umlotha entwasahlobo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze izakhi zingangeni emhlabathini ngamanzi aqhakazile. Ukwethulwa komlotha emhlabathini owunhlabathi kunomphumela omuhle kakhulu kwikhwalithi yabo.
I-Ash isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inhlabathi e-acidi, icebise ngosizo lwayo marsh, marsh-podzolic kanye nenhlabathi eyihlathi lemifula. Kuphela enhlabathini ye-saline ayikhuthazwa ukwenza umlotha.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kokushisa, izitshalo ezahlukene zinikeza ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukene womlotha. I-Potassium ngokuvamile iqukethe izitshalo ezinotshani: izihlahla ze-sunflower-kuze kufike ku-40% wokuncintisana-kuze kube ngu-35%, izinambuzane - 32%, okusanhlamvu-20%. I-peat ash iqukethe i-potassium encane ne-phosphorus, kodwa i-calcium eningi. Kukhona ne-calcium eningi emlilweni ovela emlonyeni we-willow ne-poplar - kufika ku-43%, futhi ku-birch - 30%.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezingasetshenziselwa umlotha
Izitshalo eziningi, umlotha uyisitolo sokugcina izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kukhule kahle.
I-Ash isetshenziselwa ukutshala izihlahla, imifino, izimbali.
Ngabe hlobo luni lwemifino lukhuni lomuthi:
- amazambane;
- utamatisi, pepper, isitshalo seqanda;
- ukhukhamba, isikwashi, i-zucchini;
- anyanisi, i-garlic yasebusika;
- iklabishi yezinhlobo ezahlukene;
- izaqathe, iparsley, beet, radishes;
- uphizi, ubhontshisi, i-dill, isaladi.
Ngaphandle kokutshala imifino, umlotha wezimbali nakho kuyinzuzo enkulu. Izimbali ezitholakalayo zivame ukuba zilungiswe ngamaminerali, okwanele emlotha. Ungafaka umanyolo ngezilonda nezimbali zensimu - i-gladioli, i-asters, i-begonia, ibhalsamu.Ngokuba izihlahla, izakhi zomlotha nazo ziletha izinzuzo eziningi. Ukuze umanyolo wezihlahla, kokubili umlotha owomile kanye nezixazululo kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo kuyasetshenziswa.
Uyazi? Ukwethulwa komlotha ezintabeni eziseduzane nezinsika zokutshala ama cherry nama plums kuthinta lezi zitshalo. Kwanele ukwenza ukugqoka okunjalo kanye eminyakeni engu-3-4. Ukuze ubeke umlotha ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ama-grooves akwenziwa nxazonke zomqhele, lapho isisombululo somlotha sithelwa khona noma umlotha uthululwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-groove, engaba ngu-10 cm ejulile, ihlanganiswe nomhlaba.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ash
I-Ash iyisimanyolo esiwusizo kakhulu, kodwa uma uyisebenzisa kanye nama-humus, umquba, umquba kanye ne-peat, ungathuthukisa ukhiqizwa kwawo. Izinzuzo zalolu umanyolo zingathathwa ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuphila kwezitshalo - ekulungiseleleni inhlabathi yokutshala, ukulungiselela imbewu, ukutshala izitshalo nokuzidla.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo eziningi, kuyasiza ukuletha umlotha emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokumba ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane wenze 1 inkomishi yomlotha nge-1 m². Inani elifanayo liyadingeka kumakhukhamba, isikwashi, i-zucchini. Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi utamatisi, i-pepper kanye nama-eggplant yenza izingqikithi ezintathu zomlotha nge-1 m².
Ngaphambi kokutshala iklabishi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, ungase udinga 1-2 izibuko zomlotha nge-1 m². Ama-karoti, ama-parsley beet kanye nama-radishes endaweni enjalo adinga 1 indebe yomlotha, kanye nama-peas, ubhontshisi, ama-radishes, ulethisi nedill.
Ukuze ubambe ubusika, ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi kanye ne-garlic yasebusika, engeza 1 inkomishi yomlotha ngamunye.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yezitshalo ezihlukene, zingaqala ukucubungulwa nge-microelements. Ukucebisa okunjalo imbewu imbewu okhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-peas, utamatisi, pepper elimnandi, izaqathe. Lokhu ukukhwabanisa kushesha ukuvuthwa kwesivuno, kuyandisa.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iphathwa ngomlotha amahora angu-12-24. Ihlanjululwe ngesilinganiso sama-g g ku-1 litre lamanzi afudumele, iphikiselwe izinsuku ezingu-1-2, bese imbewu ihlanganiswa kule nkinga amahora angu-6.
Izitshalo zokutshala
Lapho utshala izitshalo ungasebenzisa umlotha. Kunezindlela ezehlukene zokufafaza umlotha ezitshalweni. Umlotha ulala emithonjeni ngaphambi kokutshala ngenani lika-1-3 tbsp. izinkezo. Uma utshala izihlahla, ungasebenzisa ingilazi yalomanyolo, futhi izihlahla nezinkuni ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-1-2 kg yomlotha emgodini owodwa.
Uma utshala izitshalo, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise umlotha nomhlabathi, njengoba lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunyusa umphumela walo ohlelweni lwempande. Futhi, ukuxuba umlotha nomhlabathi kuzokuvimbela isitshalo ukuthi singashiswa, kungenzeka ngokuxhumana ngqo.
Izitshalo zokudla
Izitshalo ezikhulayo nezithuthukile zondliwa ukuze zenze ngcono kangcono. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa umlotha ngokubukeka okuhlukile.
Ukuze ukondle ama-strawberries ngomlotha, kudingeka ukhulule inhlabathi efafazwe ngomlotha ngesilinganiso sezinkomishi ezimbili zomlotha nge-1 m². Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwalesi sitshalo, ukudla okunjalo kuyoba usizo kakhulu. Izixazululo ezithandwa kakhulu zokudla ama-strawberries, asetshenziswa ezikhathini ezahlukene.
Amazambane nawo aphethwe ngomlotha - ekuthomeni kokuqala, 1-2 st. izinkezo zomlotha. Lapho isigaba sokuqala siqala, kuqhutshwa umhlaba wesibili, lapho ungabeka khona ingxenye yengqamu yomlotha esihlahleni ngasinye.
Ukugqoka u-garlic kanye no-anyanisi okufakwe emhlabathini kwenza 1 ingilazi yomanyolo ngehora elilodwa lemitha.
I-Ash yondla kahle amajikijolo, imifino, izihlahla. Kulezi zinsuku, umthelela womanyolo uhlala eminyakeni engama-4.
Kubalulekile! Ukusebenzisa umlotha ukuze ukondle izitshalo, ungakhohlwa impilo yakho. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nemigomo yokuphepha efuna ukuvikelwa kwamehlo kanye nezitho zokuphefumula ezivela ezinhlayiya ezinjenge-dust, ezingangena kalula.
Lapho umlotha ungasetshenziswa
Ngisho neziqu eziphilayo ziphikisana. Umlotha womhlabathi akufanele usetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-bird droppings, umquba (ukhuthaza ukungena kwemvelo kwe-nitrogen), i-superphosphate, i-nitrogen fertilizer fertilizers (ivuselela ukukhululwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokulimaza izitshalo). I-ash emhlabathini we-alkali ne-PH kusuka ku-7 nayo ayisebenzi.
I-ash kufanele ixubane nenhlabathi futhi igweme ukuxhumana okuqondile nezimpande zesitshalo. Ngenxa yokuthi umlotha uqukethe usawoti ongathandeki kuwo amahlumela amancane, akunakwenzeka ukutshala izithombo nawo kuze kufike okungenani amaqabunga amathathu.
Kukhona izitshalo ezikhetha inhlabathi e-acidic - i-fern, i-magnolia, i-camellia, i-azalea, i-hydrangea, i-blueberry, i-turnip, ithanga, i-sorrel, ubhontshisi kanye nabanye. Akufanele zihlanganiswe nomlotha, njengoba ihlisa izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi.
Umlotha okweqile, okuyinto eqinisweni, i-alkali enomphumela, kungaholela ekufeni kwebhaktheriya enhlabathini, izibungu zomhlaba kanye nabanye abameleli abazuzayo bomhlaba. Ukubuyiselwa kwesilinganiso esivamile emhlabathini kuyashesha futhi kunzima, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisi kabi le manyolo.
Ash kusuka ezifweni nezinambuzane
Ukulawula izinambuzane ezisetshenziselwa ukumnika umlotha wokupuniza. Iresiphi yilezi: uthele ama-300 g omlotha ocwebeziwe ngamanzi abilayo bese ubilisa imizuzu engu-20-30. I-decoction eholayo kufanele ishiywe ukuxazulula, bese uhlanganisa amanzi bese wengeza amanzi ukuze uthole amalitha ayi-10 okukhipha. Kulesi ukumnika kungeza 40-50 g isepha. Ukunciphisa umlotha kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe endaweni esomile kusihlwa. Umthelela wayo uzokusiza ukuqeda i-apple tree-mottle, i-Colorado ye-mbatata beetle, i-budh, i-larva nezibungu.
Ngaphandle kokupuniza, ungafaka uthuli izitshalo kusuka ezinambuzane. Le nqubo izoba kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo futhi kuqede izibungu ze Colorado amazambane beetle, i-cruciferous flea.
Umlotha owomile usetshenziselwa ukwethusa izintuthwane ezivela ensimini, imisipha kanye namashubhu.
Umlotha owenziwe enhlabathini unomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni izitshalo iminyaka. Izitshalo zakho zensimu zizokwamukela ngokwazisa lokhu umanyolo.
