Ngokuphindaphindiwe, igama elithi "siders" lizwakala emlonyeni we-agrarians abanolwazi. Iyini isiko lomquba oluhlaza, futhi kuyini injongo yokusebenzisa kwabo? Sizoqonda kulesi sihloko.
Kuyini ama-green mans
I-Siderats yilezi zitshalo zonyaka ezavuna ukutshala inhlabathi. Noma yisiphi isitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisuka kuphi, sidonsa umhlaba, sichitha izinto zayo eziwusizo. Amasiko aseSidal agcwalisa lezi zinqolobane, okwenza izwe libe yindawo enhle yokwenza amahlumela aqinile futhi anempilo.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Isakhiwo esivunyelwe ukuvuna ukuvuna, noma okulungiselelwa ukuhlwanyela, sitshalwe imbewu yezithombo zemifino eluhlaza. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ihlume, izithombo ziyanqunywa, zihlukaniswe ngokufanayo phezu komhlaba futhi zishiya kuze kube yilapho izimbambo zingapheli futhi zingena emhlabathini.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izitshalo zemifino eluhlaza
Namuhla kunamaminerali amaningi. Iningi lazo lihlobene nokugqoka okuphezulu komhlaba, okuyinto eqinisekisa amaphesenti aphezulu okuvunwa. Kodwa lezi zikhuthazo ziyingozi kokubili ezitshalweni nasemhlabathini ngokwawo. Umanyolo we-Organic, ohlanganisa izimbambo, unomphumela omuhle emhlabathini, uwusondeza ngezakhi ezilandelanayo eziphilayo (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium).
Uyazi? Ukusheshisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, abalimi basebenzisa ama-EM-amalungiselelo, afaka phakathi izinhlobo ezikhethekile zefungi, amabhaktheriya nemvubelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Siderats inqanda ukhula, iwaxosha ensimini yawo. Umquba omude udala "umshini" ovikela ubuso bomhlaba ekupheleleni nokubunjwa kwemifantu.
Izimpande ze-sideratov zingumhlabathi ongokwemvelo ongenawo wonke umuntu owela emigqeni enzima yomhlaba, ewugcwalisa nge-oksijini futhi okwenza kube lula.
Izinhlobo ze-sideratov
Isiko leSidal sinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 zezitshalo, ngasinye esinezici zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokuzikhethela kokuxhumana nomhlabathi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-sideratov ezilandelayo: izithelo zommbila, okusanhlamvu kanye nezinhlanzi. Mayelana nabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Imifino
I-bean siderata - enye yemithombo engcono kakhulu ye-nitrogen, edingekayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ngobumba obunzima kanye ne-peat-marshy.
I-bean siderata ihlanganisa:
- izinhlobo zefolda yamabhontshisi;
- Vika (ebusika nasentwasahlobo);
- uphizi, ubhontshisi, amalenti;
- i-clover, i-lupine, i-alfalfa;
- amasoya, njll.
Kubalulekile!Umanyolo onomsoco onobhontshisi siderata ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise isivuno ngo-50%. Ngalolu hlobo lomanyolo, ungabuyisela isendlalelo esivundile ngisho nasemhlabathini "ofile".
Izitshalo
Sideratami edumile kakhulu kuleli qembu yi-rye, ibhali, ukolweni kanye nama-oats. I-cereal siderata ayinqamuki futhi inomuthi ophezulu wezinto eziwusizo (i-potassium, i-phosphorus), isakhiwo ngokuphelele umhlabathi futhi awuvumeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane eziphilayo.
Ummeleli ngamunye weqembu lezinhlanzi lezimboni unesici sakhe siqu:
- i-rye inekhono lokumisa inhlabathi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuhlwanyela izindawo zohlobo lwe-marshy;
- ibhali lithanda inhlabathi eyomile, ibekezelela ukushisa kwehlobo nesomiso;
- I-oats ikhula ngokungazelelwe emhlabathini onesihlabathi kanye nasemanzini omunyu, kuwufanele kakhulu umhlabathi omuncu.
Cruciferous
Lolu hlobo lomquba oluhlaza lubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ngoba izitshalo ezisemthonjeni zivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo futhi zisabise izinambuzane zase-garden (ama-slugs, ama-worms).
Ukudlwengula, i-superica, isinaphi yizingxenye ezihamba kahle ze-cruciferous. Abazithobeki enhlobo yomhlabathi, abadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nezimo zokukhula, kunalokho bazimisele. I-Cruciferous siderats ivimbela ukuguguleka komhlaba, i-leaching yenhlabathi, icebise umhlaba ngezindaba eziphilayo, ukuguqula izinto "ezisindayo" ngendlela elula kalula.
Uyazi? Ukubaluleka kwe-sideratov ezimpandeni zabo, ngoba yonke indawo yokugcina izakhi ezitholakala khona, futhi "i-vershok" yesitshalo isisiza izimpande zithole yonke into ewusizo emvelweni.
Ukuhambisana kwezimbangi kanye namasiko
Naphezu kokuvela kwayo, umquba wokutshala umquba ohlaza okomanyolo njengoba umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe, ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile. Ukubusa kokunciphisa okuphumelelayo yilokhu: Isitshalo esiyinhloko sokutshala kanye nesandulela sayo, umquba ohlaza, kufanele ube ngowomndeni ohlukile. Lo mthetho ulula ukuchaza. Iqiniso liwukuthi izitshalo zokudla komndeni ofanayo kulezi zici ezilandelanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izicucu "zizokhipha" emhlabathini iqembu elithile lezinhlamvu ezincane, okungekho umlandeli wazo angeke akwanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omndeni ofanayo athambekele ezifweni ezifanayo. Ama-siderates angakha umhlabathi ovundile wokuzalisa amabhaktheriya, okulimaza abalandeli bezitshalo.
Indlela yokutshala siderata
Izinto ezikhethekile zokuhlwanyela umquba ohlaza okwenziwe umquba awugcini nje ngokuba ngabomndeni othile wamasiko, kodwa nangenkathi.
Ukufika ngasemuva
Kudingekile ukuhlwanyela izimpande zokuqala zentwasahlobo ngaphambi kwamasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlwanyela kwezitshalo eziyinhloko. Khumbula, umquba ohlaza ohlaza okwenyuka entwasahlobo awusizo njengasehlobo, ungasheshi ukukhula kwemvelo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-12 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, umanyolo kufanele uthathwe nge-cutter flat futhi ushiye ukuhlanganiswa.
Landing sideratov ehlobo
Ehlobo, ungenzi nanye, kodwa sideretsii eziningana. Isibonelo, ukutshala izitshalo ekuqaleni kwehlobo, phakathi no-alfalfa, ngo-Agasti - ukudlwengula. Ngakho-ke, uzocebisa inhlabathi ngendlela ephelele futhi udale zonke izimo zokuvuna izitshalo ezinhle.
Ukutshala i-sideratov ekwindla
Inketho ekahle yokuqedwa kwekwindla kuyoba okusanhlamvu. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela indawo nge rye noma oats. Ngemuva kokusika isiqu, izimpande ezisele ebusika emhlabathini zizokuvikela ekukhuliseni nasekukhuculeni, kanti entwasahlobo zizophenduka umanyolo ophilayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukufeza umphumela omkhulu, kuyadingeka ukuba ungenzi izitshalo zezinhlanzi ezizimele, kodwa izakhi ezikhethekile zemifino eluhlaza yemifino ehlukene.
Lapho ukutshala izimpande kuxhomeke kulokho okulindelekile kumanyolo ophilayo.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-sideraty esekhulile
Ukuze ugcwalise kahle inqubo yokuluhlaza, kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele ama-nuances alandelayo:
- I-Siderats idinga ukuba ihlukaniswe nje, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isakhiwo sezingqimba zenhlabathi evundile hhayi ukudonsa izimpande. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-cutter flat noma umlimi ongeke angene emhlabathini ojulile kune-2-3 cm.
- Kubalulekile ukusika umquba ohlaza ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zokuqala zivele futhi isiqu sesitshalo siba nzima.
- Ukunquma iziqu zemifino eluhlaza kufanele kushiywe endaweni yayo, kuphela ukusabalalisa kancane ukufana.
