Esikhathini eside kusukela le hen iyingane yomuntu ekuphileni. Ukuzalwa kwezinkukhu, abamhlophe baseRussia, kungenye yezinhlobo zamaqanda ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe e-CIS.
Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe, ungamhlangabeza ezinkukhuleni nezinkukhu zezinkukhu, nemikhiqizo yazo ezitolo.
Ababelethi iminyaka engama-20 bahola umsebenzi ekudalweni kwalolu hlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, wathola uhlobo olumhlophe lwaseRussia, kanti eyesibili igama layo "Snow White".
Noma ubani ozimisele ukubandakanya izinkukhu zokulima kumele aqale ngokuzalana kwalolu hlobo. Lolu hlobo aludingi izindleko zempahla ekhethekile.
Umlando wokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezidumile
Uhlobo olumhlophe lwaseRussia lwaluqalwa ngokudabula abantu besilwane seLleghorn semvelaphi ehlukile (isiDanishi, isiNgisi, i-American) kanye nabesifazane bethu "abahlanzekile". Umsebenzi wokuqala kulolu hlobo lwaqala ngo-1929. Futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-24 eyakhiwe, yahamba ngezigaba eziningana zokwakhiwa kwayo.
Umsebenzi wokubeletha kulolu hlobo wenziwa ukuze uthole ukwanda kokwenziwa kwamaqanda. Futhi ngo-1953, kwavunyelwa.
Kuwo wonke amaSoviet Union, izinhlanzi ezimhlophe zaseRashiya zazisetshenziswa kuphela ekukhiqizeni amaqanda, njalonjalo kuze kube ngu-1965. Ukukhiqiza ngaleso sikhathi kwafika amaqanda angama-190 ngonyaka enesisindo esingama-60 amagremu.
Ezikhungweni zezinkukhu ezazibandakanyeka ekuzaliseni izilwane, ababelethi bafinyelela kulezi zibalo futhi Amaqanda angu-200 ngonyakafuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. Kodwa isikhathi sidlulile, futhi ukuzalwa kwaqala ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza kwayo emhlophe. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ufinyelelwa amaqanda ama-50, futhi isisindo esiphelele samakhilogremu amathathu ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlanga lwayeka ukudingwa, ngo-1990 inani labo lahlelwa ngabantu abangaba yizigidi ezintathu. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-1975 inani labo laliyizinyoni ezingaba ngu-30 million.
Esikhathini sethu, lolu hlobo lugcine inombolo yalo eTurkmenistan, Azerbaijan naseTurkmenistan. Nakuba abalimi bethu bengakhohlwa lolu hlobo futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza ukwandisa umkhiqizo wawo, benethemba lokukhulisa ukusebenza.
Ababelethi balindele ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, uhlobo olumhlophe lwaseRussia luzokwazi ukuncintisana nezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe.
Incazelo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe zaseRussia zezinkukhu
Uhlobo olubomvu lwaseRussia lwezinkukhu lungachazwa yizici ezinjalo zangaphandle njenge:
- Inhloko ithuthukiswe kahle futhi isayizi obuphakathi.
- Abesilisa bezinhlanga ezimhlophe zaseRussia banesikhamo esikhulu esimweni samaqabunga anamazinyo amahlanu. Futhi i-hen ye-hen iyingcosana idluliselwe ohlangothini.
- Umlomo uqinile, uphuzi.
- Izindlebe zincane ezimhlophe.
- Intamo ibanzi, ubude obude.
- Izinyoni zinomkhuhlane omkhulu womkhuhlane.
- I-torso yezinyoni i-oblong, futhi ingemuva ibanzi.
- I-tummy yohlobo ilula kakhulu.
- Amaphiko ezinyoni asethuthukile futhi afanele kahle emzimbeni.
- Imilenze iluphuzi, i-plumage ayikho.
- Ubude bomsila buyisilinganiso, buhle kahle.
- Zonke izinyoni zalesi sizwe zinombala ofanayo.
- Izinkukhu ezincane zimbozwe nge-yellow fluff, okufakwa esikhundleni sezinhlanzi ezimhlophe lapho zikhula.
Iziphi izici ezingabhekwa ukuzalwa?
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinkomo zamaRussia ezimhlophe ibhekisela ekukhiqizeni kweqanda, futhi emapulazini ayo aphethwe kuphela ngenxa yalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lukhethiwe ngokumelana nama-microorganisms, ama-neoplasms.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, lolu hlobo luyathandeka kakhulu embonini yezinto eziphilayo, okwenza kube nemithi ephephile.
Uhlobo olusemhlophe lwaseRussia lungadalwa, njengasezinkukhu ezinkulu zezinkukhu, nasendlini.
Kanti futhi, abalimi bezinkukhu ezinomkhuhlane bangakwazi ukuqala ukuhlanganyela kulezi zenzo ngokuzalana kwezihlobo ezimhlophe zaseRussia, njengoba kungathobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa futhi akudingi ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziphikisana kahle nezifo, izinyoni ezindala zibonakala ngokuphepha kwazo ezingaba ngu-91%, nezilwane ezincane cishe ngo-96%.
Yiziphi izimfanelo ezinhle eziphathelene nobuhlanga
- Uhlobo olusemhlophe lwaseRussia alusizi ngokuvumelana nezimo zokuboshwa nokudla
- Inkomba ebalulekile ukuphikiswa kwe-neoplasm.
- Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziphikisana nezifo, kokubili abadala nabancane.
- Izinkukhu zinokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amahle.
Yini okuqukethwe okulungile kohlobo?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokugcina uhlanga. Ngamunye wabo unezinhlangothi zombili ezihle nezingalungile, okudingeka wazi lapho uzalisa lolu hlobo.
Uhlobo olusemhlophe lwaseRussia lungagcinwa i-underlay underlay. Le ndlela yokuqukethwe ihambelana kakhulu nabanikazi bezindawo ezinkulu.
Okuyinhloko yale ndlela ukugcina izinyoni ezigumbini ezinezimbi ezincane phansi. Iningi lezinyoni okufanele lichithe emgwaqeni, okuvumela umlimi ukuthi asindise ekudleni, ngoba izinyoni ziqala ukudla okusanhlamvu, izinambuzane nokutshala utshani obuluhlaza.
Kodwa kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi inani lezinyoni akufanele libe likhulu kakhulu, njengoba liphithizela wonke ukhula futhi lidle zonke izinambuzane. Futhi, ngenani elikhulu lezinyoni kukhona ingozi yesifo esithathelwanayo.
Into yukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcina ithrekhi yazo zonke izinyoni endaweni enkulu, ngakho umlimi udinga isikhathi esiningi sokusebenzisa ewadi lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi yenkukhu yakho ingaba nesifiso sokuthi yini ensimini engavunyelwe yona futhi kalula ibe yisisulu somcuphi.
Ukuze izinyoni zakho zivikeleke kubo insimu kumele ivikelwe, ukuwavikela ekudleni.
In abalimi abanolwazi olunenkukhu, indawo enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-solarium. Indawo engabelwe izinyoni kumele iqiniseke, ukuze kamuva kube khona ukuhlukunyezwa okuncane uma uyihlanza.
Umlimi wezinkukhu akudingeki enze isakhiwo sebumba endaweni yokuhamba, ngoba ngenkathi yemvula iyoba yindawo yokungcola futhi ibe ngumsakazo webhaktheriya, ongadingi nhlobo.
Umfuyi wezinkukhu ongakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinyoni zakhe endaweni enkulu udinga ukuhlonywa cell batteries. Ukuqukethwe okunjalo kwezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze isikhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlimi angakwazi ukukhipha usuku lonke futhi abuke amawadi akhe. Igumbi ekamelweni lesikhukhu lizohlala lihlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba izinyoni zizochitha isikhathi esiningi emakamelweni. Kodwa le nguqulo yokuqukethwe kwezinkukhu inezinkinga eziningi.
Yiqiniso, kunokuningi kokuqukethwe kwamaselula okungadli kokudla okuncane, ngoba bayothatha amandla amancane. Kodwa-ke, umlimi onezinyoni zamangqamuzana kufanele ahlale eqapha imingcele ye-microclimate enkukhu yenkukhu.
Ukushisa okuphezulu noma okuphansi kanye nomswakama kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezinyoni. Izinkomba zomswakama ohambelana nomoya akumele zibe ngaphezu kuka-70%. Ukushisa kwe-air ngesikhathi sokubandayo akumelwe kube ngaphansi kwe-degrees Celsius, futhi esikhathini esifudumele singabi ngaphezu kuka-+27 degrees Celsius.
Ngokwehla okubukhali ekushiseni ezinyoni ingafisa ama-scallops namacici. Futhi ezinyoni Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kunciphisakodwa ukudla okuphakelayo kuhlala okufanayo noma ngisho nokwanda.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu nawo anomthelela omubi ezinyoni, ukuthanda kwabo kwehla, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuyoba nemiphumela emibi ekukhiqizeni kwamaqanda. Ukungabi namanzi nakho kuyathinta kakhulu izinyoni futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqiza.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokudla izinyoni ezincane
Izinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia esiteji sokuqala zentuthuko nazo zondliwa njengama-broilers. Izinyoni ezincane kufanele zondliwe izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngosuku. Njengoba ukukhula kwentengo encane kwanda, futhi isidingo sabo sokudla, ngenxa yalokho, njengoba bekhula, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ekudleni izinyoni.
Kuze kube amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ubudala, izinkukhu akufanele zikhawulwe ekudleni, kodwa emva kwezinyanga ezimbili kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinyoni zibe ngu-20%, kubalulekile kuphela ukuba uhlolisise izinyoni uma wonke umuntu ekwazi ukufinyelela ku-feeder.
Izinkukhu ezincane kudingeka udliwe hhayi ama-pellets amakhulu okuphakelayo, kodwa umntwana. Ekubambeni kwayo badinga isikhathi eside. Futhi kunciphisa amathuba okunyundela phakathi kwezinkukhu.
Lapho kuqala amaviki angu-21 okuphila ngezinyoni ezincane, kufanele baqale ukudla njengenyoni endala. Ukudla kwezinyoni ezincane nezindala kuhlukile ukuthi abanye bane-calcium usawoti. Lokhu usawoti kusiza ukuthwala amaqanda ngamagobolondo ashubile futhi kunciphise amathuba okuguqulwa kwamaqanda.
Kubalulekile futhi ukulungiselela izinyoni ezincane zokuphatha amaqanda. Ukwenza lokhu, ukondla kufanele ukwandise okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni. Ngosizo lwakhe, uhlelo lokuzala lwezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia lukhula ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokukhiqizwa kweqanda le-egg follicle landa.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokudla izinkukhu ze-broiler.
Izimfihlo zokudla izinyoni ezindala zezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia
Inkukhu emhlophe emhlophe yaseRussia idinga ukudliwa kabili ngosuku ngokudla okugcwele. Kodwa udinga ukwazi lokho i-feeder ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa ngokugibelangoba izinkukhu zizohlakaza konke.
Ukudla izinyoni kuyoba ngokwanele ukuwagcwalisa ngo-2/3 we-feeder. Uma unquma ukondla izinyoni ngokudla okumanzi, inani layo kufanele linciphise. Izinkukhu zokudla ezimanzi kufanele zidle ingxenye engamahora, njengoba ziwohloka ngokushesha futhi zinciphisa inani lezakhi.
Ngemuva kokuba izinkukhu zidle abondli bazo, kubalulekile ukuwageza ukuze izifo zingatholi. Abalimi bezinkukhu ezizimele bafuna ukwazi ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kweqanda lezinyoni kuze kube namaviki angu-48, ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwabo kukhula njalo.
Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele badliwe ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Emva kwalokho, ukubeka amaqanda kunciphisa. Le nqubo ifinyelela ubuncane bayo eminyakeni engama-48. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, uhlobo olumhlophe lwaseRussia luyeka ukukhula, okusho ukuthi inani lokudla lingancishiswa.
Isilinganiso samagremu angu-120 esondlo ngasinye isilwane ngasinye sidliwa ngosuku. Ngonyaka kungama 44 kilogram.
Uma ukondla okuluhlaza kufakwe kwi-ration nsuku zonke yenkukhu, isondlo esiphelele kufanele senyuke sibe ngu-170 amagremu ngosuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi kokudla okumile kuncishisiwe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa nokuphila kwezinkukhu kwanda ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwezakhi ezinempilo ekuphakelayo okuluhlaza.
Lapho uphonsa izinyoni ithanga ungavimbela izifo eziningi.
Ziyini izinkomba zokusebenza zezinkukhu ezimhlophe zaseRussia?
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda isilinganiso ngasinye inkukhu ngonyaka ngonyaka wezingu-200 ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili zokuqala zomkhiqizo. Isisindo sesilinganiso seqanda singaba amagremu angu-56. Kodwa kunezinkukhu zokuqopha izinkukhu enikeza futhi Amaqanda angu-244 ngonyaka.
Kwenzeka ukuthi bathatha amaqanda angaba ngu-300 ngonyaka, kodwa lokhu kuyinto enkulu. Izinkukhu zezinhlanga ezimhlophe zaseRussia ziqala ukugijima ezinyangeni ezinhlanu, ngakho-ke ungalindela ukuthola imali engenayo.
Kusukela lokhu kuzalwa kwaqanjwa kuphela ngamaqanda, ke Ukukhiqizwa kwezinyoni zezinyoni kulezi zizwe kuye kwahlupheka kakhulu. Isisindo se-hen eyodwa singamathani ayi-1.8 kilogram, futhi i-rooster ihluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-2.5 kilogram.
Uhlobo olubomvu lwaseRussia lwezinkukhu lunomkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wamaqanda. Lolu hlobo luyaziwa kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zezwe njengangaphambili.
Lolu hlobo lufanelekile kuphela kubalimi abaqalayo, akuyona into ekhethiwe kokuqukethwe nokudla kwayo. Izinyoni ezindala ikakhulukazi ziphikisana kahle nezifo. Uhlobo lwalokhu lungagcinwa e-cottage ehlobo, okuyinto enhle kakhulu kubalimi be-amateur.
