Kanye nokunambitheka okuhle, utamatisi nawo anezindawo zokuphulukisa.
Basiza iziguli ezinomsoco ophezulu ngegazi eliphezulu, amavithamini B abasiza ukubuyisela isimiso sezinzwa.
Futhi, utamatisi ucebile ensimbi, i-zinc, i-potassium, i-magnesium, zonke izinto ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwempilo yomzimba womuntu.
Isimo sezulu saseLeningrad sinembile ebusika nasehlobo.
Ukungajwayelekile kwalo ukungahambisani nesimo sezulu: ekuseni kungase kube khona ilanga elikhanyayo, imvula enkulu-ntambama, futhi kusihlwa umoya ovuthayo. Yingakho abalimi bebhekene nomsebenzi onzima: ukuletha izinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi ezizobe zingamelana nomoya, umswakama kanye nezinguquko zokushisa.
Ibanga "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe"
Umkhiqizo waseKazakhstan abalimi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo sezilokhu zithandwa phakathi kwabalimi, njengoba zingathatha izimpande cishe noma yiziphi izimo futhi zinike isivuno esikhulu.
Abalimi sebehlanganisiwe ezitshalweni zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokumelana nesithwathwa, okwenza kube lula ukukhulela esimweni esinjalo sezulu esingazinzile njengesifunda saseLeningrad. Utamatisi "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe" kudliwa ngokushesha, ngokukhipha, ukuvutshelwa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokukhiqiza ijusi.
Izihlahla ezinquma, zikhule zibe ngu-60 cm Ezihlukahlukene zibhekwa kuqala., ngoba lifaka ukulimala ezinsukwini ezingu-90 - 100 ngemuva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Uma ukhula izithombo ku-abamba ukushisa, bese ufaka kuphela ukugxilonga, khona-ke isikhathi sokuvuthwa sizoncishiswa sibe izinsuku ezingu-85 kuya kwezingu-90. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezihlahla ezincane ezilinganiselwa ku-3 kuya ku-4 kg wezitshalo ezivela esitshalweni esisodwa, kungatholakala.
Igama lalezi zihlukahlukene cishe libolekwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezingafani kakhulu zama-apula, ngoba izithelo ezakhiwe kuphela zinebala elimhlophe, ngaleyo ndlela lifana nama-apula.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zizungezile, ngezinye izikhathi zihlungwa kancane phezulu, zibomvu. Ngaphandle, lezi utamatisi zibushelelezi, kukhona ukunambitheka kancane eduze nesitshalo. Izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, isisindo singafinyelela ku-150 g.
Lezi zihlukahlukene zivamile ukuvuthwa okuhambisanayo kwezithelookuyinto ngeke ukuphazamisa ngemuva kokuba zikhishwe esihlahleni. Ngeshwa, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithinta imiphumela yezifo ze-tomato, okungukuthi, zingathinteka yi-blight, ukubola okumhlophe, kanye nezinambuzane zenhlabathi.
Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yalezi zihlahla izoba umhlaba ocebile, okhanyayo. Izithombo zokubeka kahle zenziwa kahle ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ukujula kwembewu kufanele kube okungenani u-2 cm. Ukukhethwa kufanele kwenziwe uma sekukhona amaqabunga amabili noma amabili eqiniso ezitshalweni.
Izithombo zidinga ukudla njalo, futhi ukukhuni kuyinto efiselekayo izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokutshala phansi. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele zibe nezinsuku ezingama-55 ubudala. Uma uhlela ukwakha ezinye izitshalo, izithombo zingaba mncane kakhulu. Fit ngesimo se-scheme 70x30 - 40 cm.
Njengoba izihlahla ziphansi, azikho izinto ezisezinakekweni zazo. Lapho pasynkovanii kudingeka ukususa iningi amahlumela lateral, kangangokuthi lesi sitshalo kwakungasondelene kakhulu stem. Kubuye kunconywe ukwakha ukwesekwa okungeziwe emabhakathini ngesimo se-trellis nesigxobo esizungezile esihlahleni. Ukunisela kumele kwenziwe kaningi futhi hhayi kakhulu, futhi ngamanzi afudumele. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula nokuthuthukiswa, udinga ukwenza izingubo ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ukuze isitshalo siphume ngokushesha futhi sithwale izithelo ensimini noma ukushisa okushisa.
Hlunga "i-Agatha"
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa kuqala ngoba zivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyi-100 - 110. Izihlahla zithinta, ziphansi (kufika ku-45 cm ukuphakama), okungezona ezijwayelekile. Ukusuka ehlathini elilodwa kungenziwa ukuqoqwa cishe 4 kg izithelo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengendawo yonke, njengoba kufanelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi.
Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo zibomvu, nxazonke, zifakwe kancane phezulu, zifinyelela ku-75 - 100 g isisindo. Isithelo siyathandeka okumnandiUsayizi ofanayo. Ibhulashi iqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-utamatisi angu-3 kuya kwangu-6.
Izithelo azishintshi, futhi ngeke zingaphuluke. Ukutshala kungathathwa kalula ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi izithelo zizolimala. Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingathinteka yizifo, ikakhulukazi, ukulimala kwelanga. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuthi izithelo zivuthwe ngokushesha, i-phytophtora ayinaso isikhathi sokulimaza kakhulu isivuno.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zeNdawo yaseLeningrad, umuntu akakwazi ukweqa isiteji sezithombo ezikhulayo, ngoba imbewu ngeke isinde esimweni sezulu esishintshayo sendawo. Azikho izici ohlelweni lwezithombo ezikhulayo.
Emitha yemitha ungahlwanyela izithombo ezingu-6 kuya ku-7. Emva kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa kakhulu futhi zishiye izinsuku ezingu-10. Ukuze izitshalo zisinde ezimweni zomhlaba ovulekile, kuyoba ngokwanele ukwenza indawo yokukhosela, futhi ngokuqala kwezinsuku nobusuku obufudumeleyo indawo yokukhosela izosuswa.
Izihlahla ziphansi kakhuluNgakho-ke, akudingi i-garter eya e-trellis. Ungakwazi ukubopha isiqu ku-cola esiseduze nesihlahla, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokwengqondo yakho. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukugubha inhlabathi, nokukhulula. Lezi zinqubo ezimbili zenziwa kahle emva kokunisela, lapho umswakama uphansi ngokuphelele.
Qinisekisa ukudubula ngesimo sokususa amahlumela angadingekile kuphela, kodwa futhi amanye amaqabunga angakwazi ukuthunga izithelo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuvikelwa kanye nawo wonke amamaki.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezihamba phambili ze-cherry utamatisi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Yamal"
Ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezihlukahlukene phakathi balimi bezifunda ezisenyakatho. Vula ngokushesha - ezinsukwini ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-85 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Uqhubeka nokuthela izithelo kuze kube seqhwa.
Kunconyelwe ukulima emkhakheni ovulekile, kodwa ezimweni zesifunda saseLeningrad kuzozizwa ukhululekile kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Lesi sitshalo sisho shtamb, sinquma, i-branching evamile, ephansi kakhulu (kufika ku-35 cm). Izithelo zesimo esiphezulu, esibomvu, esincane. Okukhulu kuyoba yizithelo ezivuthiwe kuqala, ngobuningi bungaba ama-200 g. Khona-ke isisindo samatamatisi siyokwehla ukuya ku-70 - 100 g.
Ukunambitheka kubalwa njengehle kakhulu. I-Yamal yizinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuzithoba ezingamelana nokuntuleka kwelanga kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Ukuphikiswa okuqatshelwe ukulimala okuphelile.
Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu kunezinga eliphezulu, futhi isilinganiso se-5 kg endaweni ngayinye. Ukuzibonakalisa ngokuphelele futhi uhlanzeke, futhi kufomu ekheniwe. Izithelo ngeke ziwohloke ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ngenxa yobukhulu besibhakabhaka, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingakhula ngisho nasendlini. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile phakathi kukaMeyi, kodwa kumele ihlanganiswe. Futhi lezi zihlahla zifanele izitshalo ezincane.
Uma unquma ukukhula izithombo, khona-ke azikho izici kule nqubo. Iphethini lokutshala lijwayele izihlahla ezinquma - nge-1 sq. M. Imitha ingafakwa izithombo ezingu-6 - 7. Izimila zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinconywa ukuba zitshalwe kuqala ukuze zithole isivuno esheshayo.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezimo zezulu ezimbi, ayizithobeki ekunakekeleni. Ngakho-ke, lezi zitshalo Asikho isidingo sokubopha kanye nezingane zakudala. Ukuphuza njalo kuyokwanela, kanye nezithako ezifike ngesikhathi kanye nezifo zokuvimbela izifo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Gina"
Izihlahla zalolu hlobo ziyi-determinant, i-branching ngezinga eliphakathi, lokuphakama okuphakathi (kufika ku-60 cm). Kucatshangwa ukuthi yizihlobo ezihlukahlukene zakudala zalesi sitshalo esiyingozi, sivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-110 kuya kwezingu-125 emva kokusuka kwezithombo. Utamatisi ngokwawo ahloswe kahle, anesisindo esakhiweni, ngokubamba kancane, obomvu.
Ubukhulu besithelo buyamangalisa, isisindo sifinyelela ku-0.3 kg. Isivuno sikhulu futhi sinezithelo ezivuthiwe ezingaba ngu-10 kusuka ku-1 sq. M. Abasimili begubha isakhiwo esihle kakhulu futhi banambitheka izithelo, yingakho lezi zihlobo ezifakwe esikhathini esanda kukhula zizuza ngokukhawuleza.
Izitshalo zalolu hlobo ngeke zihlwithwe yi-phytophtoras futhi zizenzeke kahle. Futhi, izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside emva kokuvuna, njengoba ziqukethe izinto eziningi ezomile, futhi azizona amanzi. Ngokuqondene nendawo yokusetshenziswa, ibubanzi kakhulu.
Utamatisi onjalo omuhle futhi omuhle kakhulu uphelele ama-saladi, ngokuhlobisa izidlo, ziyoba zifakwe emanzini anosawoti noma zikhonkwane.
Izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zingaqaliswa hhayi ezitshalweni, kodwa ngokushesha ezivela kumbewu. Kodwa lolu hlobo lokutshala lufanelekile kuphela endaweni efudumele. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukukhulisa izithombo, ezingabe zengezwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, uma ngaleso sikhathi kungekho-frost. Izihlahla ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-4 zizogxila kwiyunithi yendawo. Ukunakekela izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo akunazo izinkinga.
Izihlahla zalolu hlobo zidinga ukuchelela njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka ekusunguleni umswakama akufanelekile. Ukwelashwa okuvimbela izihlahla ezivela ezifweni kuzovikela ngokuphelele izitshalo ezifweni. Njengoba izihlahla ziphansi kakhulu, azikwazi ukubopha. Ukuze ugweme uhlobo oluthile lwezithelo ze-pea, amahlumela kumele abe yi-stepson, futhi njalo. Ukuxuba futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi, kanye nokufaka umanyolo, kufanele kube khona ohlelweni lokunakekela lezi zitshalo.
Ibanga "Amber"
Izinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njenge-ultra-fast, kunesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-100. Izihlahla ziyi-determinant, stem, i-branchy medium, ephansi (kufika ku-35 cm). I-inflorescence yokuqala ihlelwe phezu kweqabunga lesihlanu noma lesithupha, futhi emva kokulandelana kwe-2 inflorescences kuyokwakhiwa ngokuqinile ngekhasi elilodwa leqabunga.
Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphuzi, ngezinye izikhathi zegolide, ezizungezile, ezincane (ezinezigaba ezingu-2.5 kuya ku-3 cm), enesisindo esingama-60 g, zizwakala kahle. Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingonakaliswa yi-phytophthora futhi i-macroporosis, kodwa imelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi. Ukukhiqiza kwenza cishe 4 - 6 kg utamatisi kusuka ku-1 sq.m.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke i-phytophtora ngezinye izikhathi ayinaso isikhathi sokulimaza isivuno. Ngenxa yalolu lungiselelo, ama-inflorescences, ama-brushes akha okuningi, ngakho-ke ukuvunwa okuhle.
Isigaba sokuqala sokulungiselela sizokhula izithombo ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho. Okulandelayo - ukufakelwa. Ngesikhathi isikhathi seqhwa singabe sesisaba khona. Ukunakekela izithombo ezivamile. Imibhede yalezi zinhlobonhlobo kumele iphakanyiswe kancane ukuze amahlumela nezithelo zingathinti emhlabathini. Uhlelo lokutshala oluvamile - 60x50-40 cm. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ngenxa yokumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azithobekile ekunakekeleni. Akudingi ukunyanyisa kanye ne-garter. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nomhlabathi ogcwele futhi ovame njalo, ngakho-ke kukhona uhlaka phakathi kwamahlumela ehlathini nasemhlabathini. Zonke ezinye izingxenye zokunakekela zihlala zingashintshi.
Hlunga "i-Ballad"
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezakhelwe umhlabathi ovalekile, kodwa zifakazelwe kahle. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zakuqala, ezivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-110 - 115. Ubusika obunamandla, obukhulu kakhulu, obude obuphakathi (kufika ku-50 cm).
I-inflorescence yokuqala ibumba ngaphezulu kwekhasi lesithupha nelesikhombisa. Utamatisi ajikelezile, aphethwe kancane phezulu, abushelelezi, obomvu ngombala, enesisindo esingama-150 g. Izithelo zinomdla omuhle kakhulu. Enye yezinzuzo zalezi zihlukahlukene yiyona cishe ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezithelo.
Utamatisi ubekezelela ukuhamba, futhi ungagcina izimfanelo zabo isikhathi eside. Izihlahla ngeke zihlwithwe yi-phytophthora, i-mosaic yohlobo lwegwayi, kanye nendawo emnyama. Umkhiqizo uphakeme futhi uwu-9 kg ngamunye nge-sq.m. Kuhle hhayi kuphela efomu elisha, kodwa futhi ngesimo sezinto eziwusizo zokwenza i-pasta ne-ketchup.
Indlela yokutshala ingafakwa futhi ingasetshenzisiwe. Kodwa, uma ungakhulumi izithombo kusengaphambili, i-greenhouse, lapho uzohlwanyela khona imbewu, kufanele ifudumele. Uma kwenzeka indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu, konke kuyinto ejwayelekile: ukuhlwanyela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ukukhula nokunakekela izithombo, ukutshala endaweni evulekile ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Iphethini lokutshala lijwayele izihlahla ezinquma (izitshalo ezingu-7 - 9 nge 1 sq. M.), ngokuqondile ngokunembile 50x40 cm.
Lezi zihlukahlukene zinomusa, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke, imodi yokunisela ayikwazi ukudutshulwa phansi, kudingeka ukhulule njalo, ubeke umquba futhi ugeze umhlaba, futhi uvikele amahlathi ngefungicides. Esikhathini sokushisa, igumbi kumele lihlale liphefumula ukuze emoyeni lome futhi kungabi mswakama.
Uma ungumgadi wensimu ovela esifundeni saseLeningrad futhi ufuna ukukhula utamatisi esiqhingini sakho, khona-ke ingxenye yomsebenzi wakho, okuwukuthi ukufuna izinhlobo ezifanele, sekuvele kwenziwe. Ukuzama nje, thola ulwazi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimbiza ezinamatamatisi amahle.
