Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezikhiqizwa ukukhethwa kwamakhono ososayensi sekuyisikhathi eside ziba yindawo evamile.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo ngokuvamile azigcini izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo, zithela kahle futhi zihlale njalo, kodwa futhi ziphikisana kahle.
Ngempela, kungenxa yalokhu ababelethi abasebenza kuzo.
Kulesi sihloko, sifuna ukukujwayela, abafundi bethu, ngesinye salezi zithelo zomvini, esaziwa kabanzi kokubili ku-viticulture yama-amateur nezimboni.
Ziyizinhlobonhlobo ze "Talisman", zonke izimfihlo esizolinga ngazo ukuzitholela ngezansi, kanye nokutshela indlela yokutshala lawa amagilebhisi amahle esakhiweni sawo.
"Umculi" - ezihlukahlukene ezizokuthokozisa ngezimfanelo zayo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa okucatshangelwe kahle kososayensi baseRussia abasebenzisa amafomu ezinjalo zabazali ngokuthi "Frumoasa Albe" futhi "Okujabulisayo" okuyaziwa kakhulu kulokhu.
Ngakho-ke, wathola amagilebhisi etafuleni, okwakuthola ukuthandwa kwawo hhayi nje kuphela njengesiko elivuthiwe, kodwa futhi njengendlela yomzali yokuthola amafomu amasha ashubile. Ekuzaleni "Umculi" ngumnikezeli wokusimama nokuvunwa okuhle, ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa lokhu ngenhloso yabahlaziyi bamateur.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthandwa kwalesi sivini ngezinye izikhathi kudlala ihlaya elinonya nalo: phakathi kwabantu kanye naphakathi kwabachwepheshe, "I-Talisman" inamagama amaningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke izithombo zayo zingaba nzima kakhulu ukuthola.
Ngokuyinhloko, amagama anjenge- "Kesha-1", "Kesha-2", "Kesha Muscat", "i-Super Kesha" futhi, ekugcineni, i- "FV-6-6", ichaza "i-Talisman" efanayo. Iqiniso nguye cishe okufana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "Kesha", unezimfanelo ezifanayo nabazali abafanayo, kodwa kunezithelo eziningi futhi kunambitheka kangcono.
Umvini "Umsila" wezithelo wamagilebhisi uvame kakhulu ngoba unesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngisho nasezimo ngezikhathi ezincane zasehlobo, futhi unamathele ngokwanele kwisimo sezulu esingaguquki. Izihlahla zalesi sithelo samagilebhisi zazibonakalisa kahle ezindaweni eziseningizimu, nangaphezu kwensimu yenyakatho yasenyakatho.
Amaqoqo e-"Talisman": incazelo yezici eziyinhloko, kanye nezici zamajikijolo
Izibhamu zaleli grafi zikhulu kakhulu, eziheha abavinini bewayini. Isisindo sesilinganiso seqembu elilodwa lingashintsha kusuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-1.2 kilogram.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwehlathi kungathuthukisa kakhulu lezi zinkomba. Ngokuqondene nezinye izici ze-cluster, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi banesakhiwo esimaphakathi nesisindo futhi singavamile ukuthukuthela. Ukuma kwezibhamu ezihlukahlukene zemivini ngokuvamile kuvamile, eminyakeni engavamile yokuvundlela impova, kungabonakali.
Amajikijolo futhi ebonakala ngobukhulu obukhuluokungaqondwa yimingcele elandelayo: ubude obuphakathi berry buyi 3.5 cm, ububanzi bayo cishe ngo-3.1. Kulokhu kungaphetha nokuthi banomumo ovalwe kakhulu kune-elongated one.
Isisindo sebheyili eyodwa singaba ngamagremu angu-12 kuya kwangu-16 nokunye, uma unikeza isihlahla ngesikhathi sokuhluma ngesilinganiso esidingekayo sezakhi. Lawa majikijolo ahlukaniswa nombala omhlophe wesikhumba sesikhumba kanye nenambitheka engavamile futhi evumelanisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, amagilebhisi e-Talisman iphunga elimnandiyini ehluke kakhulu ku-Kesha.
Kodwa, ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi, amajikijolo nawo anekhono elihle lokuqoqa ushukela, okwenza inyama yabo ibe mnandi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, izinga lenkomba ku-pulp lamajikijolo wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazweyo zingahluka kusuka ku-17 ukuya ku-23%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-acidity yabo ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwe-8g / l.
Ukuxoxa ngombuzo wezinhlanzi zezihlahla zamahlumela ze-fruiting "I-Talisman"
Ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo, izinhlobo ezichazweyo ziyakwazi ukukujabulisa kakhulu, ngoba zingathela izithelo ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yesihlahla esinamandla nesibalo esikhulu samahlumela athelayo.
Ekhuluma ngalezi zinsuku, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi phakathi kwenani lamahlumela esihlahla, inombolo yabo ingaba ngu-75-90%. Akumangazi lokho i-coefficient yokuzala yalezi ezihlukahlukene iphezulu kakhulu - 1.4-1.8. Lesi sibonakaliso siwubufakazi bokuthi ama-inflorescences angaphansi kuka-2 avame ukubunjwa ekudutsheni owodwa, ngezinye izikhathi kunezintathu (kodwa kulokhu kungcono ukwenza ukulinganisa kwesitshalo).
Esinye isihlahla ngaphandle kokwesaba singalawulwa ngamehlo enani elivela kumaphesenti angama-24 kuya ku-32. Ochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho baveza ukuthi ngokucophelela, kungenzeka ukufezekisa izitshalo eziningi nezitshalo zamagilebhisi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yalezi zihlukahlukene, kodwa futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela aseTalisman aqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha, ngokoqobo ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala endaweni engapheli yokukhula komfana oneminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa "Umsizi" kunalokho kungabonakala kumabanga okuqala. Isikhathi esigcwele sonyaka okhulayo wesihlahla kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma siphume kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwezithelo, kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-127-135. Lokhu kuvumela ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ukuqala ukunambitheka nokuphuka okugcwele kwezithelo. Amagama anjalo avumela ukukhulisa amagilebhisi ahlongozwayo ngisho nakancane enyakatho yeqembu eliphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngezihlobo ezinhle zomvini Burdak A.V.
Izimfanelo nezici ze-"Talisman", ezibhekwa njengekhadi lakhe lokubiza
- Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu namasayizi amakhulu kokubili ama-bunches namajikijolo kuwo.
- Ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo.
- Izitshalo zinesikhathi sokugcina eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nasekuqaleni kokuvuthwa okukhishwayo, bayakwazi ukulondoloza isethulo sabo kanye nokunambitheka isikhathi eside.
- Izithelo nazo zihamba kalula, zibukeka kahle ngamaqoqo.
- Isihlahla siphendula kahle kakhulu ekugqokeni phezulu ngosizo lwamaminerali amaminerali (potash usawoti + superphosphates).
- Iqukethe ukuchithwa kwe-cuttings enhle kakhulu, okusiza kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo.
- Ngokufuthola okuvamile kwesibindi kusuka ezifweni ze-fungal, ukubonakaliswa kwezifo, ukubola kwe-gray noma i-oidium akugcini.
- Ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi ku "Talisman" kuhle kakhulu. Umvini wakhe awusabi ukhilika ngo-25ºะก. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, lisho ukumboza amagilebhisi.
- Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule lezi zithelo zomvini ezimpandeni ezinokhuni okungapheli, ngoba ezimweni eziningi kubangelwa ukuthi lokhu kutholakala ukuthi izinga eliphezulu le-fruiting liyatholakala.
Ukungahleleki kwamagilebhisi ama-Talisman: yini abadayisi bezithombo abangayitsheli?
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ezichazwe ezihlukahlukene, libuye libe nezinkinga zalo. Eyokuqala kwalokhu kungukuntuleka kwemisebenzi yamadoda kulezi zimbali ze-Talisman. Nakuba ngokuvamile, naphezu kwalokhu, kuhle kakhulu impova, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ipea elincane lamajikijolo lingabonwa. Kodwa uma unyaka ungabonakali kahle ekuvundeni impova, kunconywa ukuba unakekele lokhu ngokuzimela ukuze ungahlali ngaphandle kwesitshalo.
Okungalungile kwesibili isivuno esikhulu kakhulu "Umsizi". Cishe ucabanga ukuthi kwakukhona iphutha, kodwa empeleni konke kwakushiwo kahle.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuvuna okungenzeka liboshwe esihlahleni, okuyinto ngokuvamile isihlahla esingakwazi ukukhipha. Ngakho-ke, uma umgomo wakho awuyona nje isivuno, kodwa isivuno esihle nesiphakeme, ungakhohlwa ukulinganisa inani lamagilebhisi esihlahleni.
Abaningi batusa ukunciphisa amahlumela angathuthuki, njengoba ukukhula kwabo kuthatha isamba esithile sezakhi.
Khulisa amagilebhisi "Umsizi" ekhaya: indlela yokutshala isihlahla
Ukutshala umvini empeleni kulula kakhulu. Into eyinhloko yokuba nokuqonda kwemfundiso yale nqubo kanye nomdlandla omkhulu. Ukukhuphuka "Umsizi" ngokushesha, futhi amakhono akhe okuguquguqukayo aphakeme.
Ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo amagilebhisi angakhula futhi athele izithelo? Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala
Izimo zangaphandle zingabonakala kakhulu emvinini, ngoba imvelo yangaphandle iyimithombo yezakhi zalesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhulula lo mzuzu obalulekile ekunakekeleni futhi ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo yokutshala amagilebhisi.
Okokuqala, lesi siko sitshalwe kahle lapho singathola khona ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, khetha indawo esayithini yakho engafihliwe cishe sonke isikhathi sokukhanya sosuku. Uhlangothi lwalo oluseningizimu luzosondela, kahle, noma okungenani eningizimu-entshonalanga eyodwa.
Okwesibili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amagilebhisi avikeleke emoyeni, okuyinto enamandla kakhulu uma ephuma enyakatho. Mayelana nalokhu, abalimi abanolwazi bancoma kakhulu ukutshala amagilebhisi emva kwezindlu, ezinye izakhiwo noma izihlahla zegadi, okuzosebenza njengesihlangu salesi sitshalo.
Enye iphuzu elibalulekile eliphathelene nokukhethwa kwendawo yamagilebhisi yizici zendawo. Iqiniso liwukuthi kungcono ukungatshali izivini eziqhingini noma ezigodini, ngoba umoya obandayo ogeleza ezindaweni ezinjalo uvame ukuqhuma. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, amagilebhisi angagula, noma alahlekelwe ukuvuna. ngakho-ke, intaba ephansi noma ukuphakama okufakelwayo okufanelekile kulesi siko.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu nazo izici zenhlabathi lapho amagilebhisi kufanele akhule khona. Ngisho noma ukuzala kwayo akukakhudlwana, into eyinhloko yukuthi ngokuvumelana nohlobo lwayo kwakulula futhi kulula ukuyeka emanzini. Ikhethelo elihle liyoba inhlabathi emnyama, kepha ngokukhula kwe-loam ehlathini lamagilebhisi "I-Talisman" nayo ibonise imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Njengoba kungenalo okwanele ukuzala, isihlahla sizodinga ukuba sondliwe njalo futhi sondliwe kakhulu.
Uhlelo lwempande lwamagilebhisi lukhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi luya enhlabathini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu phenya kuqala izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngeke ziphazamise isihlahla nganoma yikuphi indlela uma izinga labo lwenzeka khona okungenani ngamamitha ayi-2.5.
Uhlelo lokutshala kwe-Kut: kanjani ukuthi ungabhubhisi isivini
Njengoba izihlahla zamagilebhisi zaseTalisman zinamandla amakhulu okukhula, kufanele zitshalwe kabanzi. Kungcono ukwenza ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi amabili womugqa owodwa kumamitha amane. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba khona isikhala esanele kokubili ukukhula kwamahlumela kanye nezimpande.
Njengoba kungenhlabathi enamandla kakhulu, kungenzeka futhi ukwandise leli banga, ngenxa yokuthi indawo yokudla okunomsoco izokwanda futhi. Uma utshala amahlathi emigqa eminingana, kungcono ukushiya ibanga lamamitha angu-5-6 phakathi kwawo.
Yisiphi isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokutshala amagilebhisi ukukhula?
Isikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi singakhuliswa kakhulu futhi siyoxhomeke kakhulu endleleni yokukhiqiza.
Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukutshala amahlumela alo mkhuba kokubili entwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla. Akukho okungafani okuyinhloko kanye nezinzuzo kulokhu noma okutshalayo, konke kuzoncika lapho uthenge isiteji.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ungaqala ukutshala izithombo "zokulala", ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings nokusabalalisa amagilebhisi ngamagatsha. Esikhathini esizayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi esishisayo, ungatshala izithombo eziluhlaza, wenze ama-graft "aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka".
Inzuzo yokutshala intwasahlobo yikhono lehlathi elincane ukuze livumelane kahle nendawo entsha yokukhula futhi ikhule kangcono, ukuze kuphile lula ebusika futhi kuzinzile.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn kunwetshiwe kancane endaweni yesikhashana futhi kufaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi "izinto zokulala". Lokhu kuhloswe nge-saplings kanye nokusika, okuyinto, ngendlela, evunwa ekwindla.
Ngokuqondene nesici sokugcina, ngokuqondile ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi kunengqondo kakhulu ukutshala amagilebhisi. Isikhathi esiphezulu siphakathi kuka-Okthoba, noma kancane kancane / kamuva, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu esifundeni sakho. Ukulimala okuwukuphela kwengozi enkulu yokuqothulwa kwamaqanda ezitshalweni, nakuba kunesembozo esihle ebusika, bayakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa ngokuphelele.
Inoculate amagilebhisi "Umsizi" esitokisini: yiziphi izici namaqhinga?
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobonhlobo ze "Talisman", lolu hlobo lokuzalanisa luyamukeleka kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba i-shrub ikhule futhi ifake fruiting ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuze ube nokugoma okuhle, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa kahle ama-cuttings:
- Ama-cuttings amade ayadingeki, amehlo ka-2-3 anele.
- Ingxenye engezansi ye-cut is Kunconywa ukusika ngezinhlangothi zombili. Isiqu esibekwe ngale ndlela siyoba nokuxhumana okuseduze nayo futhi sizokwazi ukuxazulula ngokushesha.
- Ukuze ugcine ukusika isikhathi eside umswakama, ungawumisa.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okuqondile, ingxenye engezansi encotshiwe yokusika ifakwa emanzini. Ungayiphonsa nesisombululo nge-stimulator ye-form formation, elungiselelwe ngesisekelo sesidakamizwa esithi "Humate".
Lapho ulungisa isitokisi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukususa isihlahla esidala. Ukunqunywa emva kwalokhu kufanele kuhlale kubushelelezi, ukuphakama kwe-hemp kungamamitha angu-10. Ngemuva kwaloko, indawo yokunquma idinga ukuguqulwa ngokuphelele, futhi ibuye isuswe ngendwangu emanzi evela engcolile.
Ukuhlukaniswa okwenziwe kufanele kukwenziwe kahle phakathi kwesitoko. Ungawahlukanisi ngokuqinile noma ngokuqinile, ngoba lokhu kungalimaza isitoko. Ungatshala izicucu eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, uma isitoko sikuvumela futhi ufuna ukuthola isihlahla esikhulu.
Okuyinhloko yokuxhunyelelwa ukuthi yiyona kuphela ingxenye ekhonjiwe yokusika eyancipha phakathi kokuhlukaniswa, ngakho wonke amehlo ayo angaphezu kwesitoko. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kufakwe ngokuqinile ukuze ukwandise othintana phakathi kwesitokisi nesibambo.
Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyihlanza ngobumba obumanzi, okuzosiza ukugcina umswakama nokuwuvikela ekuchasweni kwezimo ezimbi. I-inoculation igcwaliswe ngokuphuza isitokisi nokuhlanganisa imhlabathi.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa komvinini okuphelele?
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ngisho nenhlabathi yomswakama wezithelo zomvini ezungeze amagilebhisi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngesikhathi somso kufanele kuphuziswa. Ukunisela kubalulekile ngesikhathi sasekuseni. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka isikhwama semifino emva kwalokho. sebenzisa i-moss noma i-sawdust njenge-mulch.
- I-subcortex kufanele ibe njalo futhi ihlanganise i-humus, i-nitrogen, i-phosphates ne-potassium.
- Isilinganiso sokutshala - amehlo angu-5-8. Kuqhutshwa kuphela ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liqhakazile.
- Kudingeka ukumboza izihlahla ebusika, ikakhulukazi izithombo ezincane.
- Ukufafaza okuvimbela njalo kuzosiza ukuvikela isihlahla ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Kudingeka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla zomvini kanye nesikhathi lapho amajikijolo esanda kuqala ukwakha.
