Uma amazambane sekuyisikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi isinkwa sesibili eRussia, kanti okwesithathu, ngakwesokudla, kungabizwa ngokuthi utamatisi.
Kunzima ukuhlangabeza namuhla umsikazi, ongazange akhumbule izindlela ezimbalwa zokupheka, hhayi ukugaya kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi akhulisa lemifino.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho sakhiwo sangadini esinganqatshwa lalabo abamele ukudla okumnandi, abanomzimba, abashonile be-nightshade.
Umhlabathi ovulekile unezinzuzo eziningi.
Okokuqala, iyalondoloza: ukukhanya kwelanga, amanzi emvula, ukushayela - mahhala.
Okwesibili, umsebenzi kumuntu omoya uletha injabulo.
Into esemqoka - ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, bese isitshalo lizohlangabezana nezilindelo zakho.
Incazelo yebanga "Ukugcwalisa okumhlophe"
"Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe" isikhathi eside futhi kusetshenziselwa kabanzi njengezihlukahlukene ezigxile ngokuphelele.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwazi neze ukubizwa ngokuthi ziyingqayizivele, kodwa ngokufanele zijabulela impumelelo kunoma iyiphi isakhiwo segadi, ngoba zombili zihlwabusayo futhi zihle, futhi, kubalulekile, zikhiqiza kahle.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngababelethi ensimini yaseKazakhstan, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, "Ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele" kukwanele ukuvinjelwa kwesithwathwa. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungabizwa ngokuthi yonke indawo ngoba kuhle kokubili ifomu ekheniwe noma elivutshiwe, ngakho liluhlaza.
Ngaphandle, kuyisitshalo esinqunyiwe esingadluli ukuphakama kuka-55-60 cm. Isiqu esifushane yenza isihlahla singabi nasizotha, ngoba akudingekile ukubopha noma ukudala ukwesekwa kwayo. Futhi ekunakekelweni akudingeki ukuba ususe uhlangothi olulinganayo olungatheli izithelo.
Ama-agronomists ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa okuvuthiwe, ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-ultra-fast.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-100 kusukela ekuhlungeni ukuqala ukuvuna. Futhi uma izithombo zihlwanyela kuqala kokushisa, bese zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke ukuvuna kuzokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-85-90. Yebo, kanti kanye nokukhiqizwa kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene ngeke kube yizinkinga, ngoba ama-kilogram ayi-3 kusuka ehlathini eliphakathi eliphakathi nokunakekelwa okulungile uqinisekisiwe.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngegama lokubonakala kwesithelo ngezithelo ezifanayo ze-apula. Ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, zibukeka ezimhlophe, noma kunalokho zikhanda, ezibonakala zifana nama-apula avuthiwe.
Utamatisi ovuthiwe "Ukuthululwa Okumhlophe" okubomvu, okuhlangene, okungaphansi kwe-flat. Ubuso be-utamatisi bubushelelezi, buqhekeke kancane kuphela esifundeni se-stem. Izithelo ziyingxenye enkulu namaphakathi amakhulu, isisindo esivela ku-80 kuya ku-130 amagremu.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zigcinwe kahle ngendlela ephukile, ukuqhuma okuncane, okubalulekile lapho ukhansela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi utamatisi uvuthwe cishe kanyekanye, ukuxubana ndawonye embhedeni wensimu.
Izifo nezinambuzane zingathinta kokubili izithelo ngokwabo kanye nezihlahla. Ukulimala okusabalalisa, ukubola okumhlophe, ama-slugs - lolu luhlu oluthile lwezifo lapho utamatisi ungahlupheka khona. Kodwa ngalezi zinkinga zingakwazi ukusingatha izixazululo zabantu ezijwayele kunoma yikuphi umsizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izitshalo zitshala ndawonye, izitshalo eziningi zisiza ukulwa nezinambuzane eziningi nezifo eziningi.
Izintandokazi:
- frost ukumelana
- ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala
- isivuno esihle
Izinkinga:
- zingathinteka yizifo
Izithombo zekhwalithi ziyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle. Kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu cishe 2, № - izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokutshala. Kulolukhuni ukuthi liphenduka isihlahla esinamandla esinokuphakama kwama-20-25 cm ngamaqabunga ama-5-7. Uma izithombo zivame kakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlala phansi futhi zinike isivuno.
Imbewu yokutshala isebenzisa inhlabathi ekhethekile. Ngokujwayelekile yindawo ye-sod, i-sawdust ne-peat e-1: 0.5: 7.
Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa umquba wamaminerali. Uma kunokwenzeka, kufanele ulungiselele inhlabathi izithombo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Bese usebenzisa i-humus, i-Peat kanye nomhlabathi wesihlabathi ku-3: 7: 1. Le nhlanganisela idalulwa efrijini ukuze iqhwa, kanti entwasahlobo yengezwa ezigayini zezithombo ezikhulayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu kakhulu futhi kusheshe kakhulu. Lapha isaga sinesifanele: kuncane kangcono. Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sizizwe sikhululekile sizungezwe izihlobo zabo futhi sibe nensimu yabo. Khona-ke izinga lezithombo zakho liyoba lihle, eliyithinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yetamatisi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi isibani esihle sokukhanyisa izibani ezinamahora angu-14 kuya ku-16, kodwa hhayi ngempela ihora. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwezitshalo ezikhulayo ngaphambi kokukhethwa kungama-20-25 ° C ezinsukwini zelanga kanye no-18-20 ° C ezinsukwini ezinamafu.
Ngemva kokukhetha, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngo-20-22 ° C ngesonto. Ukusetshenziswa kokunisela, njengomthetho, amanzi afudumele. Kancane kancane, amanzi kufanele afinyelele ekamelweni lokushisa. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni izitshalo kangcono.
Amahlumela angadonsa lapho isitshalo sinamaqabunga amabili eqiniso (eneminyaka engu-18-20)
Uma uhlela ukunciphisa izithombo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15, sekuyisikhathi sokufutheka izithombo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukunciphisa ukuchelela, izithombo ezivuthiwe elangeni. Izithombo azange zife, udinga ukucubungula i-Bordeaux liquid (1%) futhi ugeze ngomanyolo we-potassium ukulungiselela ukuwohloka kwezimo zemvelo. Kunengqondo ukwengeza i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen (1 ilitha lamanzi kanye no-4 g we-superphosphate 7 g we-potassium usawoti noma i-potassium sulfate ngalinye ilitha lamanzi).
Ukutshala utamatisi ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kube entwasahlobo, uma kungekho isithwathwa nomhlaba ufudumele.
Uma ukutshala izithombo kufanele ugobe kahle izimbobo, ukhulule phansi kuwo, ukuze isitshalo sigxume ngokushesha. Emva kwakho konke, lapho izimpande zikhula, ngcono isitshalo siyashintsha futhi siyothatha umswakama emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuphuza okuncane, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi utamatisi wokubola uyancishiswa ngokumiswa ngokuqinile emhlabathini.
3-5 izihlahla zezitshalo zitshalwe emgodini, emva kokwengeza izimbalwa ezimbalwa ze-humus emgodini ngokwawo futhi ukuphuza kakhulu. Khona-ke lezi zitshalo kumele zifakwe kancane emhlabathini ukuze ziphulwe ngomoya ovame ukuhamba. Ukwenza lokhu, abanye abesifazana batshala phansi kakhulu, bebeka cishe endaweni ezingqimba emgodini bese beshiya igumbi lokunisela. Lokhu kuzophinde kuvikele izihlahla ezinesibhakabhaka, ezisezintweni ezibuhlungu kusukela endaweni engokwemvelo engokwemvelo.
Ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa umswakama futhi uvikele izimpande ekupheleleni, ungaphakamisa umhlaba ezungeze izithombo ezitshalisiwe kuya emanzini utshani omuhle, ama-sawdust, amaqabunga. Kuyoba uhlobo oluthile lokuzalanisa izimbungu zomhlaba, ezichoboza phansi eduze kwezimpande zezithombo, kodwa izimpande ngokwazo azilimazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izitshalo zikhula, kufanele tie up stakes, 1-1.3 amamitha aphezulu. Uma utamatisi uboshiwe, khona-ke izingane zokutholwa azikwazi ukuqedwa, ngakho-ke kuyoba khona isikhala esanele sokwanda okuthuthukile nokuthuthukiswa kuze kuvele i-ovary nezithelo.
Ukubopha izitshalo akubheki nje kuphela okujabulisayo, kodwa futhi ubanakekele kalula: qaphela futhi udonse ukhula ngesikhathi, amanzi noma ugeze, futhi, okubalulekile, ukuvuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzokwazi ukusindisa isitshalo kusuka powdery isikhutha, okuthinta izithelo ezisehlabathini.
Ukutshala utamatisi onokutshala okunjalo akudingekile, ngoba wonke ama-fertilizer wanezelwa ngenkathi kulungiselelwa izimbobo ngokwabo.
Ukwandisa isivuno sotamatisi kufanele kube yi-stepson - susa amahlumela ohlangothini okhula kusukela e-leaf axil. Ukususwa kokuqala kuyenzeka uma ubude babo buyi-5-7 cm. Emva kwalokho, ukukhonta kufanele kwenziwe njengoba kudingeka futhi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lutamatisi.
Uma utamatisi zide, kufanele zisuswe futhi iphuzu lokukhula, ukuze amandla esitshalo abekho esiteshini, kodwa esivinini. Ukwenza utamatisi uvuthwe ngokushesha, udinga futhi ayeke ukuchelela , ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuphumula i-ovary entsha ngendlela yezimbali namafihlethi, okuvimbela kuphela izithelo ukuthululela.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphezulu kakhulu, izitshalo, ngangokunokwenzeka, zingasetshenziswa ngokulenga izicubu ezimhlophe phezu kwezithombo. Ngezinye izikhathi izitshalo ezinzima ezifana nommbila noma i-sunflower zitshalwe eduze kule njongo.
Hlunga "isikhumbuzo se-Pink"
Lezi zihlukahlukene zizibonise kahle ezindaweni zebalimi abafuna ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu endaweni encane. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okuvuthiwe okuqala, okuqala ukuhluma izinsuku ezingu-70-80 emva kokutshala. Lokhu kuhlukahluka isaladi yokugqoka.
Izitshalo ezicacile, eziphansi (50 - 65 cm). Amaqabunga aphakathi kwembala, eluhlaza. I-inflorescence yokuqala ibeke amaqabunga angaphezulu kuka-6-7, okulandelayo - ngemva kokushiya ama-1-2. Esikhathini sokushayela isitshalo 5-7 izithelo. Isithelo sizungezile, sibushelelezi, sibe mnandi. I-mass of utamatisi cishe ngo-70-80 g. Ukuthela isilinganiso 8 kg ngemitha yendawo ngayinye.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithola ukushisa okukhulu, okukhulisa ukukhuthazela kwayo. Kuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni amasaladi nokukhweza. It has ukunambitheka okhethekile ngesikhathi ukuvutshelwa, kusukela ngesikhathi ukuvutshelwa it utamatisi uhlala ephelele futhi aphume.
Izintandokazi:
- isivuno esikhulu
- ukukhuthazela ezimo ezimbi
Ukuhluleka akutholakali.
Ingxenye yesibili kaMashi yisikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-Pink Souvenir ehlukahlukene. Lapho kufika uJuni, izithombo zingasetshala kakade emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukutshala kufanele kube ngokwesiko 50x40 cm. Ukutshala nokunakekela izithombo kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile.
Ukunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo akunazo zonke iziphambeko ezivela ezinkambisweni ezijwayelekile.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Tiger"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala eziphakathi, kahle ukuvumelanisa ezweni elivulekile. Ukuphakama kwehlathi kufinyelela kuma-80 - 100 cm, kuvumela 3 - 5 kg ngemitha yesikwele.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-tomate zibizwa ngombala ongavamile - izithelo zibomvu nemicu ephuzi.
Utamatisi ubukhulu obukhulu, bushelelezi, nxazonke, ngomunambitheka omnandi.
Izithelo zokuqala zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-105 kuya kwezingu-110 emva kokuvuna izithombo.
Izithelo zivuthana ndawonye, cishe amasonto angu-1-1.5.
Lawa utamatisi ama-salads afanelekayo, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinongo kanye ne-ketchup.
Izintandokazi:
- ukubukeka kanye nokunambitheka kwesithelo
- isivuno esikhulu
- Uhlobo olubanzi lokusetshenziswa
Ukungalungi:
- idinga i-garter engaba yinqubo echitha isikhathi
Bhalisa izithombo ezikhiqizwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ukutshala kabusha izithombo ensimini kungaqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Iphethini lokufika lijwayelekile (40x50 cm).
Amahlumela adingekayo udinga ukubopha kanye nezingane zakudalanjengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingokwalabo abaphezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Sula"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kuhle ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ingabe i-hybrid.
Isihlahla esincane, i-determinant, ikhula ku-1, "- 1.5 m.
Utamatisi alubomvu, anesigqebhezana esinqunyiwe, amnandi ukunambitheka, anesisindo esingaba ngu-150 g ngokulinganisa. Lokhu kuyintandokazi yokuvuthwa kwesikhathi esincane, kodwa i-multifaceted kakhulu.
Njenge-hybrid, iyamelana nezifo.
Isithelo sinomuthi omkhulu we-antioxidant lycopene, okwandisa ukusizwa kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Izintandokazi:
- ukumelana nezifo
- izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Izinkinga ezingabonakali.
Izithombo akufanele zitshalwe kakhulu, ngakho-ke uhlelo oluhle luzobe luhlwanyela u-40x60 cm - 50 cm. Ukuhlelwa okunjalo kwezihlahla kuzothinta izithelo zesikhathi esizayo.
Izihlahla udinga i-garter.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi we-greenhouse.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Royal de Barao"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingokwezihlobo ezingapheliyo, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu nangaphezulu, kulesi sitshalo bese kusunduza amahlamvu amaningi.
Vula ngezinsuku ezingu-120 -130. Izithelo ziyi-oval shape, ezinkulu, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengamahloni, kanye nokukhanda.
Isici esihle salezi ezihlukahlukene yilokho kuthinteke kancane ngokulimaza, ivumelaniswe ukubandayo nokungahloniphi ilanga.
Izithelo zombala obomvu, isisindo sifinyelela ku-120 - 150 g. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu - izithelo ezingaba yi-10 kg zingasuswa esihlahleni esisodwa. Kuhle ugcina ukuhamba. Isikhathi eside asonakali ngemuva kokususwa kusuka ezihlahleni. Izihlahla zithela izithelo kuze kube seqhwa. Ukuphikisana nokulimala okwesikhashana.
Izintandokazi:
- izithelo zingasetshenziswa kabanzi
- high quality utamatisi
- isikhathi eside se-fruiting
- ukumelana phytophthora
Izisindo azitholakali
Phakathi-Mashi yisikhathi sokubeka imbewu. Izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula kahle emakhasethi. Maphakathi no-May, izithombo zingadonsa.
Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayidluli izitshalo zokuchelela. Ukunciphisa futhi ukubopha i-garter.
Naphezu kobunzima bokutshala izitshalo ezahlukene esizeni, ungajabula ngenjabulo ngemiphumela yemisebenzi yakho.
Kunzima ukubiza umsebenzi womgadi wensimu kalula, kodwa kuqhubeka ngaphambi kokuba uvunwe kanjani nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani utamatisi omnandi okomnandi ebusika lonke.
