Namuhla, indawo yokulima kwamagilebhisi isiphelile ezindaweni ezingeningizimu.
Ngenxa yezindlela ezintsha zokuzalanisa nokuvikelwa, ukuhluma nokuvuna izivini kwaqala ukubonakala cishe kuzo zonke izivande.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ezihlukene, ezihlukile ngokubukeka nokunambitheka.
Enye yezinhlobo ezintsha i-Viking, idizadidi yamagilebhisi etafuleni. Mayelana naye futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "Viking"
Izinhlobonhlobo zeviking izithelo zomsebenzi womfuyi uVS Zagorulko. futhi etholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ze-AIA-1 no-Kodryanka.
I-"Viking" yamagilebhisi ezihlukahlukene zakudalaokuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-110 kuya kwezingu-120. Kubuye kusungulwe ukuthi "iViking" iqala ukuthela izithelo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinyanga ezine ngaphambi kwe "Codrean".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okubuzwayo kukwazi ukuhlala emvinini isikhathi eside. Izihlahla zikhula kahle, imivini inamandla. AmaSpredishithi angayizikhulu noma aphakathi ngobukhulu, izimbali ziyizinsizwa, ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka-Juni.
Iqoqo lesayizi eliphakathi, elinabantu abajwayelekile, linomumo ohlangene noma we-cylindrical, ububanzi obuphakathi kuka-500 kuya ku-750 g, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-1 kg. Amajikijolo anombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abe ne-oblong ovoid shape, enkulu (32 x 23 mm), afinyelele ku-8 kuya ku-12 g isisindo. Inyama iyamanzi, i-sweet-sour, in ukunambitheka kunezinothi zemifula kanye namajikijolo. Isikhumba sincane, cishe asizwa lapho sidliwe.
Ukuthela ku "Viking" isilinganiso. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokudonsa kokushisa kuze kube ku--21 ° ะก. Kukhona nokumelana okuphansi kwe-mildew ne-oidium.
Izintandokazi:
- ngempela high frost ukumelana
- uthanda amajikijolo amahle
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo
Ukungalungi:
- isilinganiso sokuvuna
- isithinte kakhulu ngesikhutha, i-oidium
Mayelana nezici zokutshala izinhlobo
Ezihlukahlukene zemivini udinga inhlabathi evundile, njengoba ukungabi khona kwezakhi eziwusizo ezitholakala emhlabathini kuzoholela ekudakaleni kokunambitheka kwamagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwandisa i-Viking enhlabathini evundile, isibonelo, inhlabathi emnyama.
Phakathi kwalezi zihlahla ezimbili kufanele kube nesikhala esanele, ngakho ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-2.5 - 3 m.
Ungatshala izithombo mhlawumbe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Into esemqoka ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-15 - 25 ° C, njengoba izinga lokukhula lamagilebhisi esizayo lixhomeke ekushiseni.
Ngaphambi kokufika udinga hlola wonke ama-sapling. Okufanelekile, kufanele okungenani ibe nezimpande ezine ngobukhulu buka-1.5 - 2 mm, nobude bufanele bufinyelele ku-10 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombo kumele sithandeke, singaphuli lapho sihlezi, sibukeka siphilile (ayikho imonakalo yomshini kanye nezibonakaliso zokuchayeka kwezifo ezifayo).
Ukukhula okuvuthiwe kumele okungenani kube ngu-20 cm no-4 kuya ku-5 efihlekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izimpande zezithombo azomisiwe, ngoba ngeke kwenzeke ukuzibuyisela. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zibhapathizwa emanzini ngokuhlanganisa ukuvuselela ukukhula (gibberellin, heteroauxin).
Ukuze utshale kahle, udinga ukumba umgodi (0.8x0.8x0.8 m), phansi isilonda esinomsoco kusuka enhlanganisweni yama-humus (amabhakede angu-7 kuya ku-10) nenhlabathi evundile.
Ukuphakama kwalolu ungqimba kumele okungenani kube ngu-25 cm. Emva kokuba yonke ingxube igcwaliswe futhi ihlanganiswe phansi komgodi, umanyolo wamaminerali (300 g we-superphosphate nomanyolo we-potash) kumele usetshenziswe ku-5 cm obujule futhi uphinde uphinde uthule umhlabathi.
Okulandelayo, kusuka enhlabathini evundile udinga ukwenza isigundane esingaphezu kuka-5 cm high, lapho kufanele ubeke khona isithombo bese uqondisa izimpande.
Insimu enjalo kumele ifakwe enhlabathini evundile ngaphambi kokukhula (ukuphakama kwesibhamu kufanele kube cishe ngu-25 cm). Ekupheleni kwesithombo siphuzisa amanzi amabili. Ngemuva kokuba umswakama ubambeke, umhlaba udinga ukukhululeka. Ngemuva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ezinye ukuchelela oku-2 ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili, ukhulule inhlabathi bese uyimboza nge-mulch.
Amathiphu Okunakekela I-Viking
- Ukunisela
"I-Viking" ayithandi amanzi amaningi ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele ngokunisela.
Kudingeka ukuphuza amagilebhisi ngesikhathi kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Isikhathi sokuqala sokuphuza senziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba i-garter eyomile yamahlumela yenziwe.
Isikhathi sesibili ungakwazi ukuthulula umvini emva kokusika izihlahla, kodwa lapho kungekho khona i-paska (ukuhlwithwa - lokhu kukhethwa kwejusi ku-cut, njengomvini "okhala"). Uma isitshalo sibonakala ngobuncane, khona-ke, amanzi amavilanga awuthandekile.
Okwesithathu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe lapho amahlumela efinyelela ubude buka 25-30 cm.
Uma isikhathi sezivini ezivundile, sekuyisikhathi sokunisela amagilebhisi okwesine. Amagilebhisi akakwazi ukuphuziswa ekuqaleni noma ngesikhathi sokuqubuka, njengoba ukuchelela okunjalo kuzokwenza izimbali ziqhume.
Isikhathi sesihlanu umvini udinga ukuphuziswa lapho amaqoqo eqala ukwakha (lapho amajikijolo afana nama-peas amancane). Lokhu kunisela kuyoholela ekuvuneni okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukunisela okuyisithupha kusiza ukunciphisa amajikijolo eqembu.
Isikhathi sokugcina amagilebhisi aniselwa emva kokuvunwa kwezitshalo. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela isimo sezulu, uma isomiso samagilebhisi singadinga umswakama.
- Ukuxhuma
Ukuncintisana kuyindlela edingekayo ukuthi ivikela izimpande zamagilebhisi kusuka e-hypothermia kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, kwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ohlelweni lwempande, futhi kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokhula.
Kudingekile ukufeza ukufakwa kwe-mulch unyaka wonke. Izinto ezifanelekayo zizoba yi-sawdust, utshani, iphepha le-mulch, i-peat. Lesi sivikelo ungqimba kufanele ufike ku-5 - 10 cm.
- Ukuhweba
Udinga ukumboza izifundo phakathi no-Okthoba noma kancane kancane, konke kuxhomeke ngesimo sezulu. Njengemishini yale nqubo, ungasebenzisa umhlabathi, amafilimu e-polymeri noma izindlela ezingalungile.
Uma uvikela imivini nomhlaba, khona-ke ngaphambi kwalokho kufanele uchithe ngamanzi amaningi onke amahlathi ukuze amanzi agxile ngokwanele.
Imivini yesitshalo ngasinye idinga ukuboshwa futhi ibekwe ematheni angaphambi kokulala (ama-slate, ama-polyethylene) ukuze kugweme ukubola. Ngokulandelayo, imivini ihlanganiswa nesendlalelo se-15 kuya ku-20 cm. Ekugcineni, kuyadingeka enye ukuchelela.
Enye indlela yokukhosela amagilebhisi ikhava ye-polyethylene. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umvini kufanele ulungiswe phansi, futhi ngaphezu kwamagatsha okudingekayo ukufaka ama-arcs ensimbi lapho i-polyethylene isolulwe khona. Ifilimu ihlelwe ezinhlangothini zomhlabathi noma amanye amadivaysi.
Njengoba "i-Viking" iyinhlobonhlobo enhlobonhlobo ye-frost-resistant, ingqimba yesibili ye-polyethylene ayidingekile emvinini walesi sivini.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amahlumela angathinti ingubo, kungenjalo ama-frost bells ayokwakhiwa.
Imikhawulo yefilimu kufanele ishiywe evulekile ukuze kufinyeleleke emoyeni, kodwa izobe isadingeka ivaliwe lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-8-10 ° C.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomvini oviniwe.
- Ukudubula
Sika imivini ukuwa, okuyokwenza ukuthi ithuba likubheke kangcono.
Uma ukhiqiza insimu encane ngonyaka wokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuba unqume umvini ovuthiwe, bese unciphisa amahlumela abasha, ushiye ngesikhathi esifanayo kusuka emiqulwini emibili ukuya emihlanu.
Kubalulekile susa amahlumela engeziwe, ukuze imikhonto engu-3 kuya kwangu-8 ihlale (amahlumela athelayo ekhula engxenyeni emhlabathini).
Uma ukhiqiza izihlahla ze-Viking "ezikhulile", udinga ukushiya amahlumela amade, kungenjalo isihlahla sizoba sikhulu futhi izithelo ziyoba ezincane. Ukusika okunjalo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula. Kubalulekile ukusika ama-buddha angu-12 kuya kwezingu-20, kuye ngokuthi ubude bomvini nobani behlathi.
- Umanyolo
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Viking", njenganoma yiliphi elinye amagilebhisi, lidinga ukondla ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kutholakale i-fruiting engcono.
Kubalulekile ukutshala amahlathi 2 - 3 ngesikhathi sokukhula ngekhefu lamasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-4. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela ukuhamba okungcono kwama-fertilizer phansi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala udinga ukwenza inani elincani le-nitrogen kanye nama-fertilizer (1.5 - 2 wezipuni we-ammonium nitrate ngamalitha ayi-10 esisombululo somquba). Lokhu kudliwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela okwesine, ukufaka umanyolo nge-zinc usawoti, i-potassium sulfate noma i-superphosphate kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale impova engcono. Inqubo elandelayo yokufaka umquba kufanele ihambisane nokunisela kwesithupha futhi ifaka ukufakwa kwe-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate.
Ama-engokwemvelo kufanele asetshenziswe kanye kuphela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili, u-15 kg ngesikhukhula ngasinye, ekhulelwe umanyolo emigodini eyi-50 cm ejulile eboshwe ngasemaphethelweni esihlahla.
- Ukuvikelwa
I-Viking ingonakaliswa kabi yi-mildew ne-oidium, ngakho-ke udinga ukuvikela amahlumela emiphumeleni yalezi zifo ze-fungal.
Ubufakazi bokuthi amagilebhisi abonakele yisifo amabala aphuzi oketshezi emaqabunga.
I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-fungus. Ukuze uthole ukwelapha kanye ne-prophylaxis, kubalulekile ukucubungula amagilebhisi izikhathi ezintathu: owokuqala - lapho amahlumela amancane ekhulile kuya ku-15 - 20 cm, okwesibili - ngaphambi kokusila, okwesithathu - emva kokuqhakaza.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-fungicides njenge-anthracol, i-strobe noma i-Ridomil igolide. Izimpawu ze-oidium ukubonakala komhlabathi ompunga emaqabunga. Izindlela zokulwa nazo zifana nokwelapha isikhutha.
