Kunzima ukutshala amagilebhisi ekhaya, njengoba lesi sitshalo asisoze siphikiswa izifo ezihlukahlukene, izinambuzane kanye namaqhwa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi labavinini bewayini bafuna ukuthatha imifino yamagilebhisi hhayi nje ngokunambitheka okukhulu nezitshalo eziningi, kodwa futhi nokuzinza okuhle.
Uma uphinde ufune amagilebhisi anjalo isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukunakekelwa kwakho kuzokukhangwa yizinto ezihlukahlukene "Ukuthakazelisa".
Lelivini linamathuba amaningi, yingakho lidumile kakhulu. Kodwa ngeke sijwayelane kuphela nezinzuzo zalesi sivini, kodwa futhi ngencazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokutshala nokuzinakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Okuthinta amagilebhisi "Jabulela": incazelo yezici zayo ezihlukahlukene
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungenye yemiphumela emihle yokuzalisa ososayensi baseRussia. Ukuzitholela, inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yefomu yamagilebhisi yasetshenziselwa: inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zempova "Intshonalanga YaseNyakatho" (njengomhlinzeki we-frost resistance resistance) kanye ne "Dolores" yayixubene nezinye izinhlobo zevini - IsiRussia Early (ngenxa yakhe, lezi zinhlobonhlobo nazo zamukelwa kusenesikhathi imigomo yokuvuna yokuvuthwa).
Ngakho, "Ukuthakazelisa" sekuyitholile ngempela ukuthola izifunda zaseCentral, Ural, zaseSiberia nakwaseMpumalanga-mpumalanga, njengoba kungavali isivuno semagilebhisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyo yonke indawo yaseBelarus namazwe aseBaltic.
Humushela incazelo ku-isiZulu usebenzisa i-Google Translate?
Izibhamu ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi "Ukuthakazelisa" kungenzeka kuhluke kakhulu kokubili ukuma nosayizi. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwamachungechunge lungabonakala luhle kakhulu, futhi alupheli neze. Ngesisindo, zingabuye zibe zombili ezinkulu futhi zinkulu kakhulu: kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2 kilogram. Isakhiwo seqoqo likhulu ngokweqile, amajikijolo awaphefumulwanga ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomunye nomunye.
Indima ebalulekile ekudaleni okuhle ngalokhu kuhlukahluka idlala yizici zeberry. Ngosayizi, zitholakala futhi zikhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bawo buba ngu-2.7 x2.4 amasentimitha. Isisindo sesilinganiso samagilebhisi owodwa "Ukuthakazelisa" ngu-6-7 amagremu. Banomumo ovalwe oval, bahlukaniswa ngesikhumba esimhlophe esine-tan ephathekayo ehlangothini elangeni.
Ukunambitheka kwalezi amajikijolo kuvumelana kakhulu futhi kuyamnandi, okubalulekile okuyiyo inyama yabo enomsindo kanye nesamba esikhulu soshukela ezikulo. Uma ukhuluma ngezinombolo, umthamo wokugcina ushukela walezi zihlukahlukene ungama-19-26%, okuyikhombisi eliphezulu kakhulu yamagilebhisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-acidity i-5-9 g / l kuphela.
Ngokuqondene nesikhumba samajikijolo, kufanele uqaphele ukulinganisa kwawo okulinganayo, okungeke kuthinte ukunambitheka, kodwa kunomphumela omuhle wokufaneleka kwesithelo sokuhamba.
Izimpawu zomkhiqizo wezithelo zomvini "Sijabule": yimiphi imiphumela engayithola nalezi ezihlukahlukene
Ukukhishwa kwezivuno kubalulekile nakakhulu uma ukhetha ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi, noma kunjalo, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngakho ngokuthi "Jabulela". Ngempela, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi njalo. Ngokuyinhloko, isivuno esilinganiselwe ngehektare ngalinye lokutshala kwamagilebhisi "Ukuthakazelisa" kufana nabalinganiselwa ku-120. Ukukhiqiza okungenakwenzeka kwesihlahla esisodwa kungu-65-85%, okulingana nenani lamahlumela athelayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwesilinganiso, ama-1.4-1.7 ama-bunches angakha ngesibhamu esisodwa. Amagilebhisi omvini wezinhlobo ezichazwe angatholakala kokubili ekukhuleni okuphakathi nokuqinile, ngakho-ke umthwalo ophakeme esihlahleni esisodwa kufanele ube ngama-35 kuya ku-45 amehlo.
Imiphumela emihle yokukhiqiza lezi zinhlobonhlobo iyakwazi ukunikeza uma ikhuphuka esitokisini sezinkuni ezingapheli, okungukuthi, lapho kuhlanganiswa ama-cuttings ezimpandeni zemifula endala.
Futhi, indlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo ukulungisa umthwalo wezitshalo lapho zihlungwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ushiya amehlo angu-20-30 kuphela esihlahleni, ungafinyelela ekwakheni amaqoqo amakhulu kakhulu - kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2 kilogram.
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi kungokwokuqala. Izimila zasemahlathini ezichazwe zihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-110-120 kuphela, okuvumela ukuqala ukuvunwa maphakathi no-Agasti. Kodwa, ngenxa yesikwazi sokuvuna isikhathi eside ukugcina ubukeka kahle kakhulu emahlathini, ungafika e-dacha ngisho nasekupheleni kukaSeptemba - isivuno sakho sizohlala ngendlela efanayo futhi sizoba nesinambitheka esifanayo kakhulu phakathi no-Agasti.
Ziyini izinzuzo zomvini "Jabulela"?
• Ukubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ngezigcawu eziningi ezigcwele izihlahla kanye nezikhulu.
• Unomusa omuhle wezithelo ngephunga elimnandi le-nutmeg.
• Ukutshala kungagcinwa ehlathini izinyanga ezingaba ngu-1-1.5, kuyilapho ungalahlekelwa noma yikuphi ukubukeka noma ukunambitheka.
• Ukuvuna kufanelekile ukuthutha emakhilomitha amade, okufaka isikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
• Izinhlobonhlobo zingasakazwa kalula yizicucu, izinga lokukhula kwe-rooting elisezingeni eliyanelisayo.
• Ngenxa yokunisela nokufaka umquba ngokusiza kokubili umanyolo we-organic and mineral, izinga lemikhiqizo lingakhuphuka ngokulinganayo nangokulinganisa.
• Isivini salezi zinhlobonhlobo sinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi - kufika ku -25ºС. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, cishe kungenzeka ukuba ungasibekela ubusika, ngoba isihlahla sikhuthazelela amaqhwa ngokulimala okungenani emapulini.
• Kukhona futhi ukubekezela kwesomiso isihlahla somvini, futhi isivuno asihlupheki.
• Kukhona ukuphikisana okuphezulu kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ezifweni ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye nokubola okungenamkhawulo (nakuba isihlahla singagula masinyane ngaphandle kokuphamba okuvimbelayo).
Ububi bezithelo zomvini "Jabula", ezifihlekile ngemuva kwamazwi amaningi okudumisa
Ukusho ukuthi izinsalela zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi azikwazi ukuba ziningi. Ufanelwe ngempela ilungelo lokuthiwa lihle kakhulu. Kodwa nokho kukhona umphumela, futhi udinga ukwazi ngakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhula ezihlukahlukene zemivini echazwe.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvame ukuthinteka yi-phylloxera. Ukuze uvikele ukuphuma kwakho kule nambuzane kungenzeka kuphela ngendlela eyodwa - ngokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings ethi "Jabulela" kuzinzile futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, amasheya enempilo. "I-Berlandieri" X "I-Riparia Kober 5BB" ibhekwa njengamasheya angcono kakhulu. Phela, cishe akunakwenzeka ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo ne-phylloxera yama-parasite eye yabonakala kakade, ngoba lokhu kuyodingeka ihlwithe yonke i-shrub.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi esakhiweni ngezandla zabo siqu: yini isivini esingenalwazi okudingeka siwazi?
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziguquguquka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma ulandela yonke imithetho edingekayo yokutshala lesi sitshalo endaweni yangasese noma endaweni yasemadolobheni, akudingeki ukuba ukhule.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwamagilebhisi "Zijabulise"
Ngenhla, ukukhuluma ngokungalungile kanye nokufaneleka kwalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi, sesivele sisho, okungcono kunabo bonke, landa ngokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings esitokisini esinezinkuni eziningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu angakugwema ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwezihlukahlukene - ukuphikiswa okuphansi kwe-phylloxera. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalo, le ndlela yokuzalisa amagilebhisi ibhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi elula. Izizathu zilandelayo:
• Ngenxa yesitokisi se-graft ngenani elikhulu lezinkuni kanye nesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kahle, ukusika okuncane akudingi isikhathi sokuzimela ngokuzimela izinto ezibonisiwe. Kwanele ukuba athole izimpande esitokisini, futhi ukusika kuyokhula ngokushesha kakhulu, kudala isihlahla sonke.
• Ukufakelwa kwama-grafting kungenziwa cishe unyaka. Phela, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zale ndlela yokukhiqiza amagilebhisi, njengoba kuhlanganiswa "abamnyama kuya kumnyama", okungukuthi, ukulala ngokusika esikhwameni sokulala; "omnyama kuya eluhlaza" futhi "ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Ngakho, ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukhetho nanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokufika singasebenza.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi avela etsheni
• Abavini bewayini abanolwazi baqaphele ukuthi ihlumela elivuthiwe elivuthiwe elikhulile ngokufaka ama-grafting lifaka ngokushesha ukukhula kunomkhuhlane kusuka ezimpandeni zawo.
Ukutshala okulula kakhulu kwamagilebhisi ngosizo lwezithombo akusizi ngalutho. Phela, ngosizo lwaso, imvini ofuna ukuyikhula ngokuqinisekile iyokhula esizeni sakho. Emva kwakho konke lapho uhlanganiswa kwesinye isitokisi, isihlahla esisha siyohlala sizuze izakhiwo zayo. Isibonelo, isihlahla srednerosly singenziwa sibe nesibindi, uma sibhanjiswa esikhwameni esifanele.
Indlela yokusakazwa kwamagilebhisi "ukuba nezimpande" nayo isebenzisa amagatsha avela esihlahleni somuntu omdala nesihlahla se-fruiting. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ukhethe ukudubula okunempilo nesikhathi eside kanye ne-prikopat eduze kwesiqu sehlathi elikhulu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ihlumela lizoqala izimpande bese liqala ukukhula njengehlathi elihlukile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukumisa ukuxhuma kwakhe kanye nesihlahla esikhulu kanye nokufakelwa njengesitshalo esihlukile nesimelekile.
Imigomo lapho kungcono ukufeza amagilebhisi "Vostorg"
Amagilebhisi angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Esimweni sokuqala, unikeza ithuba elincane lezitshalo ukuba livumelane kahle nendawo entsha yokukhula futhi uzuze amandla ukuze usinde ebusika bokuqala kanye nawo, mhlawumbe enesabekayo, amaqhwa. Kodwa, kulokhu, kuzodingeka umbuke okuningi futhi amanzi kaningi, ngoba inhlabathi yasentwasahlobo ayigcini ngokuswakama njengomhlabathi wekwindla.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala noma ukutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokucophelela, kodwa kungenjalo - ungakwazi ukuyikhohlwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ngendlela efihliwe kahle, kokubili ukukhonjwa okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuvunwa ngezimpande zawo kuzogcinwa ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kwemonakalo, futhi lapho kuqala ukushisa kokuqala, bayokhula ngokushesha.
Cabangela izici zesayithi zokutshala amagilebhisi
Izitshalo ezinomfudumalo nezelanga, okuyizithelo zomvini, ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene "Ukuthakazelisa", kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ezingabonakali izakhiwo noma ezinye izitshalo noma izihlahla. Ngisho nokuqina okuqinile kwehlathi, kunconywa ukuba uqede ingxenye yamaqabunga ayo ukuze amajikijolo athole ilanga elanele futhi avule.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isihlahla sivikeleke kahle emakhazeni futhi singatshalwa ezindaweni lapho umoya obandayo ungahlala khona. Ngakho-ke, indawo ehlangabezana nalezi zinqubo ezilandelayo izoba kuhle ukufika:
• Uhlangothi oluseningizimu noma oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga lendlu yakho, oluzovikela isihlahla emakhazeni abandayo, futhi ngeke luvalile amagilebhisi.
• Ukuphakama okuncane, amagquma lapho umoya ongahlali khona. Ukuphikisana kwazo - I-Yars, izigodi, izimbobo azifani kahle.
Inendima ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwamagilebhisi idlala yizici zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuzala kwayo kanye nomswakama. Uma okokuqala isimo singalungiswa kalula, sondla inhlabathi ngezindaba eziphilayo kanye namanyolo wamaminerali iminyaka eminingana, khona-ke kuyoba nzima kakhulu ngomswakama. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi amanzi amanzi asetshenziswa njalo ngesonto ngokuzimela, asebenzise amandla amaningi namanzi kuwo.
Futhi ngokweqile kwesikhukhula somswakama, futhi ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwaso lwempande, lungase luqale ukubola, lungakwazi ukushaya phylloxera, isithelo singaphahla futhi sibuyele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amagilebhisi akakaze atshalwe emhlabathini owomileyo. Inketho ekahle inhlabathi emnyama noma ukukhanya okulula. Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "I-Vostorg" ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2.5.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ukuze umvini wabo ungathandani futhi kungabikho mthunzi / ukuphantana. Ngezinhlobo zemagilebhisi namandla okukhula okuphakathi, kungcono ukwenza ibanga lamamitha angu-4, kodwa ukukhula okuqinile - cishe 6. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sizoba isikhala esiningi sokweqa.
Abanikazi bewayini abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngendlela evuliwe.
Ngenxa yendlela yokwenza i-arched, iyoba nesikhala esanele sokweqa, futhi kuyokwazi ukudala i-arch ehlotshiswe kahle ensimini yakho noma nje egcekeni. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ufuna ukutshala amagilebhisi eduze kwendlu, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi izimpande zalesi sitshalo zingaphazamisa isisekelo saso. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhambe kuyo okungenani amamitha angu-0.7.
Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi "Jabulela" esitokisini: izici nemithetho
Ukuze ugonwe, udinga ukukhetha ama-cuttings amahle ngamehlo ka-2-3. I-cuttings akumele ibe yomile, kufanele ibe ne-green cut. Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nokuvuthwa kwemithi, ukusika akumeli futhi kukwazi ukugcina inani elifanele lokuswakama, kunconywa ukuthi uyigwebe ngokuyeka iparafini ibe yipharafini ecibilikile imizuzwana embalwa.
Ukuze isiqu sibe kangcono ukunamathela kwisitshalo, ingxenye yaso engezansi, eyowela ekuhlukaneni kwesitokisi, inqunywe ezinhlangothini zombili, lapho izocindezelwa khona ngokhuni lwesiqu. Futhi, ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa le ngxenye ephansi okungenani usuku kumele kube semanzini. futhi. Kuvame ukunconywa ukuba uyinciphise ibe yisisombululo nge "Humate", i-root growth growth stimulant.
Ukulungiselela isitoreji kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
• Susa isihlahla somvini esidala.
• Ukufaka ubuso obungu-10-centimeter intshonalanga esele ngemuva kokususa i-shrub.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwamasheya. Ukuhlukaniswa akufanele kube okujulile, ukuze kungalimazi isiphunzi, kufanele kufane nokusika (noma ngaphezulu, uma ububanzi bezintambo buyivumela).
Emva kwalokho, ukusika kuvele kufinyelele ekuhlukaneni futhi kuqiniswe kakhulu kuyo, okuzokwenza ukuba ixazulule ngokuphumelelayo. Indawo yokugoma ihlotshiswe ngokucophelela ngobumba obumanzi. Eduze nezimpande ukumba ukusekelwa ngekusasa esihlahleni. Futhi, i-shtamb kumele ithulwe ngamanzi amaningi futhi ixubane nenhlabathi ewuzungezayo.
Indlela yokunakekela isihlahla samavini "Jabulela"?
• Amagilebhisi adinga umswakama obuningi, okufaka ekukhuleni kwempande nokubunjwa kwezithelo. Nakuba isihlahla sibekezelela isomiso kahle, sidinga ukuphuziswa ngaphambi kokubhakabhaka nangemva kwalokho.
• Ngemuva kokunisela okunye, inhlabathi ezungeze amagilebhisi igcwele uhlaka lwesentimitha esingu 3 cm we-mulch kusukela ku-sawdust emnyama noma emasimini.
• Ebusika, amagilebhisi amancane futhi atshalwe kufanele afakwe. Isikebhe esikhulu esingenasisekelo sifakwe ngenhla futhi sigcwele isihlabathi. Kusuka phezulu, usengakwazi ukumboza amagatsha amafir noma ama-moss.
• Ukusika izivini "Ukuthakazelisa" kwenziwa ekwindla, amehlo angu-8-10 wehlumela ngalinye asusiwe.
• Ukuvimbela isihlahla ukuba singaguli futhi singabanjwa yizilokazane ezihlukahlukene, ukupomfa njalo okuvimbela ukuvimbela kufanele kwenziwe. Zivame ukuqhutshwa ngaphambi kokuba ziqhakaze, kuze kufike izithelo. Kusetshenziselwa amalungiselelo akhethekile ngokumelene nomkhuhlane, ukubola okungcolile kanye ne-oidium.
