Isiko lamagilebhisi sesaziwa isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuphulukisa kanye nezinzuzo eziwusizo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umvini wakhe omuhle ehlobo unikeza ilanga elipholile, elihle futhi kusiza ukudala ukuthula nenduduzo eduze kwendlu.
Ukuze sikhule isitshalo esihle nesithelo esihle samagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukucacisa okuhlukahlukene, okuyizindawo ezifanele kakhulu.
Kanye nezifiso zabo ezihlukahlukene (ubusika, ubumnandi, umbala kanye nobukhulu berry, amandla okukhula nezinye izici).
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
I-Galahad yamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene yiluhlobo lwesitshalo samagilebhisi, olutholakala ekuhambeni izinhlobo ezintathu zemagilebhisi: Talisman, Vostorga noVostorga Moskatnogo. Amasiko amafomu omuthi wamagilebhisi ama-hybrid.
Amabhuzu
Iqoqo leGalahad likhulu kakhulu, li-Hrona elincane kakhulu, 600-1100 g ngalinye. Zonke zinomumo wesibindi. Izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-egg (10-12 g) zeGalahad zinemibala enombala ophuzi, ogcwele inyama enomzimba, futhi zimbozwe isikhumba esincane kakhulu. Izakhiwo zokunambitheka zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphakeme kakhulu, njengoba amajikijolo ayo anandi ngokwanele futhi angabi omuncu kakhulu.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobo zevini zeGalahad zihle kakhulu. I-pollinated kahle ngonyaka, okukuvumela ukuthi uqale inombolo enkulu yamajikijolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinambuzane azithandi amajikijolo e-Galahad, futhi ungawalimazi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziletha isivuno esikhulu. Kodwa kukhona isici esisodwa esibalulekile. I-fruiting yokuqala yaseGalahad, nakuba iningi kakhulu, iphoqelelwe ukuba ilulaze umvini omncane. Futhi kakade izivuno ezalandela ziqoqwe ngokugcwele.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa
I-Galahad iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yamagilebhisi enenkathi yokuqala yokuvuthwa. Ivuthisa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi, phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezintathu nesigamu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqedwa kokuqala kokuqhakaza.
Izintandokazi
Lesi siko kubhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zemagilebhisi namuhla. I-Galahad iyinhlangano ekhulayo futhi ekwazi ukugula, kuhlanganise nefungal, ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi. Kuphikisana nezinambuzane. Lezi zihlukahlukene kuningi kakhulu ebusika-obuqinile, futhi kubekezelela ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku--25 degrees. Iqotshwe kahle futhi inezinga eliphakeme lokusinda kwezicucu. Amajikijolo awaqabuki futhi angaboni, okuvumela ukuba uvune ngokugcwele. Izithelo nazo zibekezelela ukuhamba.
Ukungalungi
Amagilebhisi aseGalahad asenasici. Okuwukuphela kwesici esivela kulokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyindlela yokuthela amajikijolo avuthiwe kusuka emagilebhisi.
Izici zokufika
Ilungiselela ukufika
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zamagilebhisi iGalahad kanye nezithombo kanye nokusika. Ngisho nezihlahla zakhe eziluhlaza okweluhlaza okweluhlaza okwenziwe ngoJulayi ngendodana yakhe, uthathe izimpande. Futhi benza lokhu ngokubeka amagatsha avuthiwe emagatsheni agcwele amanzi alula. Ukuze kutholakale izihlahla zemivini, amagatsha amagilebhisi kumele ahlukaniswe minyaka yonke ngama-7-8 buds.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukucacisa kahle indawo yokukhula kwayo. Kumele kube kuhle, futhi eduze kwawo akufanele sikhule izihlahla ezinkulu, njengoba zifihla indawo efunayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isivini asihlezi phakathi kwensimu, futhi ukhethe amakhemikhali afudumele, eningizimu asayithi. Ungahlwanyela isitshalo futhi eduze kwendonga yendlu, ngenkathi usuka kuwo umamitha owodwa nengxenye.
Ngokutshala amagilebhisi, khetha njalo izihlungi ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile. Ubufakazi balokhu ukuwa kwemvelo kwamaqabunga esitshalo ekwindla. Kuvinjelwe ukuvumela ukomiswa kwezimpande zezithombo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu ziboshwe enkhulumeni yobumba. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo siwela umhlaba, futhi esimweni esinjalo sihlala kuze kufike entwasahlobo, lapho singatshala khona endaweni ehleliwe.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo senziwe kahle. Kuze kube sekugcineni, izimpande ziqabuleka ngezingubo ezibukhali, ezibe zifakwa emshini. Uma kukhona amahlumela amabili ehlathini, lowo onamandla kakhulu ushiywe futhi obuthakathaka ususiwe, kanti lowo oqinile unqunywe emiqulwini emibili noma emithathu. Manje imbewu isilungele ukutshala.
Phendela ukuvuna amagilebhisi
Uma utshala isitshalo sevini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulandele ukulungiswa komgodi. Ukutshala ama-recesses kuwo wonke amahlathi nezihlahla kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, uma ukutshala kuklanyelwe entwasahlobo, umgodi ulungiswa ekwindla, kanti ekwindla kugcwele isigamu se-substrate yenhlabathi nomanyolo. Uma ukufika kuhamba kahle ekwindla, ke ukujula kulungiselelwa ehlobo.
Indawo elungiselelwe ekuqaleni, izovimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome yesitshalo ngesikhathi sokuhlala komhlabathi.
Ngokuba izitshalo zamagilebhisi zitshalwe Grooves 40-50 cm, kanti ubukhulu bawo buphelele kufanele bube ngu-80 cm ngevolumu. Kusemgodini walesayizi ukuthi izakhi zingathululelwa ngenani elanele ukukhula kanye ne-fruiting yokuqala yesitshalo. Uma wenza imbobo encane, lesi sitshalo siyokhula kabi futhi sikhule kancane. Ukuma komgodi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumba noma iyiphi ifomu (isikwele, nxazonke), akunandaba.
Ngemuva kwegodi ligobile, lungiselela ukumgcwalisa ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Ingxenye yomgodi igcwele ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi olugumbwe ngaphandle kwe-recess, ukulixuba ngobuningi be-humus, umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate. Futhi uma inhlabathi ingobumba, isihlabathi senezelwa ngobuningi obulinganayo nomhlabathi. Ikhiqizwa ngokungena kahle kwe-oksijeni nomswakama emhlabathini. I-ash ne-humus iyethulwa inani lamabhakede amabili emgodini ngamunye.
Uma isithombo sitshalwe emgodini osanda kutholwa, inhlabathi, engaphansi kwe-rhizome, ihlanganiswe kahle, ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho umhlaba uhlala, izimpande aziphuli. Sifaka isithombo esikhaleni ukuze uhlelo lwempande lube lu-30-40 cm ejulile, bese lufafaza ngamasentimitha angu-10 nomhlabathi owawuhlanganiswe ngaphansi kwezimpande, bese sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlabathi owenziwe ngaphandle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sonke isikhathi sinezela amanzi emgodini bese sicindezela inhlabathi kuwo. Umgodi awulele ngokuphelele - lokhu kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwezimpande. Eduze isithombo, embuthanweni sizoshiya u-5-10 cm emgodini, u-30 cm ububanzi. Uma inhlabathi yokutshala iyisihlabathi, ukutshala kokujula kuyanda futhi kuwu-55-60 cm. Ukujula kuvimbela i-rhizome yesitshalo ekuqhenqeni ibe yubanda.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukunquma izinga lemanzi emhlabathini endaweni ngaphambi kokutshala isivuno samagilebhisi. Akusiluleka ukutshala amagilebhisi phansi, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahamba ngamamitha amahlanu ukusuka phezulu.. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zamagilebhisi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni, ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esifanele komvini, okumele kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Futhi-ke, njengoba ukutholakala kwamanzi okuseduze kufaka isandla ekukhuleni okusheshayo nokuchichima kwezihlumela zesiko, amagatsha awo asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ekushiseni kwamazinga okushisa, amafihlethi ayafa.
Inqubo yokufika
Uma uhlwanyela umvini, khumbula ukuthi lo ngumndeni we-liana, ngakho-ke isitshalo sidinga ukusekelwa, lapho singaboshwa khona kamuva. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala sokufakwa kwezinsizakalo eziningana, phakathi kwalapho intambo izokweluleka khona. Amahlumela esitshalo azoboshwa kuwo, futhi wonke amahlathi azobekwa.
Kukhona namanje izindlela eziningi zokuthakazelisa ezithakazelisayo, besebenzisa okusemandleni ukufeza ukuhluma kokuqala kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesihlahla samavini. Lena indlela yokutshala izitsha. Kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu, nakuba kudla isikhathi esincane, kodwa imiphumela iwufanele.
Ukulandela le ndlela izihlahla kufanele zingatshalwe endaweni evulekile, kodwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi, noma isikhwama esincane seplastiki ngaphandle kwesiphakamiso nesiphezulu. Amandla kufanele abe mkhulu ngokwanele, cishe u-10 amalitha ivolumu. Izimpande akufanele zifinyelele ezindongeni. Kutshalwa yisitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Khona-ke, ukuze kube lula ukuhamba, isitsha sigcinwe ebhokisini eliphansi, okuyinto, kanye nesitshalo, efakwe ekhoneni elifudumele.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, ama-cuttings azoqala ukukhula, futhi ngemva kokuthi amaqabunga axoshiwe, kubalulekile ukushiya lezi zinsusa ezimbili, ususe konke okunye, uphinde uthuthele isitsha kwisiteji sewindi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo ozoyikhetha kufanele ibe yifudumele futhi ibonakale. Ngemuva kokufudumala ngaphandle, ngesikhathi esifanayo isimo sezulu kufanele sesivele sishisa, ibhokisi liqhutshwa ngaphandle.
Okokuqala, ukugwaza kufakwa emthunzini, bese uhamba kancane kancane endaweni elula, kuyilapho upha amanzi njalo. Lapho usongo lweqhwa lasehlobo seluphelile, izithombo zifakelwa endaweni yokukhula njalo.
Abaningi basebenzisa enye indlela elula eqinisekisiwe yokuthutha. Cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zikhawulwa kancane ezintweni zokusika. Khona-ke izithombo zifakwa ku-sawdust (izithombo ezingu-10 kwisitsha esisodwa), ngaphambi kokugcoba, futhi konke lokhu kufakwa endaweni efudumele. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14, izithombo kufanele zikhule.
Phakathi nale nkathi yesikhathi, umhlaba uzobe usufudumele futhi ungatshala enhlabathini eyandulelwe ngaphambili. Le nqubo ikwandisa inkathi ekhulayo yamahlathi emnyakeni wekhalenda, kanti umvini uzovuthwa ekuqaleni, futhi ngonyaka ozayo isiko sizokujabulela amajikijolo okuqala.
Isikhathi
Ukutshala kabusha nokutshala amagilebhisi ukukhiqizwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela atshalwa enhlabathini evulekile phakathi kukaMeyi. Khona-ke, uma kusungulwa isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlaba ekujuleni komgodi, lizoba okungenani ama-degree ayi-10. Emabhokisini amakhadibhodi kanye neziqukathi zezitshalo ezitshalwe ngo-Ephreli. Ekubeni, isitshalo samagilebhisi sitshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, futhi lokhu kuyinyanga kaNovemba.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngamagilebhisi amabhande.
Ukunakekela
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, amagilebhisi adinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa. Kunezinye izici zokunakekela isiko lamagilebhisi. Ukunakekela kuhlanganisa izigaba ezifana nokuchelela, ukuxubha, ukufihla, ukusika izihlahla nokufaka umquba. Zonke lezi zinyathelo ziyadingeka isitshalo, futhi zibalulekile esitshalweni. Ngaphandle kwabo, umvini uzokhula kabi futhi uthele izithelo, futhi kwezinye izimo zingase zife ngisho.
Ukunisela
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwesivini ukuthambisa okulungile nokufika ngesikhathi kwalesi sitshalo. Umswakama oweqile emhlabathini uchitha umoya omoya, futhi izimpande ze-nitrogen ukuntula zingase zifake, kanti lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ukuphuza amagilebhisi, cabangela izigaba zenkathi ekhulayo kanye namasiko. Udinga amagilebhisi lapho amaqabunga eqhakaza, emva kokusila, ngesikhathi sama-ovari nesitshalo sokukhula. Uma kukhona isomiso ngaphandle, amagilebhisi asindisa ngokuchelela ukuchelela ngaphambi kokumboza isikhathi sasebusika.
Isilinganiso samanzi sokuphuza isihlahla siyi-30-40 amalitha, futhi yenziwa ngezikhathi 1 ezinsukwini ezingu-7. Uma isimo sezulu sesishisa, ukuchelela kuyanda kuze kube izikhathi ezimbili. Amagilebhisi anconywa ukuba anisele emigodini ekhethekile, elandelwa ngaphambili.
Ukuxhuma
Ukunciphisa inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa ukuze ugcine umswakama okwanele emhlabathini isikhathi eside. Bamba umhlabathi entwasahlobo. Yenzani utshani obolile, amaqabunga awile, ukhula, ama-husks we-sunflower, umquba. Lezi zingxube zifakwa emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi endaweni engqimba, bese ziphuziswa kahle. Ngakho-ke, i-mulch ihlanganiswe, ixazulula, futhi izogcina umswakama okudingekayo kusitshalo isikhathi eside.
I-mulch iyisivikelo esengeziwe se-rhizome yesitshalo kusuka emazingeni okushisa ebusika. Ngakho-ke, isimo sakhe sihlolwe ekwindla futhi, uma kunesidingo, umsele owengeziwe we-mulching ukhiqizwa.
Ukuhweba
Amagilebhisi angokwesilimo esivela emazingeni afudumeleko afudumeleko. Yena ezwela kakhulu emakhazeni asebusika. Izingxenye zethando kunazo zonke ziyizihlahla ezinamagilebhisi aluhlaza. Sebevele besabela ekushiseni kwe--1, -2 degrees. Amahlumela esitshalo awanandaba, kodwa ingozi yabo iyingozi yokushisa ebusika.
Phakathi nenkathi enjalo, amahlumela alahlekelwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina, futhi ngisho nokudonsa okuncane okushisa kungabhubhisa. Not frost-resistant kanye impande yesitshalo.
Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici, amagilebhisi anikezwe ezitshalweni, okudingekayo, azifihle ebusika. Ikhishwa ngenyanga ka-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kokunciphisa izinga lokushisa. Ngaphambi kokubamba amagilebhisi kugunyiwe. Vala isitshalo nge polyethylene, impahla ekhethekile, noma iqhwa nomhlaba.
Ukudubula
Isivuno sithengwa ukuba senze isihlahla (lokhu sekuyiminyaka yokuqala kokuya emihlanu yokukhula kwensimu encane), ukulawula umthamo wesitshalo, nokuyivimbela ekugxileni nasekugcineni umqhele owenziwe. Ukudubula okukhiqizwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Futhi kungenzeka izingane ezincane zokuqothula kanye nokuxuba ehlobo.
Ukunquma kwe-autumn kuvunyelwe yisitshalo esingenabuhlungu kakhulu, njengoba kuvimbela entwasahlobo "ukukhala" komvini. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, kuyadingeka ukuba ushiye ukudla kusihlwa, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi uzolimala ngesikhathi sasebusika, indawo yokukhosela yokubamba ubusika nokudalulwa ngemva kwalo.
Umanyolo
Umvini uyisitshalo esingapheli esikhula endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, likhetha inhlabathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zonke izakhi eziwusizo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhluma nokukhula.
Ukuze ugweme ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi, kufanelekile ukufaka umquba emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokulandelela njalo ngonyaka.
Izihlahla zondliwa ngamanyolo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Lapho ukondla isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa umanyolo ngendlela efanele, nokuwasebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile zemifino. Inani lamaminerutrient amaminerali adingekayo amagilebhisi kubalwa ngokusayizi wezithelo zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziselwa umhlabathi, okufaka ama-humus kanye ne-compost mass, i-peat kanye ne-drop droppings.
Ngalokhu umanyolo oyinhloko kusuka emanzini amaningi, umquba ubhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukahlukene, noma umquba, olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile kusengaphambili.
Ama-organics anegalelo ekwindla, nase-nitrogen nasezimbonini ze-phosphorus ezondla entwasahlobo. Ukufeza umphumela omkhulu, umanyolo uhlanjululwa ngamanzi futhi usetshenziswe ekujuleni kwe-40-60 cm endaweni ye-rhizome, futhi lokhu kuyindawo engaba ngu-1 m.
Ukuvikelwa
Ukuvikelwa komvini ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Inhloso yalokhu ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezifo esitshalweni. Phela, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kulula ukuvimbela isifo kunokuba siphathe inqubo esivele ivele.
Kusukela ezikhungweni zezihlahla ziphathwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube, futhi isisombululo se-3% se-oxychloride yethusi nayo iphelele. Ngisho nasesikhunjini kanye nezinambuzane ekuwa, umhlabathi oseduze nehlathi uhlanzwa nge nitrafen. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isisombululo salo esingu-3%. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi ixhunyiwe. I-Nitrafen isengasabisa izinkoma nezinye izinduku.
Ukusuka kumagilebhisi ama-oidium kuvikela i-potassium manganic acid, eyongezwa phezulu ekugqoke ama-foliar. Futhi, ivikela lesi sifo kanye ne-mullein (isisombululo sayo), kanye ne-colloidal noma emhlabathini isulfure. Noma yikuphi ukucubungula amahlathi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza noma emva kwalo.
Kusuka kwamagundane nezinye izinduku, lesi sitshalo sizosiza ukuvikela ucezu oluzwayo, uboya obuzwayo noma uboya obuhlanzekile obushushu ngaphambi kwalo, obubekwe ngaphansi kwefilimu yasebusika. Amagundane nawo awajabuli ngephunga lezinhlanzi zenjoloba.
