Bambalwa abantu abajabuli ngehlobo, ilanga, izithelo nemifino esisha.
Phela, kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngamunye wethu watshelwa ukuthi izithelo zezolimo ziwusizo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
Isithelo ngasinye noma imifino iqukethe isethi yayo yamavithamini namaminerali. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale ngokugcwele umzimba ngemva kokubanda ebusika kanye ne-avitaminosis, udinga ukwethula le mikhiqizo ekudleni kwakho.
Phakathi kwalezi mikhiqizo kufanele kube ngamapheya.
Umthombo wezakhi kukhona uMaria nje amapheya.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Izihlahla Lolu hlobo lwepeyari bude bude nobude buka 2.5 - 3 m ngomqhele we-pyramidal. Izithelo esikhulu ngokwanele (isisindo kufika ku-200 g), ube nesikhumba esicwebezelisayo esicwebezelisayo. Umbala wezithelo uhluka kusuka eluhlaza kuya ophuzi. Inyama yesithelo imhlophe, i-juicy, inephunga elimnandi nelinambitha elimnandi.
Kukholelwa ukuthi "uMariya nje" - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamapheya we-dessert, ukwahlulela ukunambitheka. Isamba ushukela esitshalweni sifinyelela ku-80%, okuyinto ephezulu. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe, ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa zingaqoqwa cishe ngo 35-40 kg wezithelo. Ikhasi liqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni 3 - 4 emva kokutshala. Kufanele kuvunywe ngo-Okthoba - Novemba. Kungcono ukususa izithelo ezivela emthini ongakhange uvuthiwe, ukuze zandise impilo yazo.
Izintandokazi
- ukunambitheka okumangalisayo
- ukumelana nezifo kakhulu (isikhumba, umdlavuza we-bacterial, septoria)
- ukungena okusheshayo esikhathini se-fruiting
Ukungalungi
- isilinganiso se-frost ukumelana (singamelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufike ku -29 ° C)
- izivuno ezijwayelekile
Izici zokutshala amapheya
Kutshalwe "uMariya nje" udinga ekwindla esikhathini sokuqala kokuwa kwamaqabunga kuya eqenjini lokuqala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesayithi. Izithombo kufanele zifakwe emanzini amahora angu-5-7 emva kokutshala. Ngokushesha nje lapho umgodi usulungele ukutshala, khona-ke amapheya angomuso angasuswa emanzini. Umgogodla udinga ukuguguleka ngokwanele, u-1 - 1.5 m ubude, 50 - 70 cm ububanzi. Emgodini udinga ukwenza isiqu somhlaba ne-peat (humus). Izithombo kufanele zifakwe emgodini bese ngokusabalalisa zisakaze izimpande eceleni kweso.
Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba ovuthiwe ovuthiwe, kancane kancane. Ungashayela isigxobo eduze nensimu ezosekela esihlahleni esizayo. Kudingekile ukugcwalisa umgodi ukuze intamo yempande ye-seedling ibe yi-2 kuya ku-3 cm ephakeme kunayo yonke inhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukubopha isithombo ku-cola (okumele ifakwe ebangeni elingama-7 kuya kwezingu-10 cm) ngezingcezu zendwangu. Udinga ukuyibopha phezulu.
Ngokushesha emva kokutshala kufanele kuphuziswa ukuthungatha futhi ukukhulula umhlaba ozungezile impande ngemva kokuba umhlabathi uthathe umswakama.
Ukunakekelwa komuthi
1) Ukunisela
Amapheya adinga umswakama, ikakhulu ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla kumele ziphuze hhayi kuphela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, kodwa futhi ngemuva. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe 4 - 5 izikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Umuthi ngamunye udinga amabhakede amabili kwamanzi amabili, kepha ungakwazi ukuthola umthamo wamanzi obalulekile kakhulu. Udinga ukuthatha isandla somhlaba esandleni sakho bese ucindezela. Uma uthola inhlama, udinga amanzi amancane, uma umhlaba uphazamisa - ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokunisela, udinga ukuvula umhlabathi emoyeni izimpande.
2) Ukuxhuma
"UMaria kuphela" udinga ikakhulukazi ukuxubha ngoba umquba ophilayo ukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwesihlahla. Njengombhoshongo ungasebenzisa i-humus, i-sawdust, utshani. Kubalulekile ukufeza le nqubo ngesikhathi. Ukuncintisana kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumele ngokwanele, kungenjalo umphumela uzoba ohlukile. Uma ungabala isikhathi, i-mulch izovimbela ukugeleza kokushisa ezimpandeni.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ze-Ural zamapheya.
3) Ukuhweba
Njengoba "u-Simply Maria" unesilinganiso sokumelana nesithwathwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela izihlahla ebusika. Kunconywa ukumboza amapheya ngezinsimbi zemvelo, njengezindwangu zikotini noma amaphephandaba. Uma kungenjalo kungenzeka, khona-ke ungasebenzisa izinto zokwakha zanamuhla, njenge-agrotextiles, amagatsha e-fir, nabanye. Lezi zinto zithinta umswakama kahle futhi zigcina ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa iqhwa njengenetha.
4) Ukudubula
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ikakhulukazi zidinga izihlahla zokudubula, ukuze amagatsha ase-lateral omuthi akhule. Ukusika isidingo sezinwele ngesikhathi entwasahlobo lapho isihlahla siphumule. Kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha ohlangothini okungekho amaqabunga ezithelo. Kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha ngokuqinile ngokuqinile esiqwini, ukuze kamuva ulandelelwano oluthile lombuthano "uphulukiswe". Uma igatsha linqunywe ngokungalungile, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza inqwaba yendawo ewonakele.
5) Umanyolo
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sezimbali kanye nokuwa ngemva kokuqhakaza. Entwasahlobo, umuthi udinga i-nitrogen, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ufake i-ammonium nitrate, ehlanjululwa 1:50 emanzini. babhekene no-30 g womanyolo. Ukondla kwe-autumn kwenziwa okwenyama.
6) Ukuvikelwa
Kusukela "uMariya nje" ukuphikisana nezifo, kodwa ukutheleleka kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo ezinjengesiko, i-septoriosis nomdlavuza webhaktheriya.
Isizathu se-septoria yisifo esiwufungal. Izinhlamvu ze-fungus zigcinwa emaqabunga awile. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumaqabunga. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezokwelapha. Isikhathi sokuqala izihlahla zidinga ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-nitrophene (300 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga.
Isikhathi sesibili izihlahla zifakwe ngokushesha emva kokuqedwa kwezimbali ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Amapheya okwesithathu kufanele asetshenzwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20 ngemuva kokucubungula nge-Bordeaux ingxube efanayo.
Scab isifo sofungal, spores overwinter ezinso. Isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwesifo ukubonakala kwamabala aluhlaza emaqabeni nasezithelo. Izindlela zokubhekana nesibalo zifana nezindlela zokubhekana ne-septoria.
Umdlavuza webhaktheriya uyisifo sefungal. Amabhakede, amaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo zithintekile. Amagxolo ezihlahla ezithintekayo nezihlahla ezimnyama, amaqabunga ama-brown avela emaqabunga, kanti isithelo siba mnyama. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukuvimbela umonakalo emagqabeni omuthi.
