Izifo eziyingozi zika utamatisi ezikhulayo ku-greenhouse: incazelo, ukwelashwa kwezifo nezithombe zabo

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi utamatisi okhulayo endaweni yokushisa yindaba elula. Zivikelekile kahle ezimweni ezimbi zezulu kanye nokomiswa kwenhlabathi.

Kodwa lapha futhi, bangase babe ngaphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukuchelelwa okuphazamisayo, izinga lokushisa likhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezilokazane nezinambuzane.

Funda kabanzi ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga umlimi angalindela lapho ekhula utamatisi ngaphakathi. Yiziphi izindlela zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.

Ingozi

Izifo zika utamatisi nezici zazo zingahlukahluka, into eyinhloko ukuqaphela izimpawu ezisemqoka ngesikhathi futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokulwa nazo. Uma uyivumela, iyoholela ku-:

• ukunciphisa isivuno;
• ukulimaza isithelo;
• ukufa kwamatamatisi.

Izilonda zefungal, izithombe nezindlela zokwelapha utamatisi obamba ukushisa

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa isikhunta. Izinhlamvu zazo ziqala ukuvuka emswakama ophezulu, ngoba akulula ukugwema ukungena emanzini abamba ukushisa.

I-Anthracnose

Utamatisi uba buthakathaka, uchithe wonke amaqabunga. Utamatisi ovuthiwe avela izindawo ezincane ezicindezelekile ezicindezelekile, ziphenduke zibe izindandatho ezimnyama. Utamatisi uqhumekile, ukugonywa okufakiwe kubangela ukubola. Izithelo ezihlaza kanye nenhlabathi zitholelekile.

Ukuze uvimbele lokhu kungenzeki:

• isikhathi sokubhubhisa ukhula;
• lawula inhlabathi nomoya;
• ukuhlanza izixazululo ezikhethekile.

Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana

Emahlathini asekupheleni, amaqabunga aphansi aqala ukuphuzi, asomile futhi afe. Khona-ke i-fungus iyathinta isithelo. Bajika abamnyama, bahlanganiswe nezindawo ezincane, banda kancane kancane. Ungakwazi ukulwa ne-garlic tincture, ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-10% sosawoti ovamile noma i-1% ye-Bordeaux liquid.

I-Fusarium

I-fungus eqala lapho isifo sibangelwa yi:

• ukukhanya okubi;
• umswakama ophansi womhlabathi;
• izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Izimpawu ze-Fusarium yi:

1. amaqabunga aphuzi;
2. ukususa ama-cuttings namahlumela;
3. ukukhula kancane kwezitshalo.

Ezimpawu zokuqala, isitshalo esibulalayo kufanele sisuswe kanye ne-clod yenhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa:

• "Fitosporin-M".
• "Phytocide".
• "Trichodermin".

Umsuka wokubola

Imbangela yezimpande ukubola yi-fungus ehlasela isithelo. Indawo encane ebomvu ivela esisekelweni sayo, isitshalo siqala ukubola, kanti utamatisi obuluhlaza usawa.

Kuyadingeka ukuba usilungiselele imithi ngomhlabathi ngesisombululo se-sulphate yethusi. Ukuze ususe isendlalelo sayo esiphezulu bese ungeza okusha. Ukucubungula kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elithi "Barrier" ne "Barrier".

Awukwazi ukondliwa ngomquba omusha.

Alternaria

Kubizwa nangokuthi ukubonakala okumile. Lesi sifo siqala ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile nokuphuza umoya. Okokuqala, kubonakala kuvela kumabala angu-7 mm kuya ku-15 mm emaqabungeni aphansi, bese ephakathi. Phezulu kwamabala kwakhiwa ukuqhakaza okumpunga. Umswakama ophezulu uholela ekudleni kwabo. Amaqabunga aqala ukuwa. On utamatisi zakhiwe ngeqhwa elimnyama eduze nesitshalo, izindawo ezizungezayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ama-fungicide, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo.

Cladosporiosis

E-cladosporia (i-brown olive blotch), amaqabunga aphansi aqala ukuphazamiseka, futhi amabala okujikeleza aphuzi akhiwa ngaseceleni kwawo. I-surface engezansi ihlanganiswe ngengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga kancane kancane aphelile futhi asomile.

Uma kungelashwa, lesi sifo sithinta izithelo eziba mnyama ngombala, ziba buthaka, bese zoma.

Isizathu sise:

• ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu;
• ukuthula kwamanzi;
• ukushisa okubukhali okuhlukile.

Kumelwe silwe nosizo lwezidakamizwa ezinjengokuthi:

1. "Umzila".
2. "Umzila".
3. I-Bordeaux ingxube.

Ukwehliswa kancane kwezithombo

Isizathu sokwanda kancane kwezitshalo kungaba ukutheleleka kwenhlabathi nge-sclerotinia. Kulesi simo, kunamabala amhlophe emaqabunga, isitshalo siba buthakathaka, izithombo zichazwe futhi azivezi. Kudingeka ukushintsha noma ukuhlanza inhlabathi.

I-Didimella ingayichitha kancane kancane isitshalo, lapho amabala amnyama namakhashazi abonakala khona esihlahleni. Izikhunta zitholakala emaqabungeni noma amagciwane. I-Didimella kumele ilawulwe ngokupuniza i-Bordeaux ingxube.

Ngesikhathi esifushane, ukubola okungcolile kungabhubhisa izithombo zamatamatisi, futhi ukutheleleka yiyo kwenzeka ngezwe eligulayo.

Zonke izihlahla zitholakala ekubhujisweni.

Kudingeka ukulungisa umswakama nokushisa, bese ufafaza i-agent ye-fungicidal.

Idonsa likaMealy

Umswakama oshayo ubangela isikhutha se-powdery. Emaqabunga adala ufulawa omhlophe we-patina. Ziba yizinyosi, zipholile, zomile futhi ziwa. Ukuntula ukwelashwa kuholela ekufeni kwehlathi. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokucubungula inhlabathi. Sebenzisa amakhemikhali ukulwa.

Incazelo ye-virus infections nezithombe

Utamatisi, uma utshalwe imbewu enegciwane, ungagula ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Njengoba kungekho zindlela eziphumelelayo zomzabalazo, udinga ukubamba isixazululo se-1% se-manganese ngaphambi kokutshala. Udinga futhi ukukhipha imishanguzo enhlabathini - 2-3% yesisombululo esifanayo.

I-Aspermia

I-shrub enesifo sokushukela ayihambisani kahle. Ngokubukeka kubonakala njengephepha elivuthiwe. Umbala wakhe uhlelwe ngokungahleliwe. Zimbalwa izithelo, zincane.

I-Necrosis

I-Necrosis iholela ku:

• ukungabi nokukhanya;
• ukuchelela okuningi;
• ngokweqile nitrogen Umanyolo.

Izibonakaliso zokuqala ukubonakala kwemifantu encane yombala omnyama obumnyama engxenyeni engezansi ye-stem, kamuva, ukuhluma kwezimpande zomoya kuvela kuzo. Khona-ke amaqabunga abuna, isitshalo siwa futhi sifa. Izithelo ezitholakalayo azivuthwe.

Umthombo wokutheleleka kukhona inhlabathi yesifo kanye nembewu. Ama-shrub adinga ukubhujiswa, futhi umhlaba uphathwa ngesisombululo se-0.2% se-Fitolavin-300.

UMose

Ingozi yalesi sifo ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela kuyadingeka. Isizathu siwukusebenzisa imbewu enesifo kanye nokutshala izithombo enhlabathini ekhulelwe. Isibonakaliso somsakazo umbala odwetshiwe ngendlela yobumnyama obumnyama obukhanyayo.

Uma nje zivela, isihlahla kufanele siqothulwe futhi silahlekelwe, futhi le ndawo kufanele ilashwe ngesisombululo esikhethekile.

Amabhaktheriya

Ngokuvamile, izifo zamatamatayi ku-greenhouse zivuswa amabhaktheriya. Isiko sithinteka ukutheleleka ngesikhathi esifushane. Ayikho indlela yokusindisa isivuno.

Indawo emnyama

I-bacterial spot spot ithinta zonke izingxenye ezingenhla. Ukuvela kwezitamatisi eziyingozi. Uma inhlabathi isulelekile, zonke izithombo zingafa. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zingama-3 mm amachashazi amnyama ngamaphethelo amanzi. Banda kancane kancane, baqala ukucindezelwa ngaphakathi, futhi emaphethelweni aqhekekile. Utamatisi ngaphansi kwalezi zinhla zibola.

Ukuze ugweme izifo ze-bacteria, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa enye into; utamatisi ungatshala endaweni efanayo eminyakeni engu-2-3.

I-Cancer

Izibonakaliso zokuqala zibonakala ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesithelo, isitshalo sibuna, amaqabunga nezithelo ziboshwe ngamachashazi. Ithinta isimiso se-vascular of the plant, esiba mnyama. Izimbangela zembewu yesifo somdlavuza namagciwane.

Ukulwa ukukhipha amagciwane ngemithi. Ukushisa okushisa kufanele kube yi-degrees ama-25, kanti umswakama awukho ngaphezu kwama-60%.

Izinambuzane

Ukulimaza utamatisi kubangela:

• Medvedka. Inombala ompunga. Lezi zinambuzane ezingu-50 cm zenze ukumba amaphawu kanye ne-elytra emfushane. Umba izidleke ezijulile lapho ebeka khona amaqanda angaba ngu-300. Lahla usizo tincture of 150 amagremu of pepper ashisayo kanye 10 ml amanzi, wathululela in mink.
• I-wireworm. Lawa amacimbi aphuzi anama-20 mm ubude, obangela impande, engene ngaphakathi kwesiqu. Kudingeka ziqoqwe ngesandla bese zifuthwa ngokulungiselela okukhethekile.
• I-Scoop. Ama-moths abizwa kanjalo. Izibungu zazo ezimpunga ezimnyama nezomhlaba zidla amaqabunga neziqu. Ungabalwa nabo ngokukhipha amaqabunga noma i-burdock.
• I-Whitefly. I-whitefly ephuzi ihlanganisa ngokuphelele amaqabunga, lapho kubonakala khona i-patina emnyama. Bomile bese isitshalo sifa. Kubalulekile ukulwa nezimpungushe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, geza amaqabunga ngamanzi asozini. Akusizi okubi kusiza ukumnika ama-dandelions.

Ukugcina ukuvuna utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kwezifo ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi kungcono ukungakhohlwa ukuhlanganyela ekuvimbeleni. Kulula kakhulu ukulwa lapho isikhunta, amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane aqale ukuthuthukisa.