Iphayinaphu ingeyomndeni wakwaBromeliad, okuwukuphela kwezithelo ezidliwayo. Imvelaphi yaseParaguay, eColombia, eBrazil. Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-8 ezikhula emvelweni futhi zikhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Amaphayinaphu alethwa eHolland ngekhulu le-16, khona-ke izithelo ezixakile zasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili kwavela iRussia. I-pulp ye-fetus iqukethe wonke amavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo kubantu.
Incazelo yepayinaphu
Iphayinaphu - zisetshenziswa, ngesikhathi sokukhula sakha amaqabunga amnyama anamanzi aqoqwe yi-rosette. Amaqabunga awo angama-suppulents, ayakwazi ukuqongelela umswakama ezicutshini. Kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-100 cm ubude.Isiqu esikhulu esiminyene, sikhula kusuka kuhlu lwe-basal. I-peduncle yakhiwa endaweni ephezulu kakhulu, kuze kube yi-50 cm ubude. Izimbali zifana ne-spike; lapho sesivuthiwe, kuvela irosette emabhulokini phezulu. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo esidala esineminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-5 kg, ezinoshukela, omnandi futhi omuncu, zibukeka njengesigaxa esikhulu segolide esine-coniferous nesixha samahlamvu amafushane phezulu. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubuthakathaka, lujule ngo-30 cm.
Izici nezinhlobo zikaphayinaphu okuzenzela
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha, nobubanzi bamamitha amabili. Igumbi likhula lifinyelela kuma-70 cm kuphela. Izinhlobo eziguquliwe:
| Buka | Izici |
| I-Bract | Amacembe amade ubude, agobile, aluhlaza okotshani, ebusweni bemivimbo yabo emhlophe, ephuzi. Lapho ziphela ilanga, ziphenduka zibe bomvana, zibomvu. Ukubukeka kombala onthathu kuyathandwa kwezimbali zasendlini zasendlini. |
| Kubuswa okukhulu | Amacembe aqondile akhula aze afike kumamitha, ahlelwe ngokuvunguza, akha i-inflorescence enjenge-spike. Umbala wezimbali uphuzi, upinki, ubomvu. |
| I-Dwarf | Uhlaza omnyama, amaqabunga amancanyana, afakwe emaphethelweni, akhombe ekugcineni kuze kube ngu-30 cm. |
| Shiny (mnyama) | Imide ishiya imnyama emaphethelweni ngombala obomvu, onsundu, okhanyayo oluhlaza ophakathi nendawo. |
| Champaka | Ubukhali, i-serrate ishiya nama-inflorescence atholakalayo wombala wepinki. |
| Ukuhlobisa | Umuhle ngokubukeka ngamabhulokhi aqhakazile namaqabunga ahlanganisiwe ama-red hues. |
| Kaena | Kufika ku-30 cm ukuphakama, phezu kwesiqu esifushane, izithelo ezidliwayo kuze kufike ku-5 kg ngesimo sesilinda. Amaqabunga awekhohlakali, ngaphandle kwameva. |
| ISagenaria | Amacembe angamamitha amabili, izithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. |
| MD-2 | I-Hybrid, enezithelo ezimnandi ezihlwabusayo, emelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Kusatshalaliswa emashalofini ngenxa yesitoreji eside. |
| I-Mauritius | Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. |
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela izinto zokutshala
Indlela elula yokutshala uphayinaphu ekhaya isuka kumqhele noma irosette lamaqabunga. Ukutshala isitshalo, sebenzisa izithelo ezivuthiwe, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezifo nezinambuzane. Amacembe kufanele abe luhlaza ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphuzi nezinsundu, isikhumba sibe nsundu golide, kube nzima ukusithinta.
Akunconywa ukuthatha izithelo ezithengiwe ebusika, mhlawumbe ehlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa.
Ukulungiswa kokufika kokufika ngezinyathelo eziphezulu ngesinyathelo:
- Sika ngobumnene ngommese obukhali, ngaphandle kokuthinta umgogodla noma ukusonta ngokushelelayo eduze ne-eksisi.
- Bahlanza uginindela osele ngommese.
- Kususwa amaqabunga aphansi.
- Ukusikwa kuphathwa ngamalahle.
- Ingxenye esikiwe ibekwa ngokuqondile ukuze yomiswe amasonto amabili.
- Kamuva, zibekwa esitsheni esinamanzi noma ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe.
- Izitsha ezinamanzi kufanele zibe mnyama, zibeke i-3-4 cm ephezulu, hhayi ngokuphelele.
- Ngemuva kokwakha izimpande, faka ithawula lephepha ukuze lome.
Ngemuva kwezenzo ezithathiwe, batshalwe enhlabathini evulekile nenempilo.
Ukutshala uphayinaphu
Ukutshala isitshalo, kubekwa imbiza enobubanzi obungu-14 cm, ungqimba lwamanzi lubekwe phansi. Zuza inhlabathi yezitshalo zesundu. Kwesinye isikhathi bayazipheka ngokwabo: isihlabathi, i-humus, umhlaba ohlukanisiwe wephepha. Umhlaba wangaphambi kokubanjiswa noma ophathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Otshalwe emhlabathini omanzi, shiya u-2 cm onqenqemeni lwesiqukathi .. Mboza ngefilimu.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuvela ukubamba kwezimpawu. Kulokhu umhlaba ufafazwa kuphela. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga amancane kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sesinezimpande. Endala, yomile iyasuswa. Umthamo ubekwe endaweni ekhanyayo. Kuyaniselwa ukuze amanzi asemseleni aqhamuke emaqabungeni. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, ngilinde ukuqhakaza.
Ukunakekelwa Kwephayinaphu Ekhaya
Indoor yokuzalanisa uphayinaphu yakha ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
| Amapharamitha | Intwasahlobo / ihlobo | Ubusika / ukuwa |
| Ukushisa | + 22 ... +25 ° С. | + 18 ... +20 ° С. |
| Isibani | Kukhanya, emafasiteleni aseningizimu mpumalanga. | Isikhathi sasemini amahora afinyelela kuma-10, ukukhanya okwengeziwe. |
| Ukunisela | Okuningi, ngemuva kokucima inhlabathi, amanzi afudumele +30 ° C. | Isilinganiso kanye ngesonto. |
| Ukufafaza | Ukugeza okuvamile, okufudumele. | Akudingeki. |
| Umanyolo | Kanye emva kwamasonto amabili nengxube ye-organic noma ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein. | Akudingeki. |
Ukuthena uphayinaphu akudingeki; amaqabunga amadala, omisiwe asuswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikali abukhali ngaphandle kokuthinta izicubu ezinempilo. Isitshalo esincane siyatshalwa unyaka nonyaka, bese umuntu omdala - uma umthamo usuvele mncane nezimpande zivele ngaphandle. Kwenze ngendlela yokudlula.
Ungashukumisa kanjani ukuqhakaza
Uma ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana isitshalo asiqhakaza - inqubo ishesha ngokusebenzisa i-calcium carbide, ekhipha i-ethylene. Kufakwa isipuni sosuku esitsheni esivaliwe seglasi, bese sihlungwa. Ukuphuma kwamaqabunga kuthululelwa nesixazululo esiphumela sama-50 g ngeviki. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, kuvame ukuvela. Uma isitshalo singakaze siqhakaze, asifikanga isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ezinye izindlela - faka isikhwama sama-apula esitsheni enophayinaphu noma ubheme kanye ngeviki: iphepha elinukayo, usikilidi osikilidi ushiywa duzane, nesitshalo simboziwe. Kunezinqubo ezine ngenyanga.
Ukusakazeka kaphayini wasendlini
Ngemuva kokutshala izithelo, isitshalo siyafa, lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni embalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinqubo ezilandelanayo zakhiwa, zihlala ngokwahlukana. Ziqhakaza ngaphambi kwephezulu. Sika noma unqamule amahlumela endaweni yokuphuma kamama lapho ekhula aze abe ngama-20 cm. Fafaza izindawo zokusika ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ngemuva kokumiswa, kutshalwe.
Ngomhlabathi, kuthunyelwe inguqulo egqinsiwe: umhlabathi we-turf, umhlabathi wamaqabunga, isihlabathi somfula. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi + 24 ° С. Ngemuva kokutshala, zimbozwa ukuze ifilimu ingathinti amaqabunga (ngoba afaka izixhaso).
Ukuhlwayela akuyona indlela elula yokuzala. Okokuqala, akhishwa epulpini elivuthiwe. Imbewu ye-semicircular enobude obungu-3-4 cm, ibubende noma ibomvu, ilungele ukuhluma. Wageza nge manganese, womile. Ngosuku abalubeka esicopheni esimanzi, amboze owesibili, afake ukushisa ukuhluma. Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini kusuka enhlabathini eshidi, i-peat nesihlabathi ethathwe ngokulingana ngo-1.5 cm.Mboza ngefilimu. Ukukhanya kuhlinzekwa ngokukhanyayo, umoya ufudumele futhi unomswakama, ukuthambisa kuvamile. Khipha umoya ngokuhlelekile. Imbewu iqhuma isikhathi eside, kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyi-6. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela nokwakheka kweqabunga lesithathu, hlunga ngamaconsi ezinyoni (isipuni ngelitha lamanzi). Dive lapho ufinyelela ku-6 cm wokukhula.
Izifo, izilokazane, izinkinga ekunakekelweni kukaphayini wasendlini
Izinambuzane cishe azihlaseli isitshalo ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokunakekelwa:
| Inkinga | Isizathu | Ukuqothula |
| Ukukhula kancane. | Umoya obandayo egumbini. | Hlela kabusha endaweni efudumele, eniselwe ngamanzi afudumele. |
| Uhlelo lwezimpande. | Umswakama ophezulu nokubanda. | Yehlisa ukuthambisa, phatha inhlabathi ngesixazululo se-kalbofos. |
| Amathiphu amaqabunga omile. | Umswakama ophansi. | Kufafazwe kaningi, faka ama-moisturizer. |
| Bumba ezindongeni zebhodwe nasemhlabathini. | Ukuchelela okuningi ebusika. | Susa isikhunta, unciphise ukuthambisa. |
| Izindawo ezikhanyayo emaqabungeni. | Isinambuzane siyisihlangu esingamanga. | Iphathwe nekhambi le-potanganum permanganate. |
| Ukukhishwa okumhlophe emaqabunga, ukukhula kancane. | I-Mealybug. | Futha ngesisombululo se-soapy. |
| Kuphuzi, amacembe awayo. | Ama-aphid. | Kucutshungulwe yi-Actellic. |
| I-Spider web kumaqabunga. | Isikhala sesicabucabu. | Faka ama-insecticides. |
