Nakuba ekuqaleni, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi ibonakala ilula, kodwa uma ubuza ngokungathi sína mayelana nezici zayo - ikhanda lingaba khona.
Okokuqala - ngezinhlobo zemithi yokugoma, ke - ezinyathelweni eziningi okumelwe zenziwe ngaphambi kokungena kwe-inoculation.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ihlomile ngombono, bese konke kuzohamba njengama-clockwork. Kuqondene nezici zokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi futhi kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
Sizozama ukukutshela ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngokuhlelekile mayelana nazo zonke izigaba ze-autumn inoculation yamagilebhisi ukuze sikusize ukhule isitshalo esimnandi nesivunayo eduze kwekhaya lakho.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amagilebhisi phakathi kwabalimi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabalingisi. Zonke zazo ziphumelela ngempikiswano, kodwa kusadingeka ukuzikhetha ngokuhambisana nenkathi ethile.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi okuvuthiwe kuvame ukuba ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zemigomo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo: ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi, isisindo kanye ne-butt, ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi angaphansi komhlaba emgodini owodwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwesitshalo somvini omdala ngonyaka wokufakelwa kabusha noma ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezimpande, ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa okulula.
- Ukugoma kwehlobo. Ehlobo, imishanguzo evame kakhulu ihlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, amahlumela anezimboni angahlanganiswa kuhlumela lamagilebhisi, osevele akwazi ukuqhakaza. I-petioles yamagilebhisi ivame ukuxhunyelelwa emafetheni e-otbodkovye. Uhlobo oludumile lwe-grafting ehlobo, lapho i-stalk eluhlaza noma i-saddle emuva ihlanganiswa emvinini ovuthiwe.
- Ukugonywa kwekwindla kuvame ukuqhutshwa esihlahleni semagilebhisi. Ngokuvamile, i-shrub endala itshalwe ngale ndlela, eye yayeka ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezinkulu, noma lapho umlimi engafanelanga umlimi wensimu. Ukusebenzisa isihlahla esivele simisiwe kanye nesistimu yaso emihle esikhundleni sezithelo zomvini zakudala kungakhula kalula ukuhlukahluka okuthakazelisayo okusha.
Kuyafaneleka ukulalela omunye ukuhlukaniswa kwamagilebhisi okuhlanganiswaokufakiwe kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla:
- Ukuxhunyelelwa ngobuningi obumnyama kumuntu omnyama. Lolu hlobo lokugoma luvame ukusetshenziselwa entwasahlobo. Esikhathini sakhe ukuya ekuphunyeleni kwamagilebhisi wonyaka odlule, noma isiqu, esisitokisini, futhi sihlanganisiwe kabusha ukuhlanganiswa okuvuthiwe kakade konyaka odlule - isihlangu esinokuhluma noma ukusika.
- Ukuxhunyelelwa "ukuxuba" okumnyama "esikhwameni" esiluhlaza. Ukufakelwa okunjalo kungenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo, emva kokuqhakaza kwamahlumela amagilebhisi, futhi ehlobo. Incazelo yalo ihlelwe ukuthi i-petiole "emnyama" yonyaka odlule ihlanganiswa phezu kwesibhamu "esiluhlaza" esivele sakhula noma isihlahla somvini.
- Ukuxhunyelela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kulokhu, ukugoma kwenzeka ehlobo noma ekwindla. I-graft evele ihluma ihlanganiswa kuhlaza okufanayo, okwamanje okwamanje okwamanje akuzange kube nesikhathi sokuqhubeka isikhathi se-dormancy ebusika, isitoko.
Sizokutshela ngefomu ekwindla ye-graft graft, lapho isiqu sezinto ezihlukahlukene sihlanganiswa ku-shtambu kwesinye.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezici zokutshala amagilebhisi amantombazane.
Sihlukanisa isihlahla samagilebhisi se-shtambum ukuze senze uhlaka
Ngoba iphuzu lonke le-scion enjalo yilokho i-spike itshalwe ku-shtamb yokuhlukanisakubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu "ukwehlukana" ngokufanele futhi ngokucophelela. Phela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalimazi isihlahla, ngoba kuzoxhomeka kulokhu kuphumelela kokukhula kwamagilebhisi ahlanganisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlukaniswa, kubalulekile ukuthatha amathuluzi adingekayo. Ngokuyinhloko, uzodinga i-ax encane, isisel noma i-screwdriver (kuzodingeka ukuthi ifakwe phakathi kwezingcezu ezihlukanisiwe ze-stem ukuze zingaguquki emuva), kanye nesando.
Isihlahla somvini ngokuvamile sinomumo we-oval. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukanisa wakhe ilandela ngokushesha phakathi, njengokungathi ububanzi obukhulu. Qaphela ngokucophelela isigqoko sethu phakathi kwesiqu futhi ngokuthula, ukuyiqhube kancane nge-ax.
Umsebenti wakho ukumane uhlukanise isiqu sesihlahla, kodwa kungenjalo Asikho isidingo sokwenza lokhu kuhlukaniswa kakhulu. Kuzokwanela uma isisel noma isikrini esibucayi siqinile kakhulu emgodini. Sishiya i-shtam kuleli fomu bese siqhubekela ku-cuttings, esizoyisebenzisa njengezingqungquthela.
Kungani futhi iparafini yamagilebhisi igxuma kanjani?
Ngaphansi kokugxila kusho indlela yokumboza amagilebhisi ngeparafini.
Ukuxubha kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe kahle isitshalo se-autumn inoculation futhi ukuze sikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika kahle. Phela, iqiniso liwukuthi uhlaka oluyingcosana lweparafini liyakwazi ukugcina umswakama oludingekayo esiteshini, emva kwalokho alingezelele futhi akwazi ukuhlala kahle esitokisini esisha.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuxuba i-petioles yamagilebhisi, soak kusengaphambili wabo ku-solution ye-heteroauxin. I-substance heteroauxin iyisisusa esihle kakhulu sokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi, esithonya inqubo yokwahlukanisa amaseli abo. Ngakho-ke, ama-petioles afakwe kwisisombululo esinjalo azoba esheshayo futhi aphumelele kakhulu ukugxila esitokisini.
Siyaqhubeka nokulungiswa kweparafini, okumele ichitheke. Ukwenza lokhu, emkhunjini omncane noma epanini, uqoqe amanzi amancane uphinde uphonse izingcezu zeparafini kuwo. Okulandelayo, yibeke yonke emlilweni bese ulinda kuze kufakwe iparafini ngokuphelele emanzini (kufanele ubilise kancane). Iphafini evuthayo ayiphenduli ngamanzi futhi ayixubani nayo. Kuzovele kufinyelele phezulu.
Ukukhipha ama-cuttings kufanele kube ngokucophelela futhi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha isithombo samagilebhisi ezandleni zakho, kufanele usheshe ukuwinciphisa kanye namehlo akho eparafini elicibilikile (sigcizelela - gcina i-paraffini iziqu ezimbalwa kuphela, kuze kufakwe iparfini) futhi ngokushesha uyisuse.
Okulandelayo, ngokushesha wehlisa i-petiole "waxed" emanzini ukuze uyipholise ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngenxa yombono omuhle kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-petioles eyomile, kungenjalo i-parafini izamathela kakhulu kabi (sesivele saphawula ukuthi amanzi agodla iparafini).
Imiyalo yokusika izihlahla ezifanele
Akusho ngaphandle kokuthi isitshalo esingalungiselele asikwazi ukugxila esitokisini esisha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okokuqala kufanele kudakwe kahle ukuze, okokuqala, ungalimazi ukusika ngokwaso, futhi okwesibili, hhayi ukulimaza amehlo ayo. Ngakho-ke, le mihlahlandlela elandelayo kufanele icatshangelwe:
- Ingxenye engezansi kuphela yokusika inqunywe.okuyinto esizoyibopha phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zesitshalo sesihlahla samavini.
- Udinga ukusika cishe ngamasentimitha angu-2.5-3, ukuze uthole i-stalk stalk.
- Ukusika kwe-cutting kumele kube ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiseduze. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhambe kuwo cishe ngamamentimitha angu-0.5-0.8.
- Emva kwalokho ulandela ukuthi ungayinqamula kanjani isiqu kusukela ezinhlangothini ezimbili "emgodini", ushiya "ama-hangers" nxazonke.
- Qaphela ukuthi ukunciphisa ukusika kufanele futhi kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukuze ungagcini kakhulu. Kungcono ukufeza izihlahla kancane kancane, izikhathi eziningana, isikhathi ngasinye siyakhula.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungathinti indawo ye-cut, ubeke ngobumnene ukusika yi "hangers".
- Ngemuva kokudubula kubalulekile ukubeka isiqu emanzini. Ngakho-ke, angeke abe nesikhathi sokuxilisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwakhe ngokuqondile emagodini omvini, futhi angase aqale ukuqhakaza emanzini.
Silungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganiswa esitokisini
Sesivele sibonise ngaphezulu kwalokho ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ama-stalk kubalulekile ukugcina emanzini. Ngokuvamile kakhulu emanzini ngaleso sikhathi, kuze kube khona amaqabunga aluhlaza kuwo. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi kufanelekile ukusika ukufakelwa. Uma ingancibilikiswa emanzini, ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo nakho ngeke kube usizo, ngoba ukusika okunjalo kungu-100% okomile noma okonakalisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokugoma okuqondile kubalulekile beka isisombululo esikhethekile, okuyinto ezoshukumisa ukwakheka kwezimpande nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli we-graft, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye-engraftment ye-stem ku-stem. Lesi sombululo senziwa emuthi obizwa ngokuthi "Humate".
Ukuze ufakwe ama-cuttings ku-1 litre lamanzi kudingeka udonsa inani lamaconsi angu-10 alo muthi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi leyo ngxenye kuphela yokusika eyayiqedwa ngaphambili iyancishiswa kwisisombululo. Gcina ukuhlanganiswa kwesisombululo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-7-10. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubeka nokulungiswa kwe-stem bese u-inoculate ukusika kuso.
Silungiselela isihlahla samavini ukuhlanganiswa - amathiphu ayisisekelo nemilayezo
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, isihlahla samagilebhisi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele sitshalwe kancane. Ingxenye engenhla-emhlabathini ihlelwe kahle. Inhloko yesihlahla nayo idinga ukunqunyulwa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi indawo yokusika kufanele ibe bushelelezi, kungenjalo akufanele kwenziwe eceleni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusikwa kwakuyi-perpendicular ekuqondeni kokukhula kwesiqu. Ngakho-ke, sathola isihlahla sevini le-penechki, okudingeka futhi silungiselelwe ngokucophelela.
Okokuqala, indawo ngokwayo kufanele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela nangokucophelela. Kulokhu Kungcono ukusebenzisa ummese wensimu ebukhali, ukuze kungabangela umonakalo owengeziwe ebhokisini.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokuphelele indawo enqunywe kuyo yonke imiphetho emibi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, izivini eziphawulekayo. Phela, yizinsimbi eziba yindawo yokucwaninga kwezifo ze-fungal zokuhlala unomphela. Ngakho-ke, ungathathi isikhathi sokwenza indawo yesithelo sevini isiphelele ngokuphelele.
Ithiphu ebaluleke kakhulu: ukuze isihlahla sikwazi ukulungele ngokugcwele inoculation, ngosizo lwendwangu emanqamu, kufanele ususe ngokuphelele izinhlayiya zothuli nocwangu. Ukuhlanzeka kufanele kube okuphelele, ikhwalithi yomuthi wokugoma izoxhomeka kuyo. Ngisho noma wenza imishanguzo eminingi esayithini lakho, bese uhlanza zonke iziqu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubhidliza imithi esetshenziselwe ikhambi.
Imihlahlandlela yokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwamagilebhisi
I-autumn Amagilebhisi kufanele ahlanganiswe ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lihlale lifudumele ngokwanele, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15ºС. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokugoma akufanele kuwele ngaphansi kwe-10ºС. Lapho uqhuba ukugoma ekwindla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kunezibonakaliso ezincane zokubonakala kwezimbongolo esesibambisini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-scape ngeke isinde.
Siyaqhubeka nokuqondisa ukuxhunyelelwa kwezimpande zomvini. Sithatha ukusika kwethu okulungisiwe bese sikufaka ekunqunyeni kwesiqu, sisuse isisel kuso. Kufanele ifakwe ngendlela yokuthi Kwezinye izindawo i-cuttings yathinta ngqo i-trunk ngokwayo, kanti i-hanger engasokanga yengubo yahlala endaweni ye-trunk.
Ngokuvamile, isiqu sincishiselwa ekuhlukaneni ukuze nje ingxenye yayo enqunywe ibekwe esihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukunciphisa isitshalo ngaphansi kwehlukaniswe ngamamitha angu-0.5 ukuze ihlumela eliphansi livele lingene ngaphezu kwesiqu.
Ngokwemvelo, ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, okuncane izintambo ezidinga ukuvalwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izingcezu zomvini wamagilebhisi, kanye nephepha lezindlu zangasese elinamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zakhiwo zifakwa ngokucophelela futhi zivalwe ngokucophelela, ngangokunokwenzeka zingashiyi izikhala.
Ukuze ukugoma kwethu kuqhubeke kahle, futhi amandla okucindezela phakathi kwezicubu ze-scion ne-boom ekhulayo, kudingeka abe kakhulu Ukugoqa ngokuqinile nge-taper tape, okungukuthi - indwangu yokotini. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwezincubu zesayithi lokugoma kubangelwa ukuthi lingalahla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwendwangu, ungasebenzisa i-twine. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqotshwa okuphelele kokusika kwesitokisi, indwangu iyophela futhi umvini uzoqala ukukhula okugcwele.
Kunombono wokuthi indawo yokugoma kufanele ifakwe nge-polyethylene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emva kokuqotshwa ngokucophelela kwesayithi lokugoma ngefilimu yokudla, amanzi kufanele avele ebusweni be-trunk, okuzobonisa ukufaneleka kokugoma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezazi eziningi kule nkambu, i-cellophane ne-polyethylene ingavikela ukufakelwa kwethu kwelanga kusukela ekushiseni kwelanga.
Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi usebenzise umbono wabalimi bendabuko abaningi, abakholelwa ukuthi amafilimu anjalo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umoya, angalimaza ukuhlanganiswa, ngoba umphumela omuhle wokuhlanganiswa nokusinda kokubaluleka kubalulekile ukutholakala komthamo omkhulu we-oxygen.
Indlela yokusiza ngempumelelo ubusika izithelo zomvini emva kokungena kwekwindla?
Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezimpande zamagilebhisi, Isimpande kumele siphuze futhi sanyiswe emhlabeni (kodwa ungayigcwaliseli nendawo esheshayo yokugoma, uma ungawubhidli ngobumba ngaphambili).
Inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ingabuye ihlanganiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama osemhlabathini uzogcinwa kangcono futhi umhlaba ngeke ushiswe ebusika. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa amagilebhisi afanele ukuhlala kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-hay noma utshani, futhi kusuka phezulu ukumboza okuthile okulukhuni - ngamagatsha e-fir, isibonelo.
Enye indlela yokusiza ngokuphumelelayo ukuvimbela i-scion frostbite yethu ukubeka ibhuloho lezinkuni ngaphandle kwesisekelo esizungeze isiqu ne-graft. Kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nenhlabathi kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Kule fomu, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nesibambo ngeke besabe noma yisiphi isithwathwa.
Ukuze sigcine ama-cuttings ethu avela, i-inoculation site iphinde ikhuthazwe ukuthi iboshwe ngodaka olumanzi.. Kufanelekile ukugcoba yonke indawo yokugoma, kodwa ngeke iqondwe ngaphezulu ekunqumeni ngokwayo. Ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi nobusika, ubumba luzohlala lumanzi futhi luyokwenza umswakama ube khona.
Amathiphu abalulekile okuxhunyelelwa ekwindla
- Isiqu akudingeki sibekwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kuyoba ngokwanele izimbobo ezingu-1-2.
- Uma isitokisi ozoyihlwanyela ukusika amagilebhisi sinzima kakhulu, ungatshala ama-cuttings amabili noma amathathu kuso. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangokufa komunye wabo, usaluthola isihlahla somvini.
- Umhlabathi oseduze nomvini we-shrub kumele ukhululeke ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngesilinganiso esidingekayo se-oxygen. Phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yamagilebhisi akhula angagcinwa ngaphansi kombhebhe omnyama.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungavumeli izicuttings ziziqede, hhayi nge-stock. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukususa izimpande zawo, ezivela endaweni yokugoma.
