Ingabe unesiqhingi sasehlobo esisesifundeni saseMoscow futhi uhlela ukutshala insimu enezihlahla zezithelo lapho, ukhetha ama-apula? Ingabe unesithakazelo ngokukhethekile ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika? Khona-ke lesi sihloko sizokusiza futhi sikusize wenze isinqumo esifanele.
Uma uhlela ukutshala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula esivandeni sakho, khona-ke umbuzo ungavela phambi kwakho: yiziphi izinhlobo ongakhetha kuzo?
Masifunde kangcono.
I-Bogatyr ehlukahlukene
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Igama liye lacaca ukuthi ngeke libe ngama-apula amancane. Isithelo ufinyelela usayizi omkhulu (kuze kube ngu-200g), futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle nokunakekelwa okufanele, kungandisa ukwanda kufika ku-400g! Ama-apula abukeka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanya okuncane.
Njengoba ukuvuthwa kuphuzi kancane. Umumo ugoqiwe, kodwa awuhambisani kahle, ububanzi phansi futhi uhlelwe kancane. I-Orzhavnost isici salokhu okuhlukahlukene. Inyama ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi, kepha i-asidi kuyo ayibi kakhulu kunayo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Antonovka, enye ye "abazali" ezihlukahlukene zeB Bogatyr.
Ukuzithoba umuthi inezilinganiso ezithandekayo futhi ifinyelela ku-4.5 m ukuphakama, futhi ukusakazwa kwamagatsha kungaba ngu-6 m. Umqhele awukhulu kakhulu futhi awekho amagatsha amancane phakathi nendawo. Amagxolo anombala omnqumo ocebile, amaqabunga ane-serration encane ne-pubescence evela ngezansi.
I-apula iqhuma umbala obomvana, kodwa izimbali ngokwazo ziyingcosana encane. Izithelo zokuqala zingalindelwa ngonyaka wesithupha. Kunconywa ukuba ususe ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Khetha izinzuzo lokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Okokuqala, yekhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina isitoreji eside. Izithelo zingase zilale kuze kube ngoMeyi ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isethulo. Izinhlobonhlobo zingabhekwa ku-skoroplodny. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla ze-apula kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu futhi isilinganiso esingu-60-80 kg. Kodwa lokhu akuwona umkhawulo. Uma uzungeza lesi sihlahla unakekele futhi udale izimo ezihle, isibalo singakhuphuka sibe ngu-100 kg nangaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi we-apula ujabulela ngezithelo ngonyaka. Sesivele sibonile izimfanelo zokunambitheka okumnandi, kudingeke sikhumbule ukuthutha okuphezulu, okuyinto ehambisana nalezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula. Ubusika obunzima bomuthi buphakeme kakhulu, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo njengesikhumba.
Ukungalungi lokhu kuhlukahluka kwama-apula akulona okuningi futhi, kunalokho, kuyindlela yokuhleleka kwemvelo. Abanye abanelisekile ngombala obomvu wama-apula, ngoba isikhathi eside kakhulu abaphenduphuzi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugqwala kuvela kubo.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Izimo nezinqubo zokutshala azifani nezinye izinhlobo zemithi yama-apula. Okukhethwa kukho okungahle kube ngumhlabathi we-loamy, okufanele umuntu alwele, ulungise ukubunjwa kwawo, ungeze i-peat, umquba nomhlabathi wesihlabathi.
Ngaphandle kokuqina kwe-air okwanele, uhlelo lwempande luyohlupheka, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile luyobathinta fruiting. Ngonyaka wokuqala awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo.
Ukunakekelwa kwelanga Iqukethe ukusika izihlahla zakudala kanye nokususwa kwamagatsha amadala, kanye nokunciphisa abasha. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kunconywa ukwenza ukupunika kokuqala futhi emva kwesikhathi esincane, ngemuva kokuphefumula, okwesibili. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
Ukuze ukondle entwasahlobo, kungcono ukusebenzisa urea ne-nitrate, futhi njengezinto ezilandelanayo boric acid. Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela i-siderat, okuzolawula izinga le-nitrogen, ngesikhathi esilandelayo, futhi ngenkathi ekwindla kuyoba nesikhathi sokubola futhi igcwalise umuthi ngezakhi.
Ukunakekelwa kwehlobo iqukethe ukuthambisa njalo. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kubalulekile ukugcoba izihlahla zemithi, nokuzipha nge superphosphate, umquba, potassium, njll ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Hlunga i-Pepin Saffron
Mhlawumbe, kunabantu abambalwa abangazange bazwe ngaleyo ndlela ehlukahlukene, ngoba idume kakhulu endaweni yeSoviet post.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Izithelo, ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo ezichaziwe ngenhla, ezincane kakhulu, ezilinganiselwe kakhulu, ngokubamba kancane. Njengomthetho, umbala ophuzi ophuzi, nge-inclusions ecacile futhi ecacile. Inyama ayibonakali ngokukhanya kwayo, kodwa kunomsoco, i-flavor iwayini nekhono elibonakalayo. Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-jam evela kulezi zihlukahluka iba yiphunga elihle kakhulu.
Isihlahla futhi akuyona enkulu. I-compact ephelele, esencane kakhulu inomumo ojikelezayo, kodwa kamuva isatshalaliswa ububanzi, amagatsha anciphisa, okwenza kube nokubukeka okuncane. Amahlumela, njengamaqabunga, abe nokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo, okwenza kubonakale kuluhlaza.
Isihlalo sobukhosi sinzima kakhulu, sidinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokuncipha, ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-apula amancane ayoba madlanzana. Uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithupha.
"Ukuhlanganisa" kungathiwa yikhono lokubekezelela ukuhamba, ubuqili, ukuhluma okuzinzile, ukunambitheka okuhle, ikhono lomuthi ukuze lilulame ngemva kokushisa ama-frost, futhi-ke, ukubukeka okukhangayo.
"Izinkinga" akulona usayizi omkhulu kakhulu wama-apula, isikhathi esincane sokugcina ikhwalithi (uma i-Athlete, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, igcinwa kuze kufike ngoMeyi ngisho nangasekuqaleni kwehlobo, khona-ke i-Pepin yi-safari kuphela kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-Mashi), futhi futhi, ukuphikisa okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi unomkhuba ophakeme wokuqina, okunikeza izinkinga ezengeziwe kubalimi.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukunakekela i-apula kuhilela ukubamba iqhaza okuqhubekayo komlimi wensimu empilweni yesitshalo. Lezi, okokuqala, ukusika izihlahla njalo nokugcoba, ukufiphala kusuka ezinambuzane kanye nezifo futhi, yiqiniso, izigaba eziyinhloko: ukuchelela nokudla.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Northern synapse
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ngesikhathi samanje, mhlawumbe, abalimi abaningi banganikeza "isundu" kulezi zinhlobonhlobo (phakathi kwezinhlobo zasebusika zasekupheleni), nakuba kungekudala kakhulu u-Antonovka wayebhekwa njengowokuhola. Iyiphi inhlobo enhle ye-Synapse yaseNyakatho?
Isithelo Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibukeka kancane kancane ezinhlobonhlobo esizibuke ngenhla. Inomumo ohlotshisiwe (ubukhulu beglasi), umbala ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengombuso, onobuso obuhlangene obulodwa, obungafani futhi obuhle. Kodwa konke lokhu akumvimbeli ukuba angaboni kakhulu.
I-apple ye-apula ene-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlelwe kahle, enomnandi, enambitheka kancane. Isithelo sisayizi ngobukhulu (90-120 g). Ukuvuthwa okukhishwayo kufinyelelwe endaweni ethile ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, akukhuthazwa ukuba uwaphule ekuqaleni, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukufinyelela, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo lingazange lifudumele.
Isihlahla ikhula ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele usayizi omkhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi, ukuze ugcine isikhala, abanye balimi bangase bakhethe ezinye, izinhlobo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe. Iqala ukuthela izithelo ngomnyaka wesihlanu, isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo siphakeme kakhulu, kodwa siqala ukwehla emva kweminyaka engama-20.
Izinzuzo - umthamo omkhulu wokugcina izithelo. Kude kakhulu kunalokho kweB Bogatyr futhi kungase kuphele isikhathi esingaphezu kukaJuni. Kodwa, kunesimo ukuthi izithelo zaqothulwe kungekudala kunesikhathi esabelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho zizoqala ukubola futhi zilahlekelwe yi-juiciness.
Kumele kuqashelwe, futhi ukuphikiswa okuhle kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuya efrijini. Kufana neka-Antonovka, kuphela okugcina, yebo, akunakwazi ukuziqhenya ngesikhatsi sayo sokugcina futhi ulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwayo ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo uphakeme kakhulu futhi uma uneminyaka eyi-15 isihlahla singaba ngu-170 kg.
Ukungalungi Kungase kube khona: usayizi omkhulu wezihlahla, i-heterogeneity yezithelo, ukunciphisa kwabo ngokuvuna okukhulu, isidingo sokusika izihlahla njalo.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kudotiwe ngesikhathi esifanele, hhayi kuphela ukugcina isitshalo, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela izifo zesibalo, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo aziphikisanga nalesi sifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukutshala ezinye izihlahla zokuvundisa eziseduzane, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizimele. Okuhle kakhulu, uma i-Antonovka evamile. Yebo, futhi-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ngokufaka umquba, ukuphuza nokupuniza, njengezigaba eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ze-apple ze-apple esifundeni saseMoscow
I-Orlik ehlukile
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ngenye inhlobonhlobo eyintandokazi yabalimi futhi iyakulungele ukulima emadolobheni.
Izithelo Lesi sihlahla sinesikhumba esikhanyayo, umbala ovela ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ozobomvu (kuye ngokuthi yisikhathi), unamabhuloki amaningi amhlophe. Ukuma kwe-apula kungokomfanekiso, izithelo zincane, kunalokho, zamasayizi aphakathi (100g).
Pulp nge-yellowness kancane nasezindaweni ezine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-apula yalezi zihlukahlukene ziyinkimbinkimbi enhle futhi enomsoco kakhulu. Awukwazi ukuchazwa njengamnandi, ngoba ayomuncu, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu abazange babe abalandeli abancane.
Isihlahla Liyinkimbinkimbi futhi ixabana nezimbali zalo entwasahlobo, ngoba izimbali zinkulu kunazo zonke futhi zinomthunzi obomvu obomvana. Amagatsha asuka e-trunk acishe abe ngu-90º, futhi kulezi ziphuthumayo ziyashesha. Amagxolo ashelelezi, ene-sheen ephuzi. Amaqabunga amancane kakhulu, anesibindi.
Imiklomelo Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Orlik ukubonakala kwesihlahla, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Phela, lezi zihlahla ze-apula zingabekwe eceleni komunye umkhawulo wamamitha amabili, okuyinto enenzuzo kakhulu ukulondoloza isikhala ezindaweni ezisemhlabeni. Ukukhiqiza ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeke kuhlupheke nhlobo, futhi kuzofinyelela ku-120 kg. Yebo, futhi ukunambitheka kujabulise njalo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, lesi sihlahla sinqabile nesithwathwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukungalungi iyinhlobo yezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu kanye nokuvama kwefruiting. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokuphula isivuno ngaphambi kuka-Septhemba, khona-ke ungalahlekelwa yingxenye yalo, ngenxa yokukhwabanisa nokulimala ngesikhathi sokuwa, okuyinto ngokwemvelo, ezokwehlisa impilo yeshalofu.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Lezi zihlukahlukene ze-apula azizitholi ngokuphelele futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa, naphezu kokuthi isihlahla sibhekene nesibindi ngesibindi, noma kunjalo, kunconywa ukuthi kufudumale isiqu usebenzisa i-burlap. Phela, ayinayo amakhono anjalo okuvuselela njenge-safari ye-Pepin nezingozi zokuhlupheka lapho kwenzeka amaqhwa amaqabunga. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zithathele, njengesihlahla esivamile, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke sikujabulise ngama-apula anamanzi futhi anempepho, azogcina izimfanelo zawo kuze kube phakathi nobusika.
Abafundi beBanga
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Isithelo inenani eliphakeme kunenani. I-apple yesimo esivamile kakhulu, ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa nokungahambi kahle, esinesikhumba esibushelelezi nesikhumba esinyene. Esikhathini sangemuva sohlaza kukhanyela i-dash of blush. Inyama enomusa, enomusa omuhle nonomuncu, oqabulayo ngokujabulisayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu ku-apula, futhi lezo zingamakhulu amancane. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kanti, uma igcinwe kahle, izithelo zizohlala kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Isihlahla Usayizi wesilinganiso, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izici. Izithelo kaningi ezikhuni zonyaka. Izithombo ezihlanganisiwe ziqala ukukhiqiza ngonyaka wesihlanu.
"Izinzuzo" kukhona: ukumelana okuhle nezifo kanye nesikhumba, isethulo esikhangayo, ikhono lokugcina isikhathi eside nokuqaphela.
Kuzo "u-cons" ngaphandle kwe-frost ukumelana okuphansi.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa, ngokuyisisekelo, kufana nezinye izihlahla ze-apula.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula esifundeni saseMoscow
Hlunga i-Antonovka evamile
Ngaphezu kweyodwa, ngisho nasesihlokweni sethu, sisho igama lalezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngoba i-Antonovka yilohlobo lokuqala lwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ezintsha futhi luthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Yebo, nokuthi uthini. Akukho muntu waseRussia ongazi lezi apula. Ngakho-ke, bekungeke kube kuhle ukungabakhumbuli.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ngokungafani nazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ekuqaleni, i-Antonovka yilezi ezihlukahlukene zakuqala kwasebusika. Thatha izithelo isidingo ngo-September. Ama-apula angamakhulu amakhulu kunesisindo, ngokukhwabanisa okubonakalayo, ngokulingana ngokwakhe, ukukhanya okuqala, kodwa njengoba bevuthiwe bathola ukuphuza.
Inyama ye-apula enomuncu ocebile okuthi "i-Antonov" kanye nobuhlungu bayo obunemvelo, hhayi nje kuphela enganciphisi inani lokunambitha, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, uyanezela. Izinhlobonhlobo zizenzekelayo. Okuseduze kunconywa ukutshala i-safari ye-Pepin, i-Anise, i-Welsey.
Isihlahla uyakwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Lapho usemncane, amagatsha aphakanyiswa phezulu, futhi kamuva ahamba ahlukane. Ukuvuthwa ikakhulukazi ngokhuni, okuyinto engu-3-4 ubudala. Amaqabunga akhulu, aphikisiwe futhi ane-oblong, anezinsimbi.
Izinzuzo zeBanga: iphunga eliyingqayizivele, ukunambitheka, ukubukeka nokuqina kobusika. Yebo, futhi yikuphi i-apula okumnandi kunayo yonke uma imanzi? Lapha unezincintiswano ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-apula lunomthelela omuhle emzimbeni, lukhuphula umkhuhlane, ngoba luwumthombo wamavithamini (ikakhulukazi amavithamini C) futhi ucebile ngezakhi zokulandelela. Isihlahla sinobuchopho nokunye kwezifo.
Ukungalungi iyindawo encane yokugcina imfuyo kanye nokuthi umuthi uveza izithelo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Uma utshala isipula se-Antonovka, kuhle ukuba ulungiselele imbobo kusengaphambili ukuze umhlaba uhleleke futhi uhlanganiswe. Ubuningi bomhlabathi kufanele buxubane nomanyolo omuncu kanye nama-humus; imbewu kufanele ihlelwe ngokucophelela emgodini ukuze intamo ye-basal ibonakale ku-7 cm ngaphezu kwendawo, embozwe futhi emhlabathini.
Uma utshala umuthi endaweni lapho amanzi engagcini khona, khona-ke ungakha izimo ezimanzi emgodini. Ebusika, inhlabathi ezungeze isitsha sokucubungula iphakanyiswa ukuba ihlanganiswe, futhi isihlahla ngokwawo kufanele siboshwe ngamagatsha ase-spruce.
Entwasahlobo kudingekile ukuguqula amagatsha afile bese umvuno uzoba ngaphezulu. Abalimi bamasimu bakholelwa ukuthi ukusika kumele kuqale ngomnyaka wesibili wokuphila, ngenkathi usula isiqu esikhulu futhi unciphisa amagatsha amasha okwesithathu. Okunye ukunakekelwa kuvamile, ngaphandle kwezici.
Ngakho-ke, esihlokweni sethu sazama ukucabangela izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezilungiselelwe ukulima endaweni esifana nesifunda saseMoscow. Sithemba ukuthi uzikhethele ukuthi yikuphi okufanelekile kakhulu engadini yakho, futhi uzoqhubeka ekuthokozisa wena nabathandekayo bakho ngobumnandi nobuhle obuhle.
