Isifunda ngasinye sezulu sinezici zayo, futhi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-apula ezifanelekayo. Ukuze ukhule umuthi omuhle wegadi futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu kuwo, udinga ukuzijwayeza nazo zonke izici ze-apula.
Namuhla sizokhetha izinhlobo zeNyakatho ntshonalanga yezulu futhi sicabangele izici zokutshala kwazo.
Sijwayele izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula eNyakatho-West
Uhlobo lwe-apula "i-Antonovka Ordinary"
Isihlahla se-apula esivamile kakhulu, esakhiwe ngabalimi besizwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Iphila kahle futhi iveza izithelo eCentral Russia, esifundeni sayo seNyakatho-West, ensimini yawo yonke iBelarus nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Ukraine. Ama-apula asebusika asekuqaleni "I-Antonovki" ihluke kakhulu enkulumweni enhle kakhulu futhi ithatha ingxenye ebalulekile emakethe ye-apula.
Ubukhulu bezithelo ngokuyisisekelo okuphakathi. Umumo ungaba womabili futhi uhlangothi olugcwele. Nakuba lesi sihlahla ngokuvamile sivame izithelo zama-apula owodwa, ezinye ziqukethe kancane i-calyx. I-Ribbing ibhalwe kahle.
I-peel yesithelo ibushelelezi nge-rustiness encane eduze kwe-funnel. Umbala we-apula, osevele usulungele ukususwa, uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa emva kwesikhathi esithile sokuthi ama-apula amanga ahlale ephuzi. "Blush" esithelweni akuvamile.
Inyama yezithelo ze- "Antonovka Ordinary" inomsoco kakhulu, iphuzi ngaphansi kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Ukudla ema-apula alezi zihlukahlukene elimnandi nelomuncu, kodwa nge-acidity ehlukile, eye yaba uhlobo lokubheka okwamanje.
Futhi, izithelo ze- "Antonovka" zinomsoco omuhle kakhulu futhi ovusa amadlingozi. 100 amagremu ezinhlobo zezithelo "Antonovka" iqukethe cishe u-17 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Kunamandla umuthi "Antonovki" sifinyelela usayizi omkhulu kakhuluukuthi, noma kunjalo, akalimazi abalimi. Umqhele ekuqaleni uthola isimo se-oval, kodwa ngokusungulwa kwe-fruiting njalo kukhula kancane, amagatsha awela phansi. Amagatsha esihlahla aphuma esitokisini sawo angama-degree angama-70, akhiqiza inqwaba yezindandatho ezithela izithelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile izimo ezintsha zezulu. Ukuthela "Antonovki" phezulu, ngokwesilinganiso, elingana nama-quintals angamakhulu amabili ehektheleni. Kube khona amacala lapho kufike isivuno se-Antonovka kuze kufike ku-1 000 kilograms yezithelo.
Isethulo esiphakeme sama-apula, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu ne-juiciness kwenza ama-apula afaneleke ukusetshenziswa kwifomu eluhlaza nangemva kokucubungula. Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuhluma kwezihlahla zemithi kuqala iminyaka engu-7-8 emva kokutshala lesihlahla. Ngisho ngenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inqwaba yezitshalo zabo, isihlahla siyabamba, abantu abaningi bayenqaba ukutshala. Izithelo zigcinwa izinyanga ezintathu nje kuphela; eduze kwezihlahla zesifunda sase-Southern zitshalwe, cishe kungenzeka ukulimala ngobudala babe nabo ngeke kube njalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Anise Striped" ("Anise Grey")
Olunye uhlobo oluhlukile olungenamzali. Nokho, lokhu akunciphisi ukufaneleka kwawo. Ihlelwe kahle kakhulu eNyakatho-West Russia. Izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni, ngo-Okthoba.
Izithelo ziyi-one-dimensional, medium or slightly smaller than size medium. Ukuma kwawo kuhlanganiswe, kufakwa, kufakwe kancane eduze kwendebe. Ukuziphatha okubanjwe kahle. Isikhumba sesithelo esivuthiwe sibhebhezela, kuphela emngcwabeni, ukuqhuma nokukhwabanisa kungenzeka. Ukugqoka kwe-wax okuphawulekayo. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ombozwe ngombala obomvu obomvu obunama-"obunzima" obomvu.
Uma ikhula, inyama ithola umbala omhlophe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesakhiwo esihle. Izithelo zomsindo ziphakeme. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kuhambisane nephunga elimnandi kakhulu elimnandi, elizwa ngisho ngaphandle kokusika i-apula. Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid akuyona into ebalulekile, kuphela 7 mg ngamagremu angu-100 we-apula.
Umuthi okhulayo oqinile "u-Anis Striped" unomunwe obunzima kakhulu obuningi bomqhele. Umqhele uqukethe amagatsha emasipha obukhulu obuphakathi. Amagxolo emagatsheni asundu, abhekene nokugqwala. Izingxenye ezithela izithelo zomuthi zingumkhonto kanye ne-kolchati. Ukuvumelanisa okuhle nokuzinza umuthi uqinisekisa ukuqina kwawo: ungaphila futhi uthwale izithelo iminyaka engaba ngu-100.
Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nesithwathwa nesomiso. Fruiting ngokukhululekile: ukusuka emthini owodwa cishe ngamakhilogremu angu-300 izithelo. Uzuza kwezinye izinhlobo zokuhlala kwazo nokunambitheka kwesithelo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe, izithelo zifanelekile hhayi kuphela eziluhlaza, kodwa futhi njenge-drying, i-apula iwayini, inhlama, ekuguleni.
Ephansi kunezinye izinhlobo ze- "Anis" ngobuncane bezithelo zabo. Impilo yesheluli ukuphakama kwabo kuphela Izinyanga ezimbili, izihlahla ziba fruiting eneminyaka engu-5-6. Izinhlobonhlobo zizenzekelayo. Ngenxa yobuningi bezitshalo zingabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile ze-fruiting.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zekholomu ye-apple esifundeni saseMoscow
Incazelo izinhlobo ze-apula "Grushevka Moskovskaya" ("Grushovka", "Skorospelka")
Lokhu ukuhlukahluka kusekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi ujabule ngezithelo zawo ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti. Kubonakala ngenxa yomzamo wabalimi besizwe. Uyaziwa esifundeni saseNyakatho-West nase-Ural.
Izithelo yalolu hlobo abancane. Ngefomu kufana ne-turnip - igcwele kakhulu. Kukhona cishe okungabikho ukukhwabanisa. Akukho ugesi esikhumbeni esithambile. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kukhona amachashazi amaningi amhlophe.
Umbala wezithelo ezivuthwe, ukulungele ukusika, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokulala baba mhlophe. Umbala oyinhloko uhlanganiswe "imisindo" ecacile kanye nemicu emnyama.
Umbala we-pulp yalezi zinhlobonhlobo uvame ukumhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi, kodwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba kungaba yinto epholile. Juiciness high. Ukunambitheka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunamakha, kunomuncu nge-predominance ehloniphekile ye-asidi. Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid enyameni akubalulekile, cishe ngo-9.3 mg ngamagremu angu-100 wezithelo.
Isihlahla futhi unamandla. U-Crohn esemncane unesimo esikhulu esikhulu se-pyramidal, okuyinto ngokunyuka kwemifino yezitshalo ephenduka ibe yindilinga. Amagatsha anamandla futhi aqinile, amaqabunga amaningi. Ukuhluma kuleli klasini kuphela kolchatki.
Izihlahla zalezi zihlukahlukene ziningi kakhulu kuqala ukuqala ukuthela izithelokunokuvame ukumboza zonke ezinye izinkinga. Ukunikezela okuphezulu. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphakeme, kudlula ukuphikiswa kweminye imikhakha yesifunda saseNyakatho-West. Ukukhula komzimba, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kusheshe kakhulu.
Izithelo zincane futhi zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo (ngenxa yalesi sizathu zingawa). Impilo yesheluli izithelo kuphela amasonto 2-3 kuphela, ngakho-ke afaneleka kuphela ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziselwayo kanye nokucindezela ama-juice. Ukumelana nokukhwa kuvamile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "i-Asterisk": incazelo
Ngokungafani nalokho okwedlule, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyimbangela yomsebenzi wesayensi wezobuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo nombelethi, futhi abazali bayo yi-Pepinka Lithuanian no-Anis. Izinhlobonhlobo zasebusika, ukuklanywa kwezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala esifundeni saseNyakatho-West.
Izithelo lokhu okuhlukahlukene encane kodwa ezihlwabusayo ngokwanele. Ngefomu, bahlelwe futhi bazungeza. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sigcwele i-wax encane. Umbala oyinhloko wesithelo uhlaza okuluhlaza. Umbala wokumboza uvezwa ngesimo sokuthi "u-blush" onokuqhafaza, onombala obomvu obomvu. Njengoba i-topcoat ithatha cishe yonke indawo yesithelo, ama-apula anombala obomvu okhangayo.
Inyama ngokuvamile iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu be-topcoat, i-pinkish eduze kwesikhumba ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Izithelo zomsindo ziphakeme. Ukwakhiwa kwenyama kuhle kahle. Ukudla kulinganiswe ngamathanga afana okuhle, unomthunzi omuncu. Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ku-pulp ngu-15 mg ngamagremu angu-100 wezithelo.
Umuthi okhulayo oqinile walezi zinhlobonhlobo unomqhele ohlangene. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yena, obhekene nezitshalo, wanda kancane futhi wilts. Umqhele unamagatsha amakhulu ahlobo lwamathambo namagatsha amancane. Izithelo ezithwele isihlahla zingamahlumela kanye ne-lance.
Ukuthela lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonakala njalo. Isethulo sesithelo siphezulu kakhulu, okuqinisekiswa ngumbala okhangayo okhangayo. Izithelo zigcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kuFebhuwari. Futhi, inzuzo yalezi zihlukahlukene yiyona ukunambitheka kwesithelo.
Kodwa-ke, izithelo kakade ezingakaze zinezinsuku ezindala zomuthi ziqala ukwehla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuthi udinga ukugcinwa njalo nokusika izihlahla ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesithelo. Ngendlela, isihlahla siphendula ukusika izihlahla. Ukuvuna kuqala ngokuyisisekelo kusukela eminyakeni engu-5-7.
Apple ezihlukahlukene "Cinnamon New"
Lezi zihlukahlukene zingokwindla ka-late. Abazali bakhe yizinhlobonhlobo ze "Cinnamon Striped" ne "Welsey". Ngokuba ukukhula kwawo akuyona inhlabathi ebumnyama, ngakho-ke isakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke leNyakatho-West kanye naseCentral. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlonywa ngabalimi be-amateur nabomabhizinisi ezindizeni ezinkulu zezimboni.
Ubukhulu bezithelo bukhulu kakhulu: isisindo sesisindo esivela ku-130 kuya ku-160 amagremu. Ukuma kwama-apula avuthiwe kuhlotshanisiwe, kulungile. Izithelo zomzimba owodwa. Isikhumba sinobuthakathaka kakhulu, kodwa siyabuleleka.
Kunamaphuzu amaningi angaphansi kwesigcawu; anesifo esibucayi noma enesibindi kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Umbala wombala oyinhloko uphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kobuso bonke bezithelo kukhona inqwaba yezingxube ezifiphazayo nama-specks okuyi-topcoat.
Inyama enomzimba ayikho kakhulu kakhulu esakhiweni futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukunambitheka. Izithelo zomsindo ziphakeme, ukunambitheka okumnandi komunyu waseCinnamon New kuncediswa iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Amagremu ayi-100 esithelo afaka cishe 15 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Isihlahla salezi zihlukahlukene sikhula kakhulu. Ibuye ibhekwe yi-pyramidal ephakeme, kamuva ibe umqhele ophakeme wesikhumba. Futhi umqhele ukhulu kakhulu, iqukethe amagatsha amakhulu ohlobo lwamathambo. Amagatsha afakwa esihlahleni ngeso lengqondo. I-Fruiting ingxenye yomuthi yi-collar.
Inzuzo yalezi zinhlobonhlobo iwubuhle bayo kokubili nokubukeka, izithelo. Ukusetshenziswa okusha kwama-apula "I-Cinnamon New" kuqhubeka kuze kube nguJanuwari. Izithelo ezivuthiwe aziwaye zodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuthi ngokwawo uphikisana kakhulu ne-frost kanye ne-scab.
Nokho fruiting isihlahla lokhu okuhlukahlukene uqala sekwephuzile - eminyakeni engu-6-7 kuphela emva kokutshala. Naphezu kokuthi ubudala, isivuno sanda kuphela, umuthi ungaqala ukuthela izithelo ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi, umqhele onamandla awusizi kahle ngesikhathi sokuvuna futhi uthatha isikhala esiningi ensimini. Izithelo zingase ziqhekeke emazingeni aphezulu okushisa.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele - konke okudingayo ukwazi ngezinhlobo zesifunda saseNyakatho-West
Sika izihlahla ze-apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo
Njengoba izihlahla zasenyakatho-eNtshonalanga zisenamandla futhi zithatha isikhala esiningi ensimini, kumele zihlale zenziwe izihlahla. Lapho usemncane, le nqubo ngeke ivumele kuphela ukuthi ifake ifomu elifanele futhi elihle, kodwa futhi likhulise ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithelo. Emithini eveza izithelo, ukusika izihlahla ikakhulukazi kuhloswe ekukhipheni amagatsha abonakalisiwe nabomisiwe.
Manje mayelana nezici zomanyolo
Kungakanani nokuthi kungakanani ukutshala i-apula? Ngokuyinhloko ngeke kuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa emhlabathini lapho etshalwe khona. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, ke umanyolo awudingi.Mhlawumbe kanye ngonyaka, ungangezelela isihlahla ngesisombululo esine-nitrogen - lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula nokukhula kwezithelo.
Kodwa-ke, uma inhlabathi ingavuthi kakhulu, inani elikhulu le-humus ne-peat lizofakwa kulo lapho lihlwanyela ngokuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa izikhathi ezingu-6 ngonyaka, ngokufaka i-nitrogen, i-superphosphates ne-calcium sulfate.
Ingabe kufanele nginise imithi?
Umuthi wama-apula awudingi ukuphuza, ikakhulukazi ucabangela izihlahla ezide kakhulu ezimelela izinhlobonhlobo zaseNyakatho-Western. Amanzi adinga kuphela ukuthungwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala nangaphezu kwenyanga ezayo ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili.
Futhi, uma ihlobo lizoba lomile kakhulu, ke ukuphuza i-apple kuyoba yinto evunyelwe - okungenani amabhakede amahlanu amanzi kufanele adingeke emthini owodwa omdala.
Ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula ebusika
Lapho ulungisa insimu ebusika, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuphikiswa kwawo emaqhwaqini amakhulu. Isici esibalulekile futhi ukujula kwezimpande - kuxhomeke ekutheni ukujula kwenhlabathi okujulile kungaba yingozi ku-apula wakho.
Izinhlobonhlobo zesifunda saseNyakatho-Western zide, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwempande yalezi zihlahla lujulile. Ngaphambi kokubusika i-circle okolostvolny idinga ukubeka ungqimba we-peat futhi ama-humus angaba ngamasentimitha angu-10 aphezulu. Lapho kufika isithwathwa, ungqimba lungakhuphuka, kufaka phakathi ngenxa yeqhwa elapha.
Ingozi enkulu yokuphuza izihlahla ebusika yizinduku. Ukuze uvikele lesi sihlahla kubo, faka isihlahla somuthi phansi emagatsheni aphansi ngamagatsha ase-spruce. Okungcono nakakhulu, yibophe nge-ruberoid. Ngakho-ke, amagundane nje akwazi ukufika esiqwini.
Ukutshala i-Apple Trees esifundeni seNyakatho-ntshonalanga
Yisiphi isikhathi sokukhetha ukufika?
Naphezu kwekutsi kokubili ekwindla kanye nekutshala kwetwasahlobo kufaneleka emapulaseni, inkhelo yekucala iscono kunetihlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaqhwa kulesi sifundazwe angase afike masinyane kakhulu, kanti imbewu kufanele idluliselwe emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuvela kwayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha umuthi ngeke ube nesikhathi sokuya esimweni sokuzola futhi ungalimaza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo.
Ukutshala izitshalo kumele kwenzeke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuqhaqhazela kweqhwa nenhlabathi.
Yiziphi izidingo zomhlabathi?
Indlela engcono kakhulu ye-apple yesifunda esicacisiwe yilezi ezivundisayo ezihlelekile ngehlelo elihle lokudonsa amanzi. Ihlukaniswa ngokweqile ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezichazwe ngenhla ukuthi zingobumba nobudaka. Inhlabathi enezinga eliphakeme le-asidi ngeke isebenze noma (kodwa lingagcina ngokungeza i-nitrate enhlabathini).
Iya ekuthumeni
Umgodi kufanele ugugu kusengaphambili - amasonto amabili kuya ku-2 ngaphambi kokutshala. Noma ngabe ukutshala kwentwasahlobo - okungenani ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4. Ngaphansi kwegodi, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luthululelwa kanye ne-humus ne-peat. Sifaka uphawu futhi sisakaze izimpande zesithombo.
Yehlisa isithombo ngendlela yokuthi i-collar yezimpande ihlala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Okulandelayo, uhlanganise ngokucophelela inhlabathi bese uthela isithombo nge 2-3 amabhakede amanzi.
