Pear - izithelo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi ezinomsoco, okuqala ukufika ezingeni lethu.
Lesi sitshalo sithinta kakhulu isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zitshalwe eCaucasus nase-Asia Ephakathi.
Sijwayele amapheya okwakuvele akhula emasimini kagogo nomkhulu.
Ukunambitheka kwamapheya anjalo kunama-tart ne-tart.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, ababelethi baye bakwazi ukudala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhluzane, ezikwazi ukukhula ngempumelelo futhi zithele izithelo ebhanini eliphakathi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zezinhlobo zeqembu eliphakathi?
Izinhlobo ezidalwe ngokungafani zihlukahluka kokubili ngobukhulu obukhulu futhi kunambitheka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kufanele ziqaphele izithelo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izinhlobo ze-autumn ze-Autumn
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphila kuphela engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba. Nokho, inzuzo yabo yukuthi yabo izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, uma ubeka amapheya endaweni enomnyama futhi enomoya omuhle, esikhundleni sakhe ngephepha noma utshani, uzokwazi ukudla izithelo ezintsha okungaphezulu kwenyanga.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Iphakathi kwe "Marble": incazelo ehlukahlukene
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisekwindla yokuqala, etholakala ngokuwela i-Bere ebusika Michurin ne-Forest Beauty.
Isihlahla sinamandla amakhulu okukhula kwe-trunk. Crown obanzi obubanzi, inezimbalwa ezimbalwa kodwa ibonakala ngamagatsha aqinile futhi aqinile. Pear "Marble" iningi kakhulu, izithelo isisindo cishe 160-170 g.
Futhi, izithelo zinezansi kanye nesimo esivamile. Uhluka isikhumba esikhudlwana. Umbala oyinhloko wezithelo ezivuthiwe uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi nge-marble "obuhlaza" (kuphi futhi igama lezihlukahlukene). Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto encane kakhulu futhi enomusa, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinephunga elicebile nelula elihlukile.
Kuya kufanelekile Lezi zihlukahlukene kufanele zifake:
- ubusika obunzima;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ikhwalithi yezithelo;
- ukumelana nesikhumba.
Ukungalungi Amapheya "Marble" yi:
- ukumelana okuncane emanzini, emva kwalokho isivuno singase sinciphise, izithelo ziwela ngokungavuthi.
Incazelo yepey "Elegant Efimova"
Futhi isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ekwindla. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngenxa yokuwela kukaTonkaetka no-Pet Klapp.
Umuthi ukhula kakhulu, ngokukhula okusheshayo. I-Crohn - i-pyramidal, inesilinganiso esijwayelekile.
Izithelo zinejamo elilingene elilingene nelanga eliphakathi kwamehlo. futhi ubuso obushelelezi. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-90-120 g, okungukuthi, sinesilinganiso esijwayelekile.
Uma sesivuthiwe, lezi peyari zinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi kanye nendawo yonke yesithelo.
I-pey color of pear color-cream, inesakhiwo esinyene kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunambitheka kakhulu kunambitheka ngokumuncu. Uhlukana no-juiciness kanye no-lubricity..
Ukufaneleka kwezihlukahlukene:
- ubusika obunzima;
- isivuno (kufika ku-30t / ha);
- ikhwalithi ephezulu yezentengiselwano yezithelo;
- ukuphila kwamashalofu - kuze kube amasonto angu-2-3.
Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi izithelo kufanele zisuswe emthini ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvuthwa kokugcina, endaweni ethile ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ukudla amapheya kuzoba okufanelekile kuneviki kamuva, ukuthayipha ngenqubo yokugcina ukunambitheka kwabo okuyisisekelo.
Pear Izinhlobonhlobo "Izintandokazi Yakovlev"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ekwindla zatholakala ngokuwela i-Pear Daughter Blancow neBergotot Esperana (eBelgium). Isihlahla sinomuthi onamandla kakhulu futhi okhula ngokushesha futhi umqhele, onesilinganiso esiphakathi kwamahlamvu.
"Izintandokazi Yakovlev" zibhekene nokusabalalisa izimbali, okuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka umonakalo kusuka frost. Izinhlobonhlobo izithelo ezilinganiselweehlotshaniswa nengxenye enkulu ebanzi.
Izithelo isisindo esingaba ngu-100 g. Ukunambitheka kwepeyari kuyinhle, ngaphandle kwesimo se-astringency, sinokufana ne-quince (ikakhulukazi, ine-flavor ye-quince). Inyama yinyene futhi ihlanzekile, inomthunzi we-cream. Izinongo ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, zigcinwe kuze kuNovemba.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene "Pet Yakovlev":
- ubusika obunzima;
- isivuno (umuthi oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala uyakwazi ukukhiqiza isitshalo se-20 kg, isibalo esiphezulu sise-200 c / ha).
Amazinga Okungabikho:
- usayizi omkhulu wezihlahla, okudinga izindawo ezinkulu zokutshala izithombo;
- i-pulp isithelo esinezinambuzane ezinama cell stony;
- kungenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa isikhumba.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo eziphelile zamapheya.
Pear "Bere Moskovskaya"
Olunye uhlobo lwekwindla lwezingwelekwane lwazalwa ngenxa yokukhethwa kwamapheya "Olga" nge-pollen yezinye izinhlobo ezintathu: "Forest Beauty", "Izintandokazi Klapp" no "Kashkarnok".
Uhluke umqhele ozungezayo, onesilinganiso esiphakeme samahlamvu amahle. Amandla okukhula omuthi waseBere Moskovskaya ajwayelekile. Isisindo sesisindo izithelo cishe i-g g.
Isakhiwo sezithelo sinamaparele asymmetrical, sinama-tubercles. Uhluka isikhumba esincane. Ukufaka umbala ophuzi ngendwangu ebomvu ngesimo "sobala".
Izithelo okulungele kudle sezivele ngasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, zingagcinwa esiqandisini inyanga yonke. Ngokucophelela udinga ukubhekisela ekuqoqweni kwezithelo, ngoba esihlahleni bashesha kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi balala ndawonye.
Izinzuzo zezihlukahlukene zilandelayo:
- ukuvunwa;
- ubusika obunzima obuhlukile;
- izithelo ukuphikisa isikhumba nokubola;
- ukumelana nendawo emnyama;
- ikhwalithi yezimpahla.
Ukunganaki kwamapheya "Bere Moskovskaya":
- isikhathi sokusebenzisa - inyanga eyodwa kuphela;
- Ukuthandwa kwezithelo kungathinteka yizulu elomile nelishisayo.
Iphakathi kwe "Otradnenskaya"
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-autumn zitholakale ngenxa yenkimbinkimbi yokufakelwa kwe-"Theme" ne "Forest Forest". Isihlahla asikade - ngaphansi kwesilinganiso. Umqhele uboniswa umumo ojikelezayo ohlaza ngamahlamvu aminyene.
Izithelo Lezi zihlukahlukene zinkulu, finyelela isisindo sika 130 g. Ngomumo, zithinteka ezinhlangothini zombili, zibambe kancane. Isikhumba sabo sibushelelezi futhi asinzima kakhulu. Umbala kakhulu ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ogcwele obomvu obomvu.
I-pulp esithelweni sombala ophakathi kwe-Orodnenskaya umbala ophuzi obomvu, awukho i-juiciness ehlukile, ubukhulu bungakanani. Ukunambitha amapheya amnandi futhi anomuncu. Ihlukana nokuphila kwirefu elide - kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-3, ngokuhambisana nokuhamba. Ukuvuna isilinganiso kuyinto cishe 30-40 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele kuqashelwe njenge:
- ubusika obunzima;
- ukuvuna okuvamile;
- ubuqili;
- ukumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene;
- ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu;
- ukuchithwa okubuthakathaka.
Ngenxa yezinzuzo ezibonisiwe ezihlukahlukene, akunakwenzeka ukubiza amaphutha
Izinhlobo zasehlobo: incazelo
Isici saloluhlobo lwezinhlobo ukuthi zivuthwe ngokushesha (ngasekupheleni kwehlobo), kodwa izithelo azigcinwa isikhathi eside (cishe amasonto amabili nesigamu / amabili). Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zasehlobo zokutshala endaweni ephakathi:
Pear "Bessemyanka"
Ezihlukahlukene zehlobo zokukhiqiza zamapheya, okuziwa isikhathi eside phakathi kwamaphakathi. Izihlahla zide kakhulu, umqhele - ububanzi obuningi ngamakhasi amancane. Izithelo isilinganiso esingenambewu Ngifinyelela isisindo kuphela 70-80 g.
Izithelo zezithelo - eliphakathi kwe-tubercles. Isikhumba esibi. Izithelo zinombala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kwekhava elicacile. I-pulp yezithelo zombala ophuzi obomvu. Ukunambitha - okumnandi futhi kumnandi.
Uhluke ekucebeni, isakhiwo sivame ukugcoba. Ungakhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivela emthini ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kodwa amandla okuzisindisa kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaSeptemba cishe akuncane kakhulu, ngoba impilo yesheluli iphela izinsuku ezingu-10 kuphela. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingawela ngokwazo.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo kufanele uqaphele lokhu:
- izitshalo eziphakeme (izibalo eziphezulu ezilingana no-270 kg ngomuthi ngamunye);
- izithelo ukunambitheka;
- ubusika hardiness
Kodwa-ke, "Bessemyanka" inezinkinga ezithile:
- ithuba lokushaya isikhumba;
- ijubane lokuvuthwa kwezithelo kanye nokuphila okufakwe emashalofini amancane;
- ubukhulu obujwayelekile besithelo.
Iphakathi kwe "Lada"
Lezi zihlukahlukene zingabizwa ngisho nasehlobo zakuqala. Ungumphumela wokuwela izinhlobo "Olga" ne "Forest Beauty". Isihlahla sinokuphakama okulinganiselwe, umqhele wesilinganiso esiphakathi yi-pyramidal noma i-funnel efana nobunzima obuphakathi.
Izithelo elikhulu kakhulu -100-110 g ngesisindo. Yakha i-ovoid encane enekhanda elibushelelezi nelincane. Umbala oyinhloko we-pear ubuhle obuphuzi, obomvu obomvu "obomvu". Umbala we-pulp unombala ophuzi, ngesakhiwo esihlelekile.
Isithelo sinomuncu ukunambitha, ngaphandle kokudla okunye. Yiphunga elimnandi elimnandi. Naphezu kokuphakanyiswa okuphezulu kwamapheya kanye nekhono lokugcina izinyanga ezimbili, banekhono eliphansi lokuthutha.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zifana nalokhu:
- ukunqanda;
- ubusika obunzima;
- ukukhiqiza (50 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa);
- ukuvuna okuvamile;
- ukumelana nezifo kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Izinkinga zibandakanya amandla amancane okuthutha izithelo.
Iphakathi kwe "Duchess": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya adumile kakhulu, aziwa nangokuthi "Williams". Isetshenziswe kakhulu embonini nasezindaweni zokulima izitshalo. Isihlahla salolu hlobo luvame ukuphakama phakathi, sinomqhele obanzi obuningi-pyramidal onamahlamvu aminyene.
Ihlukana nokusabalalisa kwephuzile nokuphuza okuphansi kwezulu elibi. Isisindo sesisindo isithelo salezi ezihlukahlukene cishe ngu-170 g. Ifomu - i-pear-shaped, oblong ne-tubercles. I-peel yiphunga elimnandi futhi elimnyama, elincanyana.
Umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izithelo ezivuthiwe ziba yi-wax-yellow, izici ezincane zobunombala obomvu balezi zihlukahlukene zivela. Umbala wepulp unombala ophuzi. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyamnandi kakhulu, kumnandi futhi kuyamnandi ngephunga elimnandi le-nutmeg.
Kuya kufanelekile Izinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
- Izidingo eziphansi zezici zenhlabathi;
- ukuvunwa;
- ubuqili;
- ikhwalithi yezithelo.
Kuya u-cons izinhlobo zihlanganisa:
- ubusika obunzima obusika;
- ukubekezelelana okuphansi kwesomiso;
- ukuthambekela kokunqoba ama-aphid nokuncelisa.
Ikhasi "U-Clapp ozithandayo"
Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwehlobo lehlobo, ezitholakala ngokuzalanisa "ihlathi le-Beauty". Isetshenziselwa kokubili emapulazini amakhulu asezimboni, nasezikhungweni zomuntu siqu. Iqukethe umqhele ogcwele kanye nesiqu esikhula ngokushesha.
Izithelo emithini encane yalezi ezihlukahlukene ahluke ngobukhulu obukhulu, uma uneminyaka yobudala bomuthi, ziba ezincane (cishe 100-120 g). Esimweni - ovoid ehlanganisiwe. Umbala wesikhumba sethenda futhi obushelelekile wezithelo ezivuthiwe uphuzi, ne-carmine "ephukile". Umbala we-pulp umhlophe.
Isithelo sinomnandi futhi sinomuncu ukunambitha, okuhlukaniswa yi-juiciness nesisa. Izithelo zivuthwe ngesikhathi sokuphela kukaJulayi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba zingakwazi ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka ngenxa yokusika okuncane kakhulu noma kwesikhathi sekwephuzile.
Izinzuzo Lokhu okuhlukahlukene yilokhu:
- ubumnandi obunzima obusika;
- cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi olufanelekile;
- okuhle fruiting
Izinkinga zilandelayo:
- izithelo ngokushesha ziwa lapho zivuthiwe;
- imfucuza emfushane emifino evuthiwe;
- ukukwazi ukuthola isikhala.
Izinhlobo zasebusika
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zivuthwa kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi ziyahlukahluka esikhathini eside kakhulu sokugcina - izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo zasebusika ziyahlukahluka futhi zibukeka kahle.
Ikhasi "Lingathi Usuku"
Ukuhlukahluka kungumphumela wokweqa ikhasi elithi "Daughter of Dawn" nelithi "Late MOSVIR". Le peari yasebusika inomuthi wokuphakama okuphakathi kanye nomqhele ohlangene, owuhlobo oluncane lwe-pyramidal.
Izithelo umuthi onjalo kufinyelela ku-140-220 g.
Ifomu - i-pear enembile. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sine-revolving waxy, ubukhulu obuphakathi. Ukuqothula isithelo lapho umbala wabo uphendukela obuluhlaza obuncane. Kamuva, bayoba ngaphezulu okwesibhakabhaka futhi ikhava elibomvu elizobomvu lizovela. Inyama yesithelo ukhilimu.
Isakhiwo sinobukhulu kakhulu, esincane kakhulu. Uhlukana no-juiciness nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Izintandokazi Izinhlobonhlobo zilandelayo:
- isikhathi sokugcina izithelo ezivuthiwe sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-220-250;
- ukutshala ukumelana nesifo;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukumelana kwesihlahla kuze kube seqhwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "May Day":
- ukunambitha - astringency.
Yini ekhethekile mayelana nokutshala amapheya eqenjini eliphakathi?
Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zitshalwe entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okubuthakathaka kwe-rhizome, ukuthungwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okhethekile nesikhathi eside.
Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuqhuma umuthi omncane ngendlela encane encane ukuze kuphumelele ukuhambisa isikhathi sasebusika ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungangeni emhlabathini futhi ungaqhubeki intamo yenzalo, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuba amagxolo aphule.
Ungayinakekela kanjani izithombo eziphakathi kwe?
Ukunisela izithombo
Ukuphuza lesi sitshalo kuningi kakhulu, cishe amabhakede amabili e-seedling eyodwa. Umthamo wamanzi angeke ukondle kuphela, kodwa futhi usize ukuqeda ama-bubbles emoyeni okwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukuze ugcine umswakama isikhathi eside, ngemuva kokuphuza izwe ngokuvamile ligcwele sawdust noma humus.
I-pear tree izihlahla
Eminyakeni yokuqala, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngokukhipha izihlahla, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele ukhokhe ngokukhethekile ukuzuza kwonyaka, ngoba kungabangela umqhele ongavamile.
Uma kunqunywe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzovela amagatsha ahlangothini, okuyinto eyoyithinta kakhulu isakhiwo sonke somqhele wesihlahla. Kanye iminyaka emi-2-4 kufanele kutholakale ukuvuselelwa kokukhanyangakho kuvela ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Indlela yokuquba ikhasi?
Okungaphezulu kakhulu kuyadingeka ngamapheya Umanyolo yi-potassium, i-organic and phosphorus. Ukutshala isitshalo kufanele kube njalo eminyakeni emine, uthele isixazululo esidingekayo emgodini oguguwe nxazonke ezimpandeni zomuthi.
Isixazululo somanyolo kufanele sibe no-20 kg we-humus (singashintshwa ngoshukela we-peat), okufanele usengeze nge-pound ye-superphosphate, i-chloride encane kakhulu ye-potassium kanye ne-kilogram ye-lime. Ngaphambi kokusila, isisombululo se-nitrogen sitholwa enhlabathini.
Indlela yokuvikela izihlahla ezivela ezinambuzane?
Ekulimeni nasekunakekeleni amapheya ngokuvamile kufanele akhohlwe isikhala. Ukulwa nalo kufanele kube ngezigaba eziningana.
Okokuqala, amaqabunga awela emthini kufanele ashiswe. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwabo ngamakhemikhali ngesisombululo se-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate.
Ukuzithoba izinkuni kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-urea esingu-5% ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuza kwamahlamvu. Ukwelapha lesi sihlahla kuhlanganisa ukusifakaza nge-Bordeaux ingxube (ngaphambi kokudalulwa kweziqu ehlathini, emva kokuba isihlahla sithende futhi izikhathi ezingu-2 emva kwalokho kuphakathi kwamasonto amabili).
