Umuthi we-pear awuthandwa kakhulu kune-apula, umuthi phakathi kwabalimi, futhi awutholakali emasimini abo.
Izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear zithokozisayo, zikhona izinhlobonhlobo nge-pulp esithambile, futhi zikhona ezinzima, kunezinhlobo zasehlobo, futhi kukhona nabusika bebusika.
Ngezinye izikhathi, amapheya aqothulwe namanje aluhlaza, futhi asele ahlaziywe kuze kufike entwasahlobo, futhi agcinwa, efafazwe nge-sawdust, emabhokisini enkuni.
Ukunambitheka kwe-pear ishintsho, kuba yilawo amanzi amaningi, athambile futhi amnandi.
Izithombo zamapheya zitshalwe ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, kepha ukutshala kwekwindla kunabalandeli bayo abaqine. Cabanga ngamaphuzu abo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokutshala amapheya ekwindla?
Isihluthulelo somkhiqizo ophezulu wezimapheya ukutshala okulungile kwezithombo. I-autumn kuhle kufanelekile ukuphuma imbewu, futhi lokhu kunezizathu zayo.
Izinzuzo zokutshala amapheya ekuwa zihlanganisa:
- I-autumn kubhekwa kakhulu isikhathi esihle kakhulu iminyaka ukukhethwa kwezithombo amapheya Ngalesi sikhathi, banezimpande ezithuthukile kahle, futhi izinkuni zikhule ngokugcwele.
- Kusekhathini ekwindla ukuthi kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi, futhi intengo yabo isezansi kakhulu kunentwasahlobo. Izithombo nazo zamukelwa ngokushesha.
- Amathuba okuthenga izithombo zama-pear asezineminyaka eyodwa noma emibili ubudala zanda. Zamukelwa kangcono endaweni entsha.
- Umhlaba nomoya kusefudumele ekwindla, kanti izithombo zihluma ngokushesha.
- Ikhasi elitshalwe ekwindla likhula futhi likhula ngokushesha.
Ngesikhathi futhi kungcono kanjani ukutshala ipeyari
Okuhle kakhulu izinsuku zokufika amapheya ekwindla phakathi kukaSeptemba, ingxenye yokuqala ka-Okthobangaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Okokuqala, faka imbobo kusengaphambili, futhi ulungise umgodi wokutshala amapheya.
Ungatshala izithombo ngaphandle kokumba umgodi wokutshala. Ngenxa yalokhu, endaweni lapho ipeyari kufanele ikhule khona, ukucindezeleka okuncane kwenziwa ekwenzeni uhlelo lwempande lomuthi.
Emhlabathini, ongekho ocebile kakhulu ezakhiweni, bamba futhi ulungiselele umgodi wokutshala. Ububanzi bayo buba ngu-100 cm, futhi ukujula kwayo ku-60 cm. Umgodi ugcwele ama-humus, umuthi wokhuni, i-superphosphate, umhlaba ovundile, nasemadongeni enza i-bouffant encane.
Lapho izihlahla zitshalwe, zigcwele izikhukhula. Ukuvikela izimpande, ngesikhathi sebusika, umhlaba ozungeza umgodi ugcwele i-peat kanye nomquba. Khona-ke ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande, eduze nesidingo sembewu nyundo isikhonkwane futhi ubophe umuthi omncane ngentambo.
Sikhetha inhlabathi nendawo ngendlela efanele
Ukutshala izithombo zamapheya ekwindla kuqala ngokukhetha indawo efanele nenhlabathi ngekusasa lomuthi. Ikhasi kufanele likhule ngokushesha endaweni engapheli, ayithandi ukuguqula.
Ikhasi lithanda ukufudumala futhi besaba iqhwa. Ngakho-ke, indawo engcono kunazo zonke izithombo eziphakathi kwe-pear zizoba yingxenye yeseningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga yegadi noma i-cottage. Kufanele kube khona ilanga elomile, elifudumele nelanele. Musa ukutusa ukutshala izithombo lapho kunezinhlaka kanye nemimoya eqinile.
Umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zamapheya kuyadingeka khulula, kufanele kudlule amanzi kanye ne-oxygen kalula. Imithi itshalwe kude kumamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli peyari linomsoco onamandla, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutshala okungenani amamitha amathathu ukusuka kunoma yiziphi izakhiwo, okudala nomthunzi omningi.
Ukuze uthole impova engcono yezimbali, izinhlobo ezahlukene ezingu-2-3 ze-pear zitshalwe. Iphakathi kwe-pear ayihlwanyelwe emhlabathini onesihlabathi, onogwadule kanye ne-lime.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amapheya, inhlabathi kumele ikhule.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, kanye nomquba noma umquba. Okokuqala, bonke abahlakazekile engadini, bese bemba phansi, kuyilapho inhlabathi ikhululiwe. Mayelana nendawo engamakhilomitha angama-6 sebenzisa i-cube ye-umquba (ungqimba lomquba u-20 cm) + 1 cube yesihlabathi (uthele ungqimba we-15 cm). Udinga futhi ukwengeza umquba wamaminerali.
Kunconywa ukuba ufake i-lime emhlabathini, njll. ukuma kwenhlabathi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, abalimi balincoma ukuthi kungcono ukushiya inhlabathi encane kakhulu kunokuyiqeda ngokulinganisa. Emhlabathini we-alkaline izihlahla zithola i-chlorosis.
Kodwa umanyolo ongcono kakhulu, ukuze inhlabathi ikhule, kalula uvumele umoya namanzi, yizimbongolo zomhlaba, zingafakwa phansi kusukela ehlathini noma zimbe endaweni lapho kunomswakama ohlala njalo.
Ukunakekela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvuneni.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhasi ngemuva kokutshala akulona kunzima, futhi kufana nokunakekelwa kwe-apula.
Umgqomo amapheya kudinga ukukhanyaKunconywa ukwenza le nqubo kabili ngonyaka. Ukugcoba ukusiza ukuvikela umuthi ekushiseni kwelanga, ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyasebenza njengendlela yokwelapha inambuzane emangalisayo, i-lime iyashisa ezinye izinhlobo izinambuzane.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika izihlahla zidinga ukufudumalaNgalokhu ungasebenzisa ukuphahlazwa. Ukulungiselela umuthi we-hibernation kwenzeka cishe ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ngaphansi kwesihlahla uhlanze wonke amaqabunga awile, izithelo ezibolile. Awukwazi ukuwashiya, ngamapheya abolile ahlakulele izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
- Amagatsha asomile, uma ekhona, athalwa ngamasheya, izindawo zokusika kufanele zihlanjululwe nge-barb.
- Ukulimala, igxolo eliqhekekile lihlanza isihlahla, udinga ukushiya izindawo ezinempilo kuphela.
- Enye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuvikela umuthi kusuka kumagundane namahhashi.
Yimiphi imifino okufanele isetshenziswe
Inani lomanyolo okufanele lisetshenziswe lincike esimweni somuthi. Ngonyaka wokuqala ukuphila komuthi umquba awukwenziKunconywa ukuthi uqale kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala isithombo. Ukondla amapheya ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Amaminerali amaminerali asetshenziswa ngonyaka, ngesikhathi sekwindla, kanye nemvelo zifakwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Umgodi uguguwe nxazonke zomuthi, futhi i-humus, urea ne-potassium chloride ithululelwa kuwo. Futhi, kunezelwa, kanye nomhlaba, i-phosphate-potassium yokuqala, bese kuthi umquba womuthi, futhi kube nomphumela omuhle, konke kufanele kuguqulwe.
Ekwindlaakunjalo Umquba we-nitrogen awukwazi ukusetshenziswa., njengoba zithinta izinga lokukhula kwesitshalo, okwamanje seluvele silungiselela ukushona kwe-hibernation.
Izincomo zokunisela
Isihlahla esinjenge peari singakwazi yenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi futhi ngokwanele kulula ukubekezelela isomisokodwa amanzi okwamanje efiselekayo. Kunconywa ukuthi inhlabathi lapho izithombo zikhula khona, behlala njalo esimweni esinomanzi. Asikwazi ukuvumela ukushintsha okuphawulekayo kwesomiso kuya enhlabathini emanzi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubangela ukuthi izithelo zezinhlobo ezithile zamapheya ziqala ukuphahlazeka.
Amapheya kukhona izinga lokuchelelalokho kungakapheli Amabhakede amabili ngonyaka owodwa wokuphila izinkuni, njll. Njalo ngonyaka sinezela amabhakede amabili amanzi. Omunye umthetho wokunisela wukuthi i-pear kufanele iphuze hhayi eduze kwesiqu, kodwa ngaphansi komqhele, ngoba kunezimpande eziningi, lapho umswakama opha ukuphila ungena khona.
Ubuso obuzungeze umuthi kumele buxhunywe. konke onakho ekhaya, noma iyiphi impahla. Lokhu kungaba iphepha, i-sawdust, izitshalo zokutshala. Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ihlale ikhululekile, ngaphandle kokhula, futhi ayomile.
Ukuchelela amapheya usebenzisa uhlelo lokufafaza.. Yilapho amanzi efika esihlahleni ngesipuni esithile esikhethekile, enenqwaba yezimbobo ezincane, okukhumbuza imvula yangempela.
Enye indlela yokuphuza ikhasi eliphakathi kwamanzi kungukungena emanzini okuzungeza isiqu, ububanzi bawo kufanele bube ngu-15-20 cm.
Ukuphuza imvamisa kuncike ezimweni zezulu, ngokuvamile 2-3 amabhakede ngonyaka okwanele, kodwa ekushiseni ungakwazi ukuthululela izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Amanzi kufanele abe eduze kwe-periphery nangaphezulu, ngoba kunezimpande ezithandayo kakhulu, futhi hhayi eduze kwe-trunk.
Indlela yokucwenga amapheya
Ukudubula yezihlahla ebanjwe entwasahlobo futhi emva kokutshala izithombo, isb. ekwindla. Entwasahlobo kusuka esihlahleni unqume amagatsha amaqhwa futhi lawo magatsha awonakele, kodwa awazange aqaphele ekwindla. Ukususa amagatsha kabili ngonyaka, ungagcina bese ubeka umqhele ngendlela efanele, ungase ulahle nezinye izinambuzane.
Isihlahla sokuqala sesihlahla siqala kakade kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Susa amahlumela angadingekile, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amagatsha waminyaka yonke, okungenani i-1/3 yobude bokuqala. Lapho ukusoka, kuyadingeka ukwakha umqhele we-pyramidal. Awukwazi ukwandiswa, ngoba lokhu kungathinta isivuno esizayo. Sika amagatsha ashise, ukuze asuse ama-parasites.
Sivikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu zamapheya ziyi:
- Izithelo umkhiqizo. Idla emthini womuthi, okwenza amaqabunga awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Leafbolts yizibungu ezidla amaqabunga, izimbali, nezithelo.
- I-Medianitsa, ibukeka njenge-aphid. Bahlala ngaphakathi kwezinso, baphuze ijusi. I-Medyanitsa ikhiqiza ujusi weju, okuholela ekubambeni kwama-inflorescences.
- Weevils. I-bug enjalo edla isithelo.
- I-apple-flowered-eater, esesesikhungweni se-larvae, idla ngaphakathi kwe-inflorescence, engakaze iqhume kuze kube manje, okusho ukuthi akukabikwa impova. I-beetle yabantu abadala idla amaqabunga.
- I-Pear moth - inkathazo eyingozi kunazo zonke edla isitshalo sonke.
Ukusetshenziswa kokulawula izinambuzane okukhethekile amakhemikhaliokudinga ukuhlunga izihlahla. Isibonelo, kusuka ku-sucker ifakwe nge-fufanon noma i-inta-vir. Futhi amaqabunga agciwane le-mite, ashiswa.
Izifo ezivamile
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ukuthi izihlahla eziphakathi kwamaparezi zingabangela:
- Scab. Uqala ukuthuthukisa entwasahlobo. Ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonakala emaqabunga, kanti amaqabunga aluhlaza aqala ukuwa.
- Izithelo zibola. Esikhathini sepeyari kuvela imibuthano ebolile ebomvu, idluliselwa emoyeni, ikhulele ezinye izihlahla.
- Ukugqwala. Ibhekisela ezifweni ezifayo. Emagqabeni kunamabala afana nokugqwala.
- Idonsa likaMealy. Lithinta cishe sonke isitshalo: izimbali, amahlumela, amaqabunga, amaqabunga. Iqala ngokubonakala kwepayipiy, i-plaque engcolile, bese ifakwe embala omnyama, okuholela ekwakheni amachashazi amnyama.
- I-fungus emnyama ibonakala ngesimo se-black plate phezu kwezithelo namaqabunga ephakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezinhlobo zama-pear ze-Urals.
Ehlobo, izifo, izihlahla uphathwa nge-urea noma i-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kodwa, ukulawulwa kwegolide kufanele kukhunjulwe, kungcono ukuxwayisa noma yisiphi isifo noma ukubonakala kwezinambuzane, kunokubambisana kamuva, futhi ngokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala, ngokushesha uqale ukwelashwa.
