Muva nje, ubhontshisi sekuye kwaba umkhiqizo odumile, njengoba ucebile ngamavithamini amaningi namaminerali. Ngamanani amaprotheni lo mifino unempilo kune inyama yenkukhu. Ukungazitholi kwesivuno kwenza kube kuhle ukulima kokubili epulazini nasezikhungweni ze-dacha.
Ubhontshisi bemifino: incazelo yezitshalo zensimu
I-Haricot isitshalo sesitshalo somndeni we-legume. Amabhontshisi aphefumula noma aphephe, anefomu lemifino yamagqabha anezinhlamvu. I-Inflorescences yi-racemes, eyakhiwe ezenzweni. Isithelo yi-pod bivalve, ngaphakathi kwayo kukhona ubhontshisi-ubhontshisi ohlukaniswe izingxenye. Ukuma ubhontshisi nombala wayo kuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imifino enomnandi kunazo zonke, noma ubhontshisi, iyabizwa nangokuthi i-asparagus, ngoba ingadliwa nge-pod. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zobhontshisi bemifino:
"INdlovukazi Enhle" - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile kumagciwane futhi zinezivuno eziphakeme, zivuthiwe ezihlukahlukene, ama-pods aya ku-15 cm.- "Isikebhe" - i-compact bush kuze kube yi-half-meter high, ine-ukunambitheka okubucayi nama-pod ngaphandle kwamafayili.
- "Melody" - izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, i-curly, i-pods flat, kuze kube ngu-13 cm ubude.
- "Inkosi yamafutha" - ibanga lika-haricot eliqhathanisayo nelingenakuzithoba lokutshala, linomdlavuza omnandi othakazelisayo.
- "I-Hell Rem" - Ubhontshisi be-Curly, ukunambitheka kwama-mushroom okuhlukene kanye nezinhlamvu ze-pink.
"INdlovukazi Enhle" - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile kumagciwane futhi zinezivuno eziphakeme, zivuthiwe ezihlukahlukene, ama-pods aya ku-15 cm.Uyazi? Izakhamuzi ze-Albion ezinamandla ziyaziwa ngokuthi ziyimpumelelo yazo futhi zizolile ukuthula kwe-Olympic. Kubonakala ukuthi e-UK basebenzisa ubhontshisi ngaphezu kwezakhamuzi zaseYurophu ezihlangene. Amabhontshisi avame ukuphakanyiswa kubantu abanezinkinga zemisipha, ngoba lokhu kuyindlela ehle kakhulu yokwehlisa isistimu.
Uphi indawo engcono yokutshala ubhontshisi, ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukukhulisa ubhontshisi ngezihlahla zezithelo. Izimila zifanelekile ngempela indawo evikelwe eziklanyeni, okungcono ngokushona kwelanga, ngenhlabathi enezakhi kanye nokuhamba okujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Abanduleli bebhontshisi
Ekulimeni kwamabhontshisi, kubalulekile ukukhetha abanduleli abalungile. Okuhle kakhulu kulo mkhuba kuzoba: iklabishi, utamatisi, ama-eggplants, pepper, ukhukhamba namazambane. Okufanele ubhontshisi kuyoba indawo enezinyosi, u-anyanisi, izaqathe.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala ubhontshisi ngemuva kwamanye amaqanda kunconywa hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emine kamuva.
Izidingo zomhlabathi wokutshala
Amabhontshisi awakhulumi emhlabathini owomile owomile, emanzini ampofu kanye ne-satrogen saturation ephakeme - lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukukhipha inani le-nitrogen elidinga emoyeni. Umvuno omuhle webhontshisi ungafinyelelwa emhlabathini ogcwele kahle, ovundile futhi ovundiwe. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwebhontshisi igubha, uma kunesidingo, ifakwe umquba noma umquba obolile. Uma umhlaba unzima, yenza isihlabathi (imitha ngayinye - isigamu ibhakede). Khona-ke inhlabathi i-raked. Umbhede okhulelwe futhi olungiselelwe uphelelwa ngamanzi ngekhambi le-potassium permanganate yokukhipha i-disinfection.
Ingabe ibhontshisi ifuna ukukhanyisa?
Uma ubhontshisi ukuthi yini futhi kuyadingeka, ke ukukhanya okuhle, kudinga ukukhula okuhle nokuthuthukiswa. Isiko lokukhanya sidinga amahora ayishumi nambili ngosuku. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula endaweni ekhanyayo, khona-ke sekuwanele amahora okukhanya kwemini.
Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi ezweni: incazelo yenqubo yokutshala
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ubhontshisi, imbewu kumele ifakwe emanzini ebusuku. Ngaphambi kokusibekela, ukubuyisela ngokucophelela, ukulahla labo abangakufanele ukutshala, ke, ngaphambi nje kokutshala, ubambe imizuzu emihlanu ngesisombululo se-boric acid: 1 gramu ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi. Ukungcola okunjalo kuzovikela ubhontshisi kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezikhungweni ze-fungal.
Izinsuku zokufika
Uma uhlwanyela ubhontshisi, ama-chestnuts ezimbali azothuthukisa: ziqhakaza lapho usongo lweqhwa seludlulile futhi inhlabathi ishushu, ngokwanele, cishe ama-degrees angu-12 kuya ku-10 cm. Imifino ingahlwanyelwa izitshalo eziningana kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kumashumi ayishumi yokuqala kaJulayi.
Inqubo yokufika
Ukutshala ubhontshisi kulelizwe kanje:
- Izinhlobo zeBush - ukujula kuya ku-6 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufika ku-25 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kuze kufike ku-40 cm;
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Curly - ukujula kuyafana, ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathini lifinyelela ku-30 cm, ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-50.
Ukunakekelwa kwebhontshisi ensimini
Ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele kuyisimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi ukhule kanjani isivuno esihle semabhontshisi. Amasiko adinga ukuphuza, ukudla, ukunakekelwa kahle kwenhlabathi; uma kuyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ekhuphukayo, ibuye i-garter, kanye nokuphoqa amathiphu amahlumela okuthuthukiswa kangcono kokubili amahlumela nezithelo.
Ukunisela ubhontshisi
Ngaphambi kokuba ubhontshisi abumbe amahlumela, aphuziswa kabili ngesonto, ngokwemvelo yenhlabathi - kumele ifakwe emanzini. Ngokubunjwa kwamaqabunga amahlanu aqinile, ukuchelela kumile okwesikhashana. Ngokushesha nje lapho lesi sitshalo sesiqhakaze, ukuphuza kuqhutshwa kabusha, kancane kancane kwanda kabili.
Qaphela! Amabhontshisi afana namanzi emvula, kunconywa ngokungabikho kwalokhu, ukuvikela amanzi ompompi okungenani usuku.
Izici zondla ubhontshisi ensimini
Lapho iqabunga lokuqala eliqinile libunjwa, lesi sitshalo sithola ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-superphosphate ngesilinganiso esingu-30 g ngesilinganiso semitha ngayinye. Umanyolo olandelayo ubhontshisi - usawoti we-potassium (15 g ngomitha wesikwele) - kwenziwa ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwefihlekile.
Kubalulekile! Kuyinto engathandeki ukondla ubhontshisi nge-nitrogen fertilizer, uzikhiqize wona, futhi okweqile kuyoholela ekukhuleni okuqinile kohlaza oluhlaza ukuze kubonakale izithelo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokulima ubhontshisi kunakekelwa kwenhlabathi. Inqubo yokuqala yokukhipha iyadingeka lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-7. Isikhathi sesibili sokudedela nge-hilling senziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14. Isikhathi sesithathu sikhululiwe futhi siphelelwa ngaphambi kokuvala imigqa yezitshalo abadala. Ngesikhathi esomile, umbuthano we-trunk we-mulch ehlathini ukugcina umswakama nokuvikela izimpande ekupheleleni. Ukuhluma ukhula kusuka okhula njalo.
Kuyathakazelisa EBulgaria, bathanda ubhontshisi kakhulu kangangokuthi bahlela iholide enkazimulweni yakhe. Njalo ngenyanga kaNovemba, imikhosi yekhanda lekhanda lezinyosi iqhutshwa; izivakashi zaleli holide ziphathwa ngezitsha ezihlukahlukene ezenziwe ngamabhontshisi.
Indlela yokuvikela ubhontshisi kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo
Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi ezweni futhi ulivikele ezifweni nasezinambuzane? Izifo ezivame kakhulu zitshalo ziyi-mosaic ye-viral, i-anthracnose ne-bacteriosis. Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukulwa noyokuqala: uma isitshalo sigula, kufanele siguwe futhi sishiswe. Lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokulandela imithetho ye-agrotechnology, ukunakekelwa nokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Endabeni ye-bacteriosis ne-anthracnose, i-fungicides ingasiza, kepha imithetho engenhla kufanele ilandelwe. I-Bordeaux liquid ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokulwa. Njengokwelashwa okuvimbelayo, sebenzisa i- "Fitosporin", ukucubungula kwenziwa kabili: ngaphambi kokusakazeka nangemva kokuvuna.
Izinambuzane zezinyosi zihlambalaza nezinyosi zezinyosi. Vimbela ukubukeka kwekhanda lokuqala, uma wenza umhlabathi ojulile esizeni. Uma i-prophylaxis engasizi, phatha indawo ngesisombululo se-Bitoxibacillin noma iGomelin. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwamabele, udinga ukugoba nokucubungula imbewu yebhontshisi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ukuvuna Ubhontshisi
Ubhontshisi abancane bangadliwa amasonto amabili emva kokuvela kwezimbali. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-pods ankulu futhi anambitha ngangokunokwenzeka. Hlanganisa ama-pod ekuseni ekuseni, unqume ngezikhali. Ama-pods amancane adliwe ahlanzekile - awagcinwanga isikhathi eside. Ebusika, lezi zibhontshisi zingahle ziqhwale noma zilondolozwe.
Endabeni yokukhulela okusanhlamvu, alinda kuze kube yilapho ama-pods emile, bese evunwa ngokusika iziqu. Izitshalo ziqoqiwe ezinhlangothini, zifakwe ekamelweni elomile kuze kube yilapho imbewu ivuthiwe ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ubhontshisi aphuma emigodini futhi agcinwe ezigodini ezibucayi ezinezikhumba ezikhona. Amabhontshisi, asetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala, agcinwa esiqandisini.
Ubhontshisi - umkhiqizo onomsoco, ugcinwe kahle futhi akulula ukukhula kusuka enzalweni. Ukuhambisana nemithetho eminingana elula yokutshala nokunakekelwa kuyohlinzeka ithuba lokuqoqa isivuno esinempilo nesiphuzo.
