Izitshalo ezisuka emndenini waseSarratsin zibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ze-predator. Bayakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane nezilwane ezincane ngosizo lwamagqabi afanelekile. Ukugaya izidakamizwa kwenzeka ngokusiza ama-enzyme. Lokhu kungumthombo owengeziwe wokudla, ngaphandle kokuthi ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo akukwazi ukudlula ngokugcwele. Cabanga yini i-sarrasenia, yena incazelo futhi ukuhlukaniswa.
Umndeni: i-Sarrasenie
Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwabo okubanzi kanye nobukhulu obukhulu, ama-sarrasenie aphakathi kwezitshalo ezivame kakhulu. Umndeni wakwaSarratseniyev uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zezitshalo ezithandekayo:
- uhlobo lweDarlingtonia (Darlingtonia) Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-1 - i-darlingtonia californian (D. californica);
- uhlobo lweHeliamphorus (Heliamphora) kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-23 zezitshalo zaseNingizimu Melika;
- uhlobo lweSarracenia (Sarracenia) kufaka izinhlobo ezingu-10.
Darlingtonia Californian ikhula emanzini aseNyakatho Melika futhi inesiqu eside. Amaqabunga aso afana nomumo we-cobra futhi angaba ophuzi noma obomvu-orange embala. I-top of the plant ine-jug yombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ububanzi obufinyelela ku-60 cm. Lesi sitshalo sikhipha iphunga elimnandi eliheha izinambuzane. Uma usengaphakathi kugibe, le nambuzane ayikwazi ukuphunyuka futhi igayiwe ngotshani wesitshalo. Ngale ndlela ligcwalisa izakhi ezidingekayo ezingenalo inhlabathi.
Rod Heliamphorus ihlanganisa izitshalo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-marsh noma iminduze yamanzi yelanga ekhula eVenezuela, entshonalanga yeGuyana, enyakatho yeBrazil. Zihlukaniswa izimbali ezincane ezincane ze-inflorescences. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitshalo zalesi sifo sifunde ukuthola izinto eziwusizo ngokubulala izinambuzane nokulawula inani lamanzi ezigubeni zabo. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-genus lisebenzisa amabhaktheriya e-symbiotic ngokugaya inyamazane, kanti u-Heliamphora tatei uveza ama-enzyme awo. UGeorge Bentham ngo-1840 wachaza izinhlobo zokuqala (H. Nutans) zezitshalo zalolu hlobo.
I-Genus: i-sarratseniya
I-Sarracenia yisitshalo esinamaqabunga anemibala ekhanyayo efana nezimbali. Zikhulu, zodwa, futhi ukuma kwazo kunesandiso phezulu. Iphethini elibomvu elibomvu endaweni eluhlaza noma ephuzi kanye nephunga elimnandi eliheha izinambuzane. Ingxenye ngayinye yekhasi inezici zayo ezisebenzayo. Ngaphandle kuyindawo yokuhlalisa izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho emlonyeni kukhona izigulane zama-nectar.
Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi amangqamuzana e-epidermal engxenyeni engezansi ye-lily amanzi anekhono lokufihla izinto ezithintekayo.
Ingxenye yangaphakathi ihlanganiswe nezinwele ezibukhali ezikhomba phansi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi inambuzane ingene kalula ngaphakathi, kodwa-ke kunzima ukuba iphume lapho. Ingxenye engezansi yembali igcwele uketshezi lapho igoba khona. Amaseli ezitshalo akhiqiza ama-enzyme yokugaya. Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthile lwamaseli abamba izakhi zokuhlukaniswa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sigcwalisa izicubu zalo nge-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium ne-potassium.
Izinyoni zisebenzisa lezi zitshalo njengemifudlana, zikhukhula izinambuzane ezingenayo ukubola. Ezinye izinambuzane ziye zashintsha ukuphila ngaphakathi kweminduze yamanzi ase-sarrasenia. Bakhulula izinto ezivimbela ijusi lokugaya isitshalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubusuku busi kanye nezibungu zalo, inyamazane izimpungushe, i-wasp spax, okuyinto ekwazi ukwakha izidleke ngaphakathi.
Izinhlobo ze-sarracenium
Cabanga ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-sarracenia, ezihlakulelwa futhi zithole indawo yazo kumafasitela ethu.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukondla isitshalo ngemifuno, ingafa. Ukondla kuyadingeka ukwenza izinambuzane ezincane kuphela.
I-Sarracenia i-white-leaved (Sarracenia leucophylla)
Lezi zinhlobo zikhula empumalanga engxenyeni esenyakatho yeGulf of Mexico. It isitshalo elimnene kakhulu nenhle kakhulu. Iminduze yamanzi igcwele igridi elibomvu noma eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimhlophe. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali isitshalo sihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezibomvu. Ikhetha indawo yexhaphozi kanye nomswakama we-60%. Kusukela ngo-2000, ivikelwe njengezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhiqizwa kwe-sarration nembewu kufanele kwenzeke ngemuva kokuqhaqhaza okubandayo kwamaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-8, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kuhlume.
I-Sarracenia psittacin (Sarracenia psittacina)
Emvelweni, ikhula emazweni asenyakatho-eningizimu aseMelika naseningizimu ye Mississippi. I-lamina yesitshalo inesimo se-claw kanye ne-visor ene-dome. Iminduze yamanzi yalezi zinhlobo zibomvu, cishe zimnyama. Isembozo sihlanganisa umbhoshongo futhi awuvumeli ukuba ugcwalise ngamanzi emvula. Ikhula ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho kunezikhukhula ngesikhathi semvula enkulu. Ihood ayivikeli ngaphansi kwamanzi. Isikhumba sakha isiteshi esincane sokungena esingaphakathi kwebhubhisi eligcwele izinwele. I-mini-mtebe ikhiwa ngama-tadpoles. Uma bebhukuda, abakwazi ukuphuma. Indlela yodwa ihamba phambili, phansi komngcele. Lesi sitshalo sithatha ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi singakhula njengesitshalo sasekhaya entshonalanga noma eseningizimu yefasitela.
I-Sarracenia ebomvu (i-Sarracenia rubra)
Lesi sarration yizinhlobo ezingavamile. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - kusuka ku-20 ukuya ku-60 cm. Isici esiyingqayizivele ukukhona kwezindebe ezibomvu. Iheha izinambuzane. Umbala wamaqabunga uguquke kahle kusuka ebomvu-burgundy ube obomvu obomvu. Ngentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza sinemifino encane ebomvu ebomvu ehamba phambili.
Uyazi? Ukuphuza isitshalo ekhaya kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ayimile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhodlela lingabekwa epanini ngobumba obumanzi obunwetshiwe. Ukuphalaza ama-sarratseniyu akunakwenzeka, ngoba amashidi ahlala amathanga.
I-Sarracenia purpurea (i-Sarracenia purpurea)
Ngokwemvelo, ikhula eNingizimu neMelika naseCanada futhi iyinhlobo evamile. Lezi zinhlobo zatholwa emanzini aseCentral Ireland futhi zibanjwe kahle. Lesi sitshalo sinemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhula entwasahlobo kanye nephunga elimnandi lama-violets.
Amaqabunga esicupho se-purpurea eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avame ukungena emanzini. Ngakho-ke Izitshalo zokudlala akuyona nje izinambuzane ezindizayo, kodwa futhi ziyinyamazane. Amanzi emvula ayithinti ukuphumelela kwama-enzyme yokugaya.
Imvelo engavamile ye-sarration ye-purpurea yukuthi ayikhiqizi ama-enzymes okugaya inyamazane, kodwa isengumlwanyana. I-nectar yayo ikhuphuka futhi izinwele zikhula. Kodwa udinga usizo lokugaya inyamazane. Ukutholwa kwezinambuzane kumanzi bese uya ezansi. Futhi lapho izimpungushe ezinjengezinyosi zamangqamuzana zeMetrioknemus zibadla, ziphonsa izinhlayiyana ezincane emanzini. Ngaphezulu kwazo yizimpungushe zomuthi ongcolile uVayomaya. Bayanisela izinhlayiyana ezincane bese benza umfudlana wamanzi. Ama-larvae abeka imithi emfucumfucu emanzini, atholakala yisitshalo. Indawo yemvelo iyingqayizivele ngoba kokubili izinhlobo zezibungu zitholakala kuphela ezitshalweni ezinjalo.
I-Sarracenia yellow (Sarracenia flava)
Lesi sitshalo saqala ukuchazwa ngo-1753 ngumsosayensi waseSweden uCarl Linnaeus. Emvelweni, itholakala e-United States ngenhlabathi enezinyosi nasemanzini.
I-Sarratseniya ephuzi inezimbali zamanzi ezinamaqabunga ombala obomvu okhanyayo nemifino ebomvu, lapho izimbambo ezingama-60-70 cm eziphezulu zikhonjisiwe. Izimbali eziphuzi ezinephunga elimbi elibukhali zifakwe kwi-peduncles eziwusizo. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza singu-Mashi-Ephreli. Izigqoko zinezivalo ezingezansi, ezivimbela amanzi ukuba angene ngaphakathi. I-Nectar inomphumela okhubazayo ezinambuzane. Ekhaya, ngokunisela nokunakekelwa okuhle, isitshalo singaphila ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu ngezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Emagqabeni nasezicweni zomhlabathi zezinhlobo ezithile ze-sarracenium, i-alkaloid sarracenin yatholwa, eyasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emithi.
I-Sarracenia encane (i-Sarracenia encane)
Lezi zinhlobo zachazwa ngo-1788 nguThomas Walter. Isitshalo esincane, ama-25-30 cm ubude, nombala we-jug obomvu kanye ne-tinge ebomvu phezulu. Izimbali zivela ngoMashi noMeyi. Izimbali ziphuzi futhi azikho iphunga. Okukhangayo nakakhulu kunamathenda. Lesi sitshalo sinendawo enkulu engxenyeni engenhla ehlanganisa ugibe logibe. Kodwa kusukela kulokhu ikhono lakhe lokudoba alinciphisi. Esigodini sokudla kukhona izindawo ezincane eziguquguqukayo. Zenzelwe ukuphazamisa izinambuzane. Uma befuna ukuphuma emanzini amanzi, bahamba baye ekukhanyeni bese beshaya iwindi elivaliwe bese bebuyela emanzini futhi.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-sarrasenium zakhula njengesihlahla sezitshalo eRussia ngaphambi kokuguquka, kodwa ngemva kokuguqulwa, amaqoqo amaningi ezizimele azibhujiswa. Namuhla, abalimi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezikhanyayo. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, lesi sitshalo singakujabulisa ngezimbali.
