IChlorophytum umuthi owaziwa kudala esikweni lasekamelweni. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, yayingatholakala kunoma yiliphi ikhaya noma isikhungo, khona-ke ukuthandwa kwaqala ukuhamba, kodwa ngokungafanele. Lesi sitshalo singowomndeni wakwa-Asparagus futhi uqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika. Igama ngokwalo liyindawo evamile enhle, lihumusha ngokuthi "isitshalo esiluhlaza". Eduze komhlabathi, imbali yakha amathanga amahle amaqabunga amade amahlamvu ahlukahlukene noma amade. Amabhlogo amancane aqhakaza phakathi kwawo. I-Chlorophytum inika ukugcwala kwegumbi egumbini, igcwalisa ngemibala yamehlo, ihlanza futhi inambise umoya. Nayo inezimpawu ezihambisana nayo ezethembisa inhlalakahle yomndeni.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IChlorophytum iyi-herbaceous perennial efinyelela kuma-50 cm ukuphakama. Empeleni ayinasisekelo futhi iqukethe irosette eminyene yamaqabunga ase-basal. I-rhizome uqobo esitshalweni ikhule kahle. Siqukethe amahlumela amhlophe anentambo enendawo ebushelelezi nama-thickenings amade (nezilimo eziyizigaxa). Babutha umswakama, ongavumeli ukufa esikhathini sesomiso.
Amacembe aqondile axegisiwe noma afushane. Zinombala obushelelezi nombala ocacile noma omotweni. Ubude obuphakathi kwepuleti lamaqabunga buyi-15-60 cm. Ngasohlangothini oluhlehlisayo, ithambo eliphakathi nendawo livuvukala ngokuqinile.
Izimbali zakhiwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo ngeziqu ezinde ezingenalutho (amadevu). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isitshalo esingaphakathi siqhakaza kaningana ngonyaka. Ama-buds aqoqwa ngamaqembu amancane amafindo noma akha i-cob eminyene kodwa emfishane. Ama-corollas amancane amhlophe noma ukhilimu ngombala futhi aqukethe izinhlayiya eziyisithupha zamahhala ze-oblong ezinqenqemeni. Engxenyeni ephakathi kukhona ama-stamens amade anama-anthers aphuzi ayindilinga nekholamu elincanyana le-ovary.
Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, izingane zikhula kumadevu. Okokuqala, kwakhiwa irosette elincane lamaqabunga, bese kuvela izimpande zomoya, okuthi, lapho zihlangana nenhlabathi, ziqume. Kwesinye isikhathi izingane zishiywa emoyeni, zakha isihlahla esikhulu esinamakhasikhisi ezisekelo zomoya ezilengayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuvundiswa, isibeletho sakhiwa - ibhokisi lembewu elomile le-oblong. Ngaphakathi, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-3.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
I-Chlorophytum ihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 zezitshalo, kepha izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa ezitholakala kuphela ezifuywayo.
Chlorophytum crested. Isitshalo semvelo esinamaqabunga amade amancanyana. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo aluhlaza aqoqiwe endaweni yokuphuma evumelana nama-cm angama-40-50 cm. Ukusuka kuyo kukhula imicibisholo emide ngezimbali nezingane ezihlangene, yingakho isihlahla esidala sifana nomthombo oluhlaza. Izinhlobo:
- vittatum - enkabeni yeqabunga eliluhlaza obumnyama umucu omfishane omhlophe;
- i-mosagate - usayizi wesiliva ukhona epuletini elilula;
- i-laksum - amaqabunga ahlukahlukene ahlelwe ngesimo somuntu othanda futhi abe nomngcele omhlophe omfishane ozungeze umphetho;
- ulwandle - luyehlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambili ekuhlelweni komoya wamahlamvu.
I-Chlorophytum curly (uBonnie). Ukubukeka okuhlangene ngokwengeziwe ngamahlamvu asontekile kwele Kuvunguza. Ingxenye yepuleti yesikhungo inomugqa omhlophe obanzi.
IChlorophytum Cape. Amaqabunga aluhlaza acinene-lanceolate aluhlaza akhula aze afike ku-60 cm ubude futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-3 cm. akha ama-rosette amaqabunga aminyene nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe eziqhakaza izimbali ezifushane. Izinhlobo azikhululi amabevu amade, ngakho-ke zanda kaningi ngokuhlukanisa isitshalo somama.
I-Chlorophytum enamaphiko (i-orange). Isitshalo esidala esingama-30-40 cm sifanekiswa ngamaqabunga obubanzi obukhulu kuma-petioles amafushane. Ipuleti leqabunga eliluhlaza elimnyama lihlukanisa phakathi nesiqu se-orange kanye ne-central vein. Kwi-peduncle emfushane, kwakheka i-inflorescence enjenge-spike efana nendlebe.
Izindlela zokuzala
Thola izitshalo ezintsha akunzima. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela zohlobo lokukhiqiza kabusha. Ukuze uzizwe ungumfuyi wezitshalo, ungakhula imbali kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Zitholakala ngokuzimela ngenxa yokungcoliswa kokufakelwa noma zithengiwe esitolo. Ukuhluma okuphansi, kuphela ngu-25-40%.
Ukutshala imbewu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ifakwe elangeni ngosuku olucwebile olumanzi. Kungcono ukubahlwanyela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lungisa izimbiza ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat, lapho okutshala khona izinto kujule ngo-5 mm. Ingaphezulu lomhlaba liyafafazwa futhi limbozwe ngefilimu. Gcina okuluhlaza okotshani kukhanya okukhona futhi emazingeni okushisa oku- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Hlukanisa izitshalo nsuku zonke futhi uzifafaze ngesidingo. Amahlumela avela kancane, ngemuva kwamasonto angama-4-6. I-Shelter ayisuswa masinyane, kancane kancane ijwayela izithombo ukuvula isikhala. Ngokuvela kwamaqabunga angempela angama-2-3, ama-chlorophytums angena emanzini ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukile.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Isitshalo esikhulu (esingaphezu kweminyaka emine ubudala) sihlukaniswe izingxenye phakathi kokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo. Izimpande zisikwa ngendwangu ebukhali futhi zifafazwe ngezingcezu zamalahle achotshoziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokushesha batyala ebhodweni elisha. Ngisho nokuhlukaniswa okuncane ngezinso olulodwa nengxenye encane yezimpande iyakwazi ukumpande.
Izingane ezitsalela izimpande. AmaRosette amadevu (izimbali zezimbali) ezinamaqabunga angama-4-5 kanye nezimpande ezincane ze-airy zingcwatshwe emhlabathini. Ziyaniselwa, bese kuthi emavikini ama-2-3, nengane ithathe izimpande, ihlukaniswe ihlumela. Ungasusa masinyane ukuphuma kwesitolo bese usibeka engilazini enamanzi amancane. Ukutshala enhlabathini yezitshalo zabantu abadala kwenziwa lapho kwakheka izimpande eziphelele.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
IChlorophytum ayiyona into engenabunzima, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezintofontofo, izothokozela nge-Cascade eluhlaza eluhlaza kanye nokuqhakaza okujwayelekile. Ukutshala nokutshala kuhlelwa kahle ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa minyaka yonke, futhi ezindala njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Imbali inezimbali ezinamandla futhi idinga imbiza ebanzi, noma kunjalo, akunqweneleki ukuthatha umthamo omkhulu ngokushesha. Uhlelo lwezimpande lungabola noma lukhule ngamandla kuze kube yilapho ingxenye yomhlabathi iyeka ukukhula.
Izinto zokwakha (udaka olwandisiwe, izingcezu zezitini ezibomvu noma i-polystyrene) kuthululelwa ezansi ebhodweni. Inhlabathi yakhiwe:
- inhlabathi eyisodada (izingxenye ezi-2);
- amaqabunga ama-humus (ingxenye eyi-1);
- isihlabathi somfula (ingxenye eyi-1);
- inhlabathi eshidi (1 ingxenye);
- amagxolo kaphayini oqoshiwe (1 ingxenye).
Okuncanyelwayo ingxube engathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic reaction. Lapho ukufakelwa, kufanele zikhulule isitshalo kusuka eningi lobumba futhi ihlole izimpande. Izingxenye ezibolile nezaphukile ziyasuswa. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, izihlahla ziyaphuziswa futhi zishiywe emthunzini oyingxenye.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile, i-chlorophytum idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kahle kanye namahora amade wemini. Ukusuka elangeni eliqondile emini, ukuvikela kuyadingeka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, isitshalo singcono empumalanga noma entshonalanga ewindini. Ebusika, ihlelwe kabusha efasiteleni eliseningizimu. Le mbali ayizukufa endaweni enokhanyayo, kepha izokhula kancane futhi ibuye ilahlekelwe ngumbala wamaqabunga.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya elijabulisayo lingu + 22 ... + 28 ° C. Ebusika, ukupholisa kuvunyelwe kuze kufike ku-18 ... + 20 ° C, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukunisela futhi kunciphise umswakama womoya.
Imvamisa i-chlorophytum ivumelanisa kahle nomswakama ojwayelekile egumbini, kodwa ngokubonga iphendula ekufufusheni ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokugeza kusuka othulini. Emoyeni owomile kakhulu noma ebusika, eduze nokushisa, amathiphu amaqabunga ayoma futhi mnyama. Lokhu kwenza isihlahla singathandeki.
Ehlobo nangehlobo olushisayo, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu, kepha ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuphumula isikhathi eside phakathi kokunisela, ukuze inhlabathi yomile ngesigamu noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu akuzilimazi izitshalo, ngoba ezimpandeni kugcina ingxenye efanele yoketshezi. Ukusunduza kwamanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke ipani likhishwa imizuzu eyi-15-30 ngemuva kokunisela.
Ngokufakelwa okujwayelekile, i-chlorophytum ingakwenza ngaphandle komanyolo. Ukuze imifino ikhule ikakhulukazi ngobudlova, ngoMashi-Agasti, kabili ngenyanga, isixazululo sendawo yezimbiwa zezitshalo eziholayo singeniswa emhlabathini.
Ngokulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa kwalesi sifo, izitshalo ze-chlorophytum azesabi. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nomswakama ophakeme, izifo zomkhuhlane (amabala, ukubola kwezimpande, isikhutha se-powdery) zingakhula. Zonke izindawo ezilimele kumele zinqunywe. Akungathusi, ngoba i-chlorophytum ivuselela kahle. Kuyasiza futhi ukubuyisela umhlabathi ngokuphelele futhi uphathe nge-fungicide.
Lapho uthintana nesitshalo esinegciwane noma ehlobo emgwaqweni, i-chlorophytum ingathandwa yizinambuzane ezisezingeni, ama-thrips, mealybugs noma ama-spider izimbuzane. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho kuvela amagciwane, amahlumela kuqala ahlanzwa ngaphansi kweseshini elinamandla elishisayo, bese elashwa ngesibulala zinambuzane noma i-acaricide.
Yini i-chlorophytum ewusizo
IChlorophytum ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iwusizo kuyo yonke ingqondo yesitshalo. Sekufakazelwe ukuthi umqhele wawo ukhiqiza ukungazinzi, okulimaza umoya. Iphinde ibambe uthuthu olunobungozi ebantwini: i-carbon monoxide, i-formaldehyde, intuthu kagwayi. Isisindo esiluhlaza sidedela inani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama, okwenza umoya osegumbini ube nempilo kakhudlwana.
IChlorophytum ihambisana nenqwaba yezinkolelo-ze nezibonakaliso ezithi imbali ilusizo kakhulu ekunethezekeni kwasekhaya nasenjabulweni yomndeni. Lo mthombo oluhlaza uthatha umniniyo amandla okweqile, ukhulule ukudana futhi usize ukuxazulula izinkinga empilweni yomuntu. Abantu abanesizungu abanale imbali endlini yabo kungenzeka batholakale. Imindeni izohlala ibheke imizwa.
Ama-Florists ayazi ukuthi iningi lezinkuni zasendlini zidinga ukwahlukaniswa nezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba amaqabunga awo aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi kuzo. Kodwa i-chlorophytum ingavunyelwa ukuthi idle amakati, njengotshani obujwayelekile botshani. Kuliqiniso, amakati angahle abe muhle, kepha lokhu kuhle impela ezilwaneni. Bazothola izinto ezidingekayo futhi bahlanze umzimba izigaxa zoboya.
