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Ukugcinwa kwe-Silo nokugcina

Ukuze izinkomo zisondle kahle futhi azizange zinciphise umkhiqizo wazo phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukulungiselela okwanele kokudla kusengaphambili. Isici esibalulekile ekudleni kwezilwane kukhona ukudla okunomsoco, okungukuthi, okuqukethe amanzi amaningi. Ukuze babe nesondlo futhi bazuze ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuba balandele ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela nokugcina kwabo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokulungiswa kokudla okubaluleke kakhulu kwebusika-silage.

Uyazi? Ekudleni kwezinkomo, ukondla kwe-silage kufanele kube ngu-50% wokudla kwawo konke.

Kuyini ukuqapha

Ukuze kulungiswe kahle ukusikwa kwe-silage, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi lokhu kuyisilwane esinamanzi esilwane semfuyo, esitholakala ngokulondoloza (ukuvutshelwa) okutshalwe ngokutsha noma izingxenye eziluhlaza ezitshalweni zezitshalo zomanyolo (izinhlanzi, amaqabunga, ama-stalks). Ukusila okunomsoco kufana nefolda eluhlaza. Kufanelekile ukudla zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasepulazini. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi amahomoni amakhulu, izingulube, amahansi, izimvu, onogwaja.

Inqubo yemvubelo, noma ukugqilaza, iyenziwa ezakhiweni ezikhethekile (imisele, izimbobo, imibhoshongo, njll). Lapho, imifino igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic ngosizo lwama-acids e-organic, eyabanjwe kakhulu ngenxa yendlela yokuvutshelwa kwe-lactic acid. Kanti futhi ukulondolozwa kungenziwa wanezela ama-preservatives amakhemikhali, izithako zokudla, ukusheshisa inqubo yokuqapha.

Ukudla okulungiselelwe ngale ndlela kugcinwa kwisitoreji se-silo noma kuhlanganiswe emabhuloki. Ezimweni zanamuhla, ukulungiswa kwe-silage kungadli isikhathi esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvunwa kwe-hay. Kungalungiswa ngesikhathi esifushane, asikho isidingo sokulungiselela ngaphambi kokudla. Akudingi izimali ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uzuze ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwezakhi. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nokugqilaza, kufika ku-10-15% wezinto eziwusizo ezilahlekile, ngenkathi kuvuna hay - 30%.

I-Silage iqukethe inani le-carotene ne-vitamin C ukuthi izilwane zidinga, kanye namanzi kanye ne-fiber. Lokhu kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kangcono kwendlela yokudla yokudla, okufaka isandla ekubanjweni kwe-roughage ngabo.

Uyazi? I-Silage iyadingeka ngezinkomo, ngoba kuyondla imilingo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele idliwe ngokuhambisana nemikhuba enconywayo, ngoba inani elikhulu ekudleni izinkomo ezinamahloni kungaholela ekwenzeni ubisi kutholakale iphunga lika-silage. Ummbila we-corn and beer-bean isigugu kakhulu izinkomo.

Izitshalo ezinkulu ze-silage

Ukuze ukulungiswa kwe-silage kusetshenziswe amasiko amaningi. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

  • ukukhanya;
  • kunzima ukukuqonda;
  • ezingenakwenziwa ngendlela ehlanzekile.
Ummbila omhlophe, i-sunflower, iklabishi, ukudlwengula, isithombo sebhitrudi, amabele, iziqhumane ze-carrot, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, izingxube ze-legume-cereal zibhekwa njengeqembu lokuqala.

I-Clover, sedge, clover, i-alfalfa kunzima ukugqilaza. Utamatisi namazambane eziqongweni, amakhukhamba, i-zucchini, amakhabe, amathanga, ama-soybean akafanelekile ukufaka ifomu elihlanzekile. Izimila ezivela eqenjini lokugcina zivunwa kuphela ekuhlanganiseni ngokucwiliswa kalula noma ngokungeziwe kwezidakamizwa kanye neziqalo.

Njengendwangu eluhlaza ye-silage, iziqongo zezitshalo zensimu, amaqabunga eklabishi, ukuxuba kwezitshalo kanye nosanhlamvu, utshani obukhula emadlelweni, izitshalo zezimpande zifanelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silage ne-protein-rich rich waste waste (pulp, bard, pulp).

Isigaba sokugaya esiphezulu

Esinye sezici ezithinta umsoco we-silage yisikhathi sokugaya isivuno se-silage. Isitshalo ngasinye sinesigaba esihle kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kokudla kwe-silage.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvuna izitshalo ze-corn silage kuhlanzwa esigabeni sokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Yilapho leyo ngqolowa ihlanganiswe kalula futhi ingalahlekelwa yizingxenye ezingu-10 kuphela zezakhiwo zayo zokudla okunomsoco uma ivunwa. Esikhathini esifanayo isitshalo sembewu sitshalwe.

Isikhathi esihle sokuqoqa i-sunflower kuyoba yisikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sinama-inflorescences angu-30% avulekile. Uma ungaphuthelwa lo mzuzwana, okuqukethwe kwe-fiber ku-sunflower kuzokwanda, futhi izilwane zidle ukudla okunjalo ngokuzingela kancane.

Izitshalo zemigodi zonyaka ezivuthiwe zivunwa esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwe-grain-waxy sezinhlayiya ezingeni eliphansi, okwesibhakabhaka ngonyaka - ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

I-aft silage lupine ihlwanyelwa lapho kutholakala okusanhlamvu. I-Clover ixutshwe kahle phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, okusanhlamvu - ekuqaleni kokuthola.

Indlela yokulungisa i-silo: i-silage yokulungiselela ubuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe bokulungiswa kwe-silage kufaka izigaba eziningana:

  • ukuvuna izitshalo ze-silage;
  • ukugaya izinto zokusetshenziswa;
  • ukubeka esitoreji;
  • ukuhlanganiswa kobuningi obuhlaza;
  • indawo yokuzivikela engenazimpande silage impahla.
Kunezinto ezidingekayo eziningana zokuvunwa kwe-silage:
  • Ubuningi be-silage kufanele bube nomswakama omuhle we-65-75%, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu. Ngomswakama okweqile, engeza umquba, umququ, utshani oqoshiwe (15-20 kg / 100 kg kokudla). Uma izinga lokuswakama linganele, i-zucchini, ithanga, namanzi ziyasungulwa.
  • Futhi emzimbeni obuluhlaza kufanele ube nesamba esidingekayo ushukela.
  • Umoya ovela ezintweni eziluhlaza kumele uqhutshwe ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokuhambisana kahle.
  • I-tank, umgodi, umsele noma igumbi lapho i-silo ebekwe khona kufanele ibe uphawu oluyimfihlo ukuze kuvimbele oksijini namanzi ukungena kuwo.
Cabangela ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokwenza silage ekhaya.

Emva kokuvuna izitshalo zokugqilaza, kumele zichotshozwe. Ubude obuphakathi kwama-herbs oqoshiwe kufanele kube ngu-3-4 cm.

Kubalulekile! Okunciphisa umswakama wezinto eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, ikakhulukazi kufanele kube nomhlabathi (2-3 cm). Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho - ngezinga eliphakeme lemiswakama (80% nangaphezulu), kuyadingeka ukusika okukhulu kwe-green (8-10 cm).
Ukuze unqume izinga lomswakama, udinga ukuguqula izitshalo ezimbalwa esikhungweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijusi liphuma emaphethelweni - lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokumswakama livamile. Uma imifino ingabi manzi ngokwanele, amahlamvu ayo azobe esithambile, futhi uma ehlile, i-liquid ngeke igeleke. Ngomswakama owedlulele, ijusi esivela kulezi zitshalo ikhishwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngesikhathi sokuthutha.

Ukubeka i-silo, kubalulekile ukumba imbobo mayelana no-2 m ubujamo obubanzi. Ububanzi nobude be-recess akukhathaleki. Kungase kube nxazonke. Izindonga zomgodi kufanele zandise phezulu. Kudingeka ukuba benziwe ngodaka. Ingaphansi ingahlanganiswa namaqabunga awela phansi noma utshani.

Okulandelayo, emgodini wezingqimba zobuningi obuhlaza obunama-20-25 cm, ngokuyiqinisa ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindonga. (Izindla zobuningi obuhlaza zingashintshwa ngendwangu eqoshiwe 40-50 cm ukuphakama.) Nsuku zonke ubukhulu bugcwele u-80-100 cm.

Ikhefu ligcwele phezulu - ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa okuqukethwe kwalo kuzohlala. I-denser ithebhu, i-silage izoba ngcono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imifino enomswakama ojwayelekile ixiliswe ngendlela engcono kakhulu, futhi ngokuswakama okuphezulu kuncike ekunciphiseni okulinganiselwe. Ukushisa ngaphakathi kobuningi akufanele kudlule ama-38 degrees.

Kubalulekile! I-silage enhle ingalungiselelwa kuphela izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Uma ubeka umgodi ngaphezu kwalesi sikhathi, isondlo sivuselela, siphonsa amaprotheni kanye ne-carotene.
Ngemuva komthwalo ogcwele, umgodi uhlanganiswe ngokushesha nge-plastiki ukugoqa futhi ugcwele ungqimba lwama-25-30 cm wenhlabathi noma i-peat. Ungakwazi futhi ukumboza nge-bales of straw compressed. Uma kungabikho amafilimu, uhlaka olungamamitha angu-30 wamanzi aluhlaza, uhlaka lwamamitha angu-5 ububanzi bomhlabathi kanye nohlaka lwama-20-25-cm lwenhlabathi luthululelwa. Ukuze uvikele i-silo emvula, i-canopy ifakwe ngaphezu kwegodi, futhi izimpungushe zikhishwa ngaphandle kwalo ukuvimbela amanzi ukungena kuwo.

Ngokubambisana kahle, ukondla kuzolungele ukuncelisa ezinyangeni ezingu-1-1.5. Izitshalo ezikhula kancane zingasetshenziswa ngaphambili - ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20. I-legume silo izodinga izinyanga ezingu-1.5-2 zokuqala.

Kunendlela yokwenza ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nezindawo zokukhosela. Ungasebenzisa indlela ye-silage kuma-polymer hoses. Kulesi simo, inqubo yokulondoloza iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeka umthamo oluhlaza okweluhlaza. Ukulahlekelwa ngale ndlela kubanga kusuka ku-3 ukuya kuma-5%. Ukudla okuphezulu kwekhwalithi kungasuswa kumkhono njengoba kudingeka kulo nyaka wonke.

Lapho ukuvuna inani elincane lokudla, ungasebenzisa umgqomo.

Isitoreji seSilo

Ubuso be-silo egcinwe kufanele kube flat futhi bushelelezi. Izimo eziyinhloko zokulondolozwa okufanele kuyoba ukugcinwa kokushisa okudingekayo kanye nobuqotho be-encapsulation.

Ukuthatha inani elidingekayo lokudla, izinto zokumboza ziphakamisa kancane. Umbala ovulekile kufanele ube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke umgodi uphinde uhlanganiswe ne-foil bese ufafazwa ngotshani noma umhlaba.

Ngemva kokususwa esitolo se-silo, ukondla kufanelekile kuphela ekudleni okulodwa, ngoba ngokushesha ulahlekelwa izakhi zawo emoyeni.

Uma sonke silo sisetshenziswa, umgodi kuyodingeka uhlanzwe izinsalela futhi uphathwe nesisombululo se-lily freshlylive.

Ama-Silos nama-preservatives

Ukuze silondoloze inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezakhi zomzimba, lapho silungiselela isililage esetshenziswa ekusebenziseni ama-preservatives amakhemikhali. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezilukhuni nezingaxilile noma ubukhulu obuhlaza obuningi obukhulu bomswakama. Umphumela wama-preservatives unqunywe amandla abo okulawula umsebenzi obalulekile wezinyunyana ezincane: ukuthuthukiswa kwe-putrefactive, isikhunta - ukucindezela, i-lactic acid nemikhawulo - umkhawulo.

Uyazi? Ukwethulwa kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni we-corn silage kusiza ukugcina kuze kube ngu-90% ushukela kuwo.
Ukwengezwa kwama-preservatives kwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwezinga eliphakeme kunoma iyiphi into eluhlaza (kufaka phakathi okulula ukuyibeka), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lomswakama nobungako balo bunjani. Izithasiselo zigcwalisa ukondla nge nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfure, microelements.

Kuze kube manje, ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa zokulungisa isiliva kuyinkulu-cishe ama-2.5,000 amakhemikhali amakhemikhali akhiwe. I-pyrosulphite ne-sodium bisulfite, i-ammonium pyrosulphate ne-ammonium dihydrosulphate, i-formalin nabanye banempahla emihle yokulondoloza. Bafipha ubukhulu be-silage. Uma ukhetha i-additive, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe kulabo abangenayo i-poison kanye ne-carcinogens.

Futhi, uma ubeka i-silage, i-mineral acids (ifomu, i-sorbic, i-lactic, i-propionic, i-acetic) isetshenzisiwe noma ingxube yayo ngamanoni. Zenziwe ngezigaba eziningana ngo-20-25 cm.

Uma ubeka utshani, ummbila kanye nemifino, ungangeza inkanyezi ekhethekile, equkethe amabhaktheriya e-lactic acid.

Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ye-silo iyoxhomeka ezintweni eziningana: uhlobo lwezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe, isigaba sokuvunwa kwabo, umswakama wabo, ubukhulu bokubeka nokufaka uphawu lwesiliva. Ukudla kwekhwalithi kungabonakala ngombala - kuyoba kusuka ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kumnyama omnyama, futhi kumnandi ama-apula - sauerkraut, ama-apula aqoshiwe, isinkwa esibekiwe (kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka). Uma i-silo ine-flavour ehlukile, isibonelo, umanyolo noma i-ammonia, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akumukeleki.

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